Fractions how to read

Introduction to Fractions

Fractions: Introduction to Fractions

Lesson 1: Introduction to Fractions

What are fractions?

A fraction is part of a whole. It’s less than 1 whole thing, but more than 0. We use fractions all the time in real life. Have you ever ordered a quarter-pound burger? Or noticed that your gas tank is half full? Both of these are fractions of the whole amount—a whole pound of meat, or a whole tank of gas.

Fractions look a little like division expressions, but they aren’t problems to be solved. They are a way of expressing an amount. Like numbers, fractions tell you how much you have of something.

Click through the slideshow to learn how fractions work.

Let’s imagine that you have one pizza divided into 8 slices.

Say that you take 1 of the 8 slices.

You could say that you took 1/8 of the pizza. 1/8 is a fraction.

We write it like that because the pizza has 8 slices.

What if you take 2 slices?

Now you’re taking 2/8 of the pizza.

The top number changed, since we’re talking about 2 slices now.

We could also say that 6/8 slices were left. There’s less than 1 pizza, but more than 0 pizzas. That’s why we use a fraction.

Let’s look at another example of how you can use fractions to show part of something.

This coffee pot holds 4 cups of coffee. Right now it’s full.

As the morning goes on, the coffee pot gets emptier. Now there are 3 cups left, so it’s 3/4 full.

Now, it’s 2/4 full.

And now it’s 1/4 full. We have less than 1 pot of coffee, but we still have more than 0 pots. We have a fraction of the pot left.

Writing fractions

Every fraction has two parts: a top number and a bottom number. In math terms, these are called the numerator and the denominator. Don’t worry too much about remembering those names. As long as you remember what each number means, you can understand any fraction.

The top number, or numerator, refers to a certain number of those parts. It lets us know how much we’re talking about. Since we’re talking about one slice of pizza, our numerator is 1.

Let’s look at another example. What if we divided the same pizza into 12 slices instead of 8? If we took one slice, that would be 1/12 of the pizza—1 slice out of the 12 total slices. No matter what fraction you’re trying to write, you always write it the same way—with the number of parts on the bottom, and the parts you’re referring to on top.

Try This!

Write these images as fractions.

Reading fractions

In the example above, if you had a pizza with eight slices, each slice would be 1/8 of the pizza. You’d read that like this: one-eighth.

When we read or talk about fractions, we use special numbers called ordinal numbers. A good way to remember this is that many of them are the same numbers you use when you’re putting things in order: third, fourth, fifth, and so on.

Here are some of the most commonly used fractions:

A good rule to remember is that most ordinal numbers end in «th.» So, 1/20 is one-twentieth. 1/35 is one-thirty-fifth. 1/54 is one-fifty-fourth.

How to Read a Fraction

Fraction notation and operations may be the most abstract math monsters our students meet until they get to algebra. Before we can explain those frustrating fractions, we teachers need to go back to the basics for ourselves. First, let’s get rid of two common misconceptions:

Learn to Read a Fraction

A fraction is a number that relates to whatever is defined as one whole thing. Before a fraction can have any meaning, something has to be defined as “one whole unit.” Of course, this is true of all numbers, not just fractions. Before three can have any meaning at all, one has to be defined. Are we talking about 3 miles or 3 bags of rice or 3 spaces on the number line? Natural numbers are defined in terms of whatever one is, so fractions are no different from other numbers in this respect.

At the beginning, students need to make extensive use of fraction models. Let’s not limit ourselves to the round food model, but it is a great place to start. For the rest of this post, you may imagine “one whole unit” to be a single pizza, cut up into fractional pieces.

The first confusing thing about fractions is vocabulary: those awful words numerator and denominator. To keep them straight, our students must learn how to read a fraction. Teach your children to read fractions from top to bottom, like the pages in a book:

Now, let’s go through that a little slower…

Numerator: The Fraction’s First Name

The top number in a fraction is its first name — that is, the first thing you hear about the fraction. A fraction’s first name counts the number of pieces: 2/5 has two pieces, and 3/5 has three of them.

