A bright start the first disappointment orientate yourself

A bright start the first disappointment orientate yourself

Выберите только ОДНО из двух предложенных высказываний и выразите своё мнение по предложенной проблеме согласно данному плану.

Comment on one of the following statements.

1. Science is the first thing to be financed in the modern world.

2. An early choice of a career path is the key to success.

What is your opinion? Do you agree with this statement? Write 200–250 words. Use the following plan:

− make an introduction (state the problem)

− express your personal opinion and give 2–3 reasons for your opinion

− express an opposing opinion and give 1–2 reasons for this opposing opinion

− explain why you don’t agree with the opposing opinion

− make a conclusion restating your position

Science has always been a sensitive issue. Nowadays some people say it iis the first thing that should be financed, others consider it less important.

I tend to agree with the latter. Firstly, there is no doubt science is important and must be financed, but there are more urgent problems that we already have means to solve, like poverty or ecology, for instance. Scientific research is not needed to create another thousand of jobs, which is essentially a way to control poverty. Secondly, science is risky in economical terms, since the percentage of successful projects is far from one hundred. Very far, in fact.

However, there are people that think science must be the world’s top priority. They say that science has made our lives as easy as they are now compared to the lives of our ancestors several hundred years ago, so we should keep pushing the progress to make life even easier and more pleasant.

Still, I cannot agree with those people. They are right about scientific discoveries making life easier, but it took decades to make use of those discoveries and thus improve people’s lives, meanwhile mot of the world’s population still lived by the old ways. If most of the financial resources go into scientific research instead of more urgent needs, soon most of the world will lie in ruins while a small group of the reachest people enjoy the results of the scientific progress, which is not the outcome everyone except for that group wants.

To wrap it up, I think it is safe to say that science is definitely not the top priority when it comes to distribution of the world’s financial resources.

Установление соответствия

Good enough for the royal family

From women to the military

The company moves overseas

The development of color film production required the Max Factor company to develop a new line of products. The existing make-up reflected surrounding colors. As a result of how bad they looked, many actors and actresses refused to appear in color films. At this time Frank Factor, Max’s son, took the lead and developed a suitable product. It had a solid cake form and was applied with a damp sponge, which concealed skin imperfections.

New products, new leaders

Soon actresses and other women working on movies sets were stealing new make-up to use in their personal lives. Its only disadvantage for everyday use was that it made the skin too dark under regular lights, having been designed for the powerful lights used in film studios. Frank Factor began developing lighter shades. In 1937, new “Pan-Cake” make-up was released to the public and it became one of the fastest selling cosmetic items.

From childhood and on

After Max Factor’s death, Frank Factor took the name Max Factor, Jr., and expanded the still private cosmetics firm. The company began development of a smear-proof lipstick which would not fade. A special machine was constructed to test the formula’s resistance. The result was “Tru-Color” lipstick in six shades of red. During World War II, Max Factor developed make-up shades for use by the US Marine Corps in camouflaging faces.

From movie stars to every woman

Max Factor, Jr., continued his commercially successful developments, such as cream make-up supplied in stick form. Soon the company offered shampoo for men and its first perfume called “Electrique”. The early 1960s saw the company go public and list its stock on the New York Stock Exchange. This period also saw the third generation of the Factor family rise to senior positions within the company.

Changes in cinematography, changes in make-up

Display inquisitiveness 2

Установите соответствие между текстами A–G и заголовками 1–8. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании один заголовок лишний. Запишите выбранные цифры под соответствующими буквами.

1. Display inquisitiveness
2. Be self-disciplined
3. Extend your learning
4. Discover cultural diversity
5. Challenge yourself
6. Focus on people’s wisdom
7. Involve yourself into new spheres
8. Stick to a schedule

A. Self-education requires a willingness to learn, the self-discipline to stay focused and a level of interest that exceeds the standard job mill education. A curious mind seeks to be educated. By asking questions, you can find out a lot of things that many people don’t know and won’t ever know. In fact, questioning is key to active and meaningful learning. The formulation of a good question is also a creative act. Questions help us to make sense of the world.