This makes it easy to count up the total number of pieces in a bunch of fractions:

And if you add another fifth, that would make 8/5. Add a few more to get 11/5, then maybe take some away:

counting down this time.

You can keep counting up and down forever, as long as you are only talking about fifths.

Mnemonic: It may help your students to think “number-ator.” The numerator counts the number of pieces we have.

Denominator: The Fraction’s Family Name

[Yes, this is out of order. We want our students to meet and get to know the fractions, so for beginners we focus on the names. Learning about the fraction bar comes later.]

The bottom number of a fraction is its last name, or family name. All fractions with the same last name are in the same family. The family name tells what size the pieces are — which is the same as saying how many of the pieces make one whole thing. (Remember that fractions are always defined in relationship to some whole thing.) With fourths, it takes four of them to make a whole. With sevenths, it takes seven of them to make a whole thing.

This is why, as the last name gets bigger, the fraction itself gets smaller. The more pieces your whole thing has been cut into, the smaller each piece will be.

…because both have two pieces, but 7ths are smaller pieces than 4ths.

A man is like a fraction whose numerator is what he is and whose denominator is what he thinks of himself. The larger the denominator, the smaller the fraction.

Mnemonic: It may help your students to think “down-nominator.” The denominator is the number down in the bottom of a fraction.

Put Them Together, and What Do You Get?

So what number is the fraction? It is the number that names the amount of stuff in all those pieces.

But it is important to remember that the fraction itself is NOT the same as those pieces of pizza. If I had 3/4 of a pizza, it would be the same amount of stuff even if it had not been cut up — for instance, if my daughter came through and cut out as much of the pizza as she wanted, without bothering to cut the rest apart. And the whole pizza is 8/8 of a pizza, even before the first cut is made.

As we work our way toward a solid understanding of fraction operations, we will often come back to our fraction models to ask these questions:

The Line in a Fraction Can Be Read “Divided By”

Every fraction is also a division problem — or rather, it is the answer to a division problem. For instance, the fraction 7/3 names the amount of pizza each person would get, if we divided 7 pizzas evenly among 3 teenage boys:

Think of the division symbol “÷” as a miniature picture of a fraction. The dots stand for the numerator and denominator.

This is why the remainder in a division problem turns into a fraction. Consider those 3 teenage boys fighting over the 7 pizzas. It is easy to give them each 2 whole pizzas, but what shall we do with the remaining one? We have to cut it up, and each boy will get 1 ÷ 3 of it.

Whatever our remainder is, that becomes the numerator of our remainder-fraction. The denominator is whatever we were dividing by.

Knowing that the line in a fraction means “divided by” will be important in solving complex fractions like this MathCounts puzzler:

…or when our students meet algebra monster fractions like:

So we will keep reminding our students of this fact throughout middle school or junior high:

A fraction is can be written as a division problem.

Fractions

We can describe numbers smaller than one by using decimals or fractions. Today, most systems use decimals, but it is still useful to know how to read and say simple fractions in English.

Look at these examples of fractions:

Although the system of fractions is not used much these days, we commonly use a few simple fractions in everyday speech, for example:

Like English math

Fractions in English

It so happens that seeing a fraction in a text or article, we do not know how to read it correctly. And if you are going to study Business English and use it in your professional activities, then you should not doubt the correctness of the data you have provided. And in everyday life you can’t do without fractions.

In this article, we will learn the rules for reading different types of fractional numbers in English, remembering which, you will always be sure that you are speaking correctly.

Fractions are of two types: ordinary, which are written with a dash (common fractions or simple fractions) and decimal, which have a period (decimals).