B. Try to expand your mind by learning beyond your comfort zone and seeing how other people think, perceive and understand things. If you only ever see romantic comedies, watch a documentary or an action film instead. If you only ever read comics, try a novel instead. If you only ever see car rallies, go and see a museum exhibition instead. Read world history and learn about different cultures. It is one of the finest ways of self-educating. Read about others who self-educate.

C. Curiosity is about pushing yourself beyond what you’re used to. There will be times when you feel really uncomfortable, out of your depth and perhaps even upset when trying to learn new things. This can happen especially where you feel dumb, unlearned or when your beliefs and values are challenged. These are the very times when you should keep pushing yourself to learn and to become wiser about whatever it is you’ve been avoiding. Read a lot. Without fail, always read something, and make it substantial.

D. Read English from different parts of the world, don’t assume that authors from your own country are the only ones worth reading. By extending your reading to elsewhere in the world, you’ll discover that even with one language, the thinking is diverse and the ways of seeing the world are wonderfully varied. When you feel more competent in this area, push into other languages. Realize that learning a language is about immersing yourself in another culture too.

E. If you’re learning or have learned the basics in math, science and other subjects, find out what you’ve yet to learn and set about teaching yourself. There is much more beyond the basics and most of it will challenge you in much more interesting ways than your initial learning did. If you did badly at a subject, do not let this hold you back. Every brain is plastic and capable of being rewired to relearn things and to learn new things.

F. Self-education requires very good self-discipline. Besides, borrow from intelligent people what you consider works well to improve the mind and understanding. Observe, learn and apply what you see good from them. You can learn a lot from them if you just take the time to sit with and listen to them. Should you feel that what they tell you is old hat and odd, put aside your biases and really listen. There are authentic human things to learn from older people.

G. By the time finals roll around and your time is precious — every minute counts. That is why scheduling is essential during the preparation for the exams. So as not to become totally confused during this stressful time, make a realistic study schedule for yourself, too. Leave yourself time for breaks — you’ll be taking them anyway — and be sure to prioritize according to which class you’ll need to study for the most.

A bright start the first disappointment orientate yourself

Вы услышите 6 высказываний. Установите соответствие между высказываниями каждого говорящего A–F и утверждениями, данными в списке 1–7. Используйте каждое утверждение, обозначенное соответствующей цифрой, только один раз. В задании есть одно лишнее утверждение. Вы услышите запись дважды.

Воспользуйтесь плеером, чтобы прослушать запись.

1. Reading a lot is an important aspect of self-education.

2. Self-education doesn’t have to be boring.

3. Self-education is necessary even after you get a diploma.

4. The World Wide Web has made self-education really easy.

5. Self-education isn’t necessary with teachers at hand.

6. Self-education is not a good option for everyone.

7. Responsibility is the key to effective self-education.

Of course, everybody knows that we need to live and learn. That’s the point of going to schools or universities. But I seriously think that no teacher or professor can make you take in the information if you don’t feel like it. You need to be motivated and you shouldn’t just hope professors will teach you everything. You need to make some effort too. I guess that’s the essence of self-education – relying only on yourself while studying.

My parents say self-education is a great thing and I tend to agree with them. I remember when I was a child, I would be surprised every time my mom or dad answered a quiz question or did a crossword. I asked them where they had got it from and they said they had learnt a lot because they had read many books – not the books you have to read but books they simply wanted to read. Now I know the basis of self-education is to be on good terms with books.

With Internet access in every home, I don’t see any point of going to school or entering a university. You can educate yourself taking online courses, reading books and research papers. You can visit practically any museum and see and read about their exhibits, and you can watch documentaries and other educational programs. I think this way you can learn much more than while sitting in a stuffy lecture hall listening to teachers.

I know self-education has many advantages, but honestly it’s not for me. You need to be organized and disciplined for self-education, but I’m not like that at all. I’m lazy and I’ll never do an exercise if it’s not officially announced as homework by our teacher. I do what my teachers tell me to do and I’m happy to have their guidance. Moreover, having teachers means they are somehow responsible for your education and that’s good news for me.

I guess self-education now is a must for everyone who wants to be a real pro. I mean if you’ve graduated from a university – even if you’ve graduated with honours – it doesn’t mean you know everything that is necessary to do your job effectively. To be a good specialist you need to learn all the time, look through online publications concerning your job and so on. Graduation shouldn’t be a full stop in your professional development.

I think self-education is fun. It’s so flexible compared with schools, scheduled lectures and things like that. I like to impress my classmates with some quote they’ve never heard or some anecdote they don’t know. It’s not so difficult to do it, you just need to be alert – it can be some news item on the radio or on TV or a post on Facebook. There are so many opportunities for self-education and it doesn’t even have to be for school!

A — 7. You need to be motivated and you shouldn’t just hope professors will teach you everything.

B — 1. Now I know the basis of self-education is to be on good terms with books.

C — 4. With Internet access in every home, I don’t see any point of going to school or entering a university. You can educate yourself taking online courses, reading books and research papers.

D — 6. You need to be organized and disciplined for self-education, but I’m not like that at all. I’m lazy and I’ll never do an exercise if it’s not officially announced as homework by our teacher.

E — 3. I mean if you’ve graduated from a university. it doesn’t mean you know everything that is necessary to do your job effectively.

F — 2. I think self-education is fun. There are so many opportunities for self-education and it doesn’t even have to be for school!

английский для гуманитариев. Учебное пособие

1. Give the Russian equivalents to the words and word-combinations, learn the vocabulary:

17. to succeed
2. Put in the right preposition
1. When classes are over teaches stay … school.

2. He plans his work … what he learns about his children.

3. The relationships … him and his pupils should be based … cooperation and respect … a person.

4. The function … education is to prepare children … real life situations, to help them live … the community, to bring them … … the spirit … high moral ideals.

5. To be a teacher is not so easy as it may seem … first but love … children and great … patience combined … deep knowledge would be quite enough to succeed … work.

6. Thousands … young people choose this profession and dedicate their lives … the education … younger generation.

3. Match the words with their definitions. Give the Russian equivalents.

4. Match words 1-8 with words a-h to form collocations, then make sentences using the completed phrases.

5. Correct the sentences:
1. The function of education is to prepare children for tests.

2. They teach children to be outstanding pedagogues.

3. Teacher’s profession is very easy job.

4. They teach children to be a younger generation.

1. Why have chosen the profession of a teacher?

2. What qualities are the most important in a teacher?

3. What do teachers stay at school for when classes are over?

4. What is the main function of education?

5. What is necessary to succeed in teacher’s work?

6. What are the tasks and role of school in present-day life?
READING

Read the following essay. Find the provements to the statements and comment them:

* Every teacher continues to be a student.

*Teaching is a two – way traffic.

*Teaching is an art and a science at the same time.

My ideal of a good teacher.

I’ve never supposed that I’ll study at the Pedagogical University. It’s interesting for me that I am engaged in pedagogical process. I couldn’t guess that the problems of pedagogics and teaching generally will be so actual nowadays.

Teaching is the bilateral pedagogical process of communication of teachers and pupils. And it is a great responsibility for teachers to grow up each child as a person. It is the main purpose of education to bring them up in the spirit of high moral ideals. So, to be a teacher isn’t so easy. Even if you want to be a teacher you can’t become a good one. You must be born one. To my mind, a teacher is like a sculptor; he molds a personality out of a child like a sculptor creates a beautiful statue out of clay.

I can say that teacher’s profession is very interesting and creative. That is why true genuine pedagogues, besides academic competence, should master broad knowledge. In my point of view a real teacher is a good actor, artist and scientist at the same time.

I guess the most important qualities in a teacher are: industry, patience and honesty.

Industrious and patient pedagogues loving their children will be successful in work.

Also it will be helpful for teachers to have such qualities as fairness, a sense of humor, and finally, objectivity. It is really important treating pupils as anyone of us would like to be treated.