Ordinary fractions

Reading simple fractions is quite simple, and very similar to how we read them in Russian. An ordinary fraction has two components: the numerator (the number above the line) and the denominator (the number below the line). The upper number (numerator) is read as a cardinal number (how much?), And the lower number (denominator) is read as an ordinal (which order?). In this case, the numerator one can be read as the article a:

If the numerator is greater than one, then the denominator acquires a plural ending:

Remember that half when reading fractions is half, and a quarter can be read as (a / one) quarter or (a / one) fourth:

If there is an integer in the fraction, then it is associated with a fraction using the word and:

Reading decimals

First of all, it is important to remember that English decimal fractions use a full stop, not a comma. In English decimal fractions, we do not say the words: tenths, hundredths, thousandths, but simply call numbers. And when reading decimal fractions, the word point is said and each digit is called separately:

If there is no whole number, and there are numbers only after the dot, then they say nought or zero (in American English), or even miss zero in speech and writing:

Interest

Often percentages are indicated in decimal fractions: per cent [pəˈsent] (percent AmE). The word per cent is used in the singular:

The use of the word percents is possible only in relation to the school topic «Percents», but cannot be used with specific numbers.

Phone numbers, dates, and prices are also in doubt. It would seem that nothing complicated, but even the best students make mistakes when talking about these numbers. I recommend remembering the rules, and perhaps learning something new: Phone numbers, dates and prices in English.

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Pokemon, thanks! We tried to make the information as accessible as possible.

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Math Actions in English

The most common simple fractions.

Even if your professional activity is in no way connected with the exact sciences, you need to know at least basic mathematical operations in English. They are found not only in special literature, but also in films, books, and everyday speech. In this article, we will look at terms related to arithmetic problems, fractions, percentages. At the end, I provide the voiced flashcards with basic words on the topic of mathematics.

Please note that only mathematical terms are discussed here. If you’re looking for information on numerals, I recommend this article: Numbers in English.

Basic math in English: addition, subtraction, multiplication and division

The most common mathematical terms are related to arithmetic. Please note that in Russian we have words such as:

In English, the same is true, so we represent arithmetic operations in the form of a table:

I will give examples:

Often instead of equals or is equal to they just say is.

If your math is as “excellent” as mine, let me remind you the most basic thing about fractions.

Common fractions consist of numerator and denominator. Remember, the numerator is on top, the denominator is on the bottom

When learning English, many learners overlook simple vocabulary topics that they think will never be useful to them. The same thing happens with words and phrases that denote mathematical actions.

However, mathematics can be useful in areas of activity completely unexpected for us. Therefore, in English, it is also worth learning a couple of simple expressions that will help you do basic calculations.

There are 4 mathematical operations in total, but to begin with, consider only 2:

In order to correctly describe addition and subtraction in English, the following vocabulary is useful:

Let’s look at some examples of how to correctly read arithmetic operations:

Multiplication and division in English

The following vocabulary is useful to describe the multiplication and division formulas:

How the language we learn to count in affects math ability

Anand Jagashia BBC Future

Image copyright Getty Images

Four times 20 plus 12? Four and a half times 20? What is this number? Learning to count in a particular European language can affect how a child’s math skills develop.

If I ask you to write the number ninety-two, you won’t think too much. By the time we become adults, the connection between numbers and their names in our language has already been established and we recognize numbers almost automatically.

You may be surprised, but 92 in English is not the best description for this number. And in some other languages ​​it’s even worse.

And in some it is better. But it’s not just semantics. As scientists believed back in 1798, the language in which we learn to count can influence the development of our mathematical abilities.

What’s the best way to count?

Almost all countries today use the decimal (base 10) number system. The most logical counting systems use words that reflect a decimal structure and have clear rules. However, in many languages ​​these rules are complex and confusing.

Image copyright Javier Hirschfeld / Getty Images Image caption 90 is halvfems in Danish. This is an abbreviation of the Old Norse halvfemsindstyve, or «four and a half times 20»

Now compare this with the literary Chinese language (Mandarin), in which the relationship between tens and ones is absolutely clear. 92, for example, the direct translation would be «nine ten two». Japanese and Korean have similar rules.

Psychologists call such systems transparent, transparent, the connection between numbers and their names is clear and logical.