1. Look through the following text in 30 seconds and try to identify

* where it might be taken from

Just about the worst day ever. I’m really beginning to hate walking in there. Can’t believe I spent so much time making that lesson for nothing. I mean, really – what the point? It took me ages to research all these websites and write up all the questions. I really thought they would like it. They always tell me how boring the book is, but try and do something different, what happens? NOTHING. Really thought they would enjoy it today. But once again, all they did was chat about other things in Spanish. How can I get them to speak in English? Don’t they realise that they have a speaking exam soon? It’s just soooooo frustrating. I’ve told them time and time and TIME again that they will fail, but they just don’t seem to care. I just don’t know what to do. Tell you one thing for sure – after this… never again. They really don’t appreciate it. Just the book from now on. They can like it or lump it.
2. Read the text again more carefully and say what examples of non-standard English can you find? How would you write these things in more standard English?

3. What do the following words refer to?

4. Try to answer:

* “They can like it or lump it” – What do you think this means?

* Why do you think the students are talking in Spanish to each other?

* Do you think it’s important that they talk in English? Why?

* Do you sympathize with the teacher? What advice would you give her?

Match the paragraphs (a-g) with the best paragraph headings (1-7). One heading is not needed.
1. A bright start

2. The first disappointment

3. Orientate yourself

4. Learning while teaching

5. The right choice

6. In one breath

7. Love at first sight

8. Having someone near
a. I was very excited about my first teaching job. I didn’t plan it but was given an opportunity to teach at an exclusive university. I was greatly challenged by my students then. They were great English speakers way ahead of me as I was not so confident, articulate, and fluent. But whew, I survived! In fact, it was a great learning experience for me. I had to do a lot of practice like talking to myself in front of the mirror or taking notes of the jokes. It was funny but it helped a lot to improve my language skills.

b. Although I could have chosen different specializations when I got my first degree in Engineering, I decided to get my Master’s in Marketing. I did not know if I was prepared for that. I was only 21 when I started it up but my teachers believed that I had some natural skills. Even though I had some doubts at the beginning. choosing to do a Master’s degree in this field was one of the most important decisions in my life. It shaped me the way I am now: a gleaming professor trying to contribute to the development of society.

c. I remember my first day at school: it was my mother who took me there. I had to wear a school uniform: a white polo shirt, black trousers, and black leather shoes. I had a small backpack with an exercise book, a pencil box, a bottle of water, and my lunch box inside. I was happy and very excited to see other students. That day I met my future friends and teachers. Throughout the years I learnt many subjects like English, Maths, Science, Religion, PE, Art and Social studies. Now my first week is over, but I still remember it.

d. 33 hours a week. A dollar an hour. My first teaching job at an upcoming college in my home province showed me the realities of work life. I was a fresh graduate from university and I wanted to get a job soon enough. I accepted the offer because I felt it was somewhat prestigious to teach at a college. But it was exhausting to teach 11 classes in one week with an average of 25 students per class. The 2-hour daily commute to work and back added to the exhaustion. It wasn’t as prestigious a job as I imagined.

e. Throughout the years I had many jobs but the first one was unforgettable. I loved what I did. I loved teaching English and Public Speaking classes. It was wonderful to meet new colleagues who soon became friends. The fellowship among teachers was genuine and warm. The best part for me was being in the classroom teaching real students. It was fulfilling to see them learn and grow. It’s been more than 20 years since I first entered the classroom, and I’m still teaching. I guess I’ll stay in the vocation for a little bit more.

f. I think it’s a good idea for parents to come and stay for a night in a hotel nearby for your first day of uni. I, unfortunately, was on my own on move-in day and it was a massive hassle! It was difficult trying to carry all the stuff on my own and I ended up having to ask a stranger outside my accommodation if they could help me carry my shopping up to my room, which was super embarrassing. It’s also nice to have someone there for you, all of my flatmates parents helped them move in so it was a bit lonely for me the first couple of days while they were with their family.

g. My first day at university was very nerve-wracking, as I completely forgot what I actually meant to do when I finally got there. It was embarrassing at first when my room roamed around the room making my bed and asking where to put my teddies. But once she left I propped the door open with a chair and made friends with each and every flatmate popping in and saying hi. I got my university ID card and went out with my friends. I tried to make the most of every second as they flew by. The next thing I knew, I was graduating!