How language affects math ability

There is growing evidence that this kind of transparency in the counting system can influence the way we handle numbers. For example, children from East Asian countries can better understand decimal education.

In one study, first grade students were asked to represent numbers (such as 42) using cubes representing tens and ones.

Children from the United States, France, or Sweden added 42 out of forty-two cubes, while the little Koreans and Japanese used four decimal cubes and two ones. From this, we can assume that language already at this age influences how a person imagines numbers.

Of course, there may be many other reasons why children from different countries have different mathematical abilities: how they are taught mathematics, how they generally care about education, and so on. These factors are difficult to account for when it comes to representatives of different cultures. But the language helps to explain something.

Today in Wales, about 80% of schoolchildren study mathematics in English, but 20% are taught in modern Welsh. And this opens up an ideal opportunity for experiment: after all, children study the same school curriculum in two different languages. In addition, they are from the same social environment, from the same country, with the same cultural characteristics.

Let’s look at their example, is the system created in the East Asian style more effective than the system that we adhere to in the West?

Six-year-old children studying English and Welsh were tested for their ability to locate two-digit numbers on a blank horizontal line, one end of which was labeled «0» and the other end «100».

Both groups performed equally well on the arithmetic tests, but the Welsh children performed better on the task of determining the position of the numbers.

“We think this is because the Welsh kids had a clearer understanding of double-digit numbers,” says Ann Dowker, lead author of the study and experimental psychologist at the University of Oxford. «They had a better idea of ​​the relationship between numbers, how much one is larger than the other.»

From changing places

In some other languages, tens and ones in two-digit numbers are reversed. For example, in Dutch 94 is written as vierennegentig (that is, «four and 90»), and one study showed how this might affect the performance of certain math tasks.

For example, Dutch kindergarteners are worse than English kindergartners at adding double-digit numbers. And this despite the fact that they were a little older and with a more developed working memory (kindergarten in the Netherlands starts later than in Britain).

But in all other respects (the ability to count, add and compare the number of points, the addition of single-digit numbers), the two groups of children showed the same results.

In Dutch, extra mental effort is required to rearrange the numbers in a numeral

“This shows the role of language,” said Iro Zinidou-Dervo, lead author of the study and lecturer in mathematical cognition at Loughborough University in England.

As Zinida-Derva explains, when children see a number like 38, for example, they say it to themselves, and then draw its place on the line in front of them.

In Dutch, it takes extra mental effort to rearrange the numbers in a numeral that sounds like «eight and 30». This additional mental load ultimately affects the final result.

And, as it turns out, this happens not only with children. Scientists have tested these results in adults, only using software that tracks the participants’ eye movements.

“Eye movements reveal to us how cognitive processing of information occurs at a deep level. We could see at what point the participant was looking in which direction, ”comments Zinida-Derva.

Image copyright Javier Hirschfeld / Getty Images Image caption Dutch children have to swap two-digit numbers to understand it

Both adult groups performed equally well in terms of the final direction of the participants’ gaze. But when the numbers were pronounced, and not written in front of them, the Dutch representatives experienced a slight hitch and looked in the direction where the first digit in the number should be located, that is, in the opposite direction (for example, when they called the number 94, the first instinctive movement of the Dutch eyes was to the side 49).

The results are surprising, since it was always believed that in adults, the identification of numerals occurs automatically and no language influences this. But it turns out that the less transparent language system for the education of numerals in the Dutch language makes math problems more difficult for Dutch adults as well.

“The influence is very weak, but since we, as adults, do a lot of mathematical calculations in our daily life, sometimes difficult ones, the language system potentially acts as an additional obstacle in these calculations,” notes Zinida-Derva.

So how can we teach math to our children if everything in our language is not as transparent as we want it to be?

Zinidou-Dervo thinks so too. “It would be nice if the double-digit numbers were explained to Dutch children a little earlier. It is useful to remember that such an obstacle exists. «

So, even if we use the same numbers, the words we call these numbers can influence how we perceive them.

It is often said that mathematics is a universal language. It seems that this is not entirely true.

You can read the original of this article in English at BBC Future.

English for Mathematicians: Words You Need to Know!

The practice of English and the need to replenish vocabulary arises constantly. Therefore, we will continue the topic of using the English language in various fields of activity.

If you are thinking about going to a university abroad, looking for a job in a technical specialty abroad or in an international company in your city, we can say with confidence that you cannot do without mathematics. Even if you are fluent in English, think about it: have you succumbed to mathematical terms in English? It is one thing to have knowledge in the field of study in your native language, it is quite another to be able to understand the relevant English terminology.

We suggest considering a list of basic mathematical signs, symbols, fractions, mathematical operations that will definitely come in handy.

Signs and Symbols in Mathematics in English

Signs and symbols in mathematics, both in Russian and in English, have the same meaning. Therefore, there will be no problems with their recognition:

+ plus (more);

— minus (minus);

x, ∙ multiplication signs (the signs of multiplication);

÷, /,: division signs (the signs of division);

: proportion sign (the sign proportion) reads as is to: A: B = C: DA is to B as C is to D;

% percent (per cent);

Math in English for kids

It’s no secret that the mathematics curriculum in Russian educational institutions is quite strong, often stronger than the Western one. The main difficulty is at different ages of presentation of the material.

The Russian program in mathematics is more like «layers» of information, while the Western system is like a «spiral», new material is first studied superficially, so that the student has an idea of ​​this concept or phenomenon, after a year more deeply, then another deeper.

Very often, the subject of the task may be familiar to the student, but the formulation of the task itself can cause difficulties due to the specific terminology. Top British schools, when offering a student to take an entrance test in mathematics, often offer him unusual tasks in logic and statistics, which require the ability to quickly combine the solution algorithm and derive the answer itself.

Teachers from the UK prepare children of different ages (from 10 to 15 years old) for admission to private British schools and taking a math test in English. Problems of the problem solving type, which for the most part are the most difficult for incoming children and students, are dealt with in detail during classes.

The program of the Russian school is often called upon to give a specific task in which it is required to find a solution, while the British program gives a situation where it is necessary to first develop an algorithm for the solution, to draw up several equations / graphs / examples to obtain the final answer.

This implies the development of logical thinking and working with data.

The mathematics course in English for children entering English schools includes such basic sections as:

In the context of a tight time frame before the entrance exams in mathematics to school, we invite children to «solve» as many tests of the past years in mathematics in English from different schools as possible in order to identify and get acquainted with the typology of problems, get a clear understanding of the requirements, the assessment system and identify their own strengths and weaknesses.

We recommend that children prepare for the entrance tests a year before the exams themselves, but there are times when people turn to us 2 months before the mathematics exams in English, in this case, you usually only need to practice with the child typical tasks with which he is usually already familiar, the mathematical vocabulary and vocabulary also do not cause special problems for such students.

Mathematics is a fundamental subject in both Russian and Western education systems, it speaks about the level and abilities of children to think logically, apply rules and theories, count, and solve multi-stage problems.

In mathematics in English for children, topics are studied such as:

Do Russian schoolchildren need additional training in mathematics in English?

This is what leads to great confusion in the exams, to a misunderstanding of tasks and an inability to find their solutions. A mathematics course in English in Western educational institutions places great emphasis on problems such as problem solving, where you first need to develop an algorithm for solving, compose several actions \ equations \ examples to obtain the final result.

These are the skills of working with data and analyzing information.

Math textbooks in English for kids

Enjoy learning English online with Puzzle English for free

Autumn is a time not only for walking in the park and enjoying the fallen leaves, but also for the beginning of school days. Do you love English classes as much as we love them? We hope so! What about the rest of the lessons?

In this article we will tell you what are the names of school subjects in English and how they are translated. And also, what is the difference between the lessons of the English and our Russian lessons.

Schools in England

In September, millions of children around the world pack up their school bag