Read the following text, translate it and explain the meanings of these expressions:

oral history formal education documented advances educational values utilitarian skills

From the Egyptians to the Greeks to the 1100s: The Roots of Formal Education

Humans are a complicated species, and exact records of many aspects of our common development are not so well known. The development of writing systems around 3500 B.C.E. aided in recording these lessons and served as a concrete record, replacing reliance on purely oral history. Some of the earliest written records show that formal education, in which basic communication skills, language, trading customs, and agricultural and religious practices were taught, began in Egypt some time between 3000 and 500 B.C.E. The earliest library known to man, in Babylonia, was built by Ashurbanipal, the king of the Neo-Assyrian Empire (685–627 B.C.E.). Texts in this library documented advances in math, reading, and writing, as well as common practices of warfare and hunting.

During the Zhou Dynasty (551–479 B.C.E.), Confucius, the famed Chinese philosopher, greatly impacted the overall curriculum focus of formal education and shaped educational values even through present-day systems. Though known better for moral and spiritual teachings, Confucius’s focus on personal values determined what was important to teach as well as how this teaching was achieved in formal education settings. For example, self-control and respect were incorporated as aspects of the development of logical thinking. Additionally, Confucius was perhaps one of the first to think of differentiated instruction: “Teach according to the student’s ability” (as cited in Chin, 2007, p. 1). This means that 2,500 years ago Confucius knew about the value of differentiated instruction and its worth not only to the individual but also to society.

The content of formal education shifted with the Greeks, who sought to balance utilitarian skills with loftier contemplations about the origins of thought. Hippocrates (c. 460 –370 B.C.E.), Socrates (c. 470–399 B.C.E.), and Aristotle (c. 384–322 B.C.E.) all speculated about what drives human will, motivation, and learning. While educators since the Greeks have contemplated how to influence human actions through formal education, it is relatively recent in human history that the focus has turned to brain functions that can be manipulated to enhance the teaching and learning process. According to modern educational theorist Howard Gardner, “Greek philosophers may have been the first to raise questions about the nature of matter, living entities, knowledge, will, truth, beauty, and goodness. In recent centuries, however, philosophy has steadily been yielding ground, enthusiastically or reluctantly, to empirical science” (Gardner, 2000, p. 1).

Read the following text in 2 minutes and try to identify the title.

According to a Japanese proverb, “Better than a thousand days of diligent study is one day with a great teacher.” There’s truth in those words, as anyone who has ever had a great teacher will know!

The learned men of ancient times, by default became the teachers. Priests and prophets taught children of the wealthy and noble, the skills to take up their roles as leaders and businessmen. The priests’ position was elevated above many strata of society, and they were treated accordingly for their knowledge and wisdom. Teacher appreciation was a widespread feeling, and respect for teachers was proportional to their high value in those societies.

One of the most learned men of all time, Confucius (561B.C.), became the first private teacher in history. Born of a once noble family fallen on hard times, he found himself as an adolescent with a thirst for knowledge and nowhere to drink, since only the royal or noble were allowed an education. Because all the teachers were government officials, there was no way around the State policy. He solved it by going to work for a nobleman, whom he could accompany on his extensive travels. Such was his reputation, people sought him out to teach their sons. Confucius received more teacher appreciation than anyone before. He took any student eager to learn, and with the regular subjects, imparted his personal wisdoms for developing responsibility and moral character through discipline.

In ancient Greece, long acknowledged as the seat of philosophy and wisdom, the value of educating their children was recognized very early on, with some households engaging their own teacher. Teacher appreciation was an obligation for any self-respected Greek. Learned men, continued to impart wisdom on into the first years of Christianity, including the scribes in the Bible, who were often men that taught law as well. Through the first centuries A.D. Roman families often had educated slaves to teach their children, some of which were captives from other countries.

prophet – предсказатель Confucius [kən’fjuːʃəs]

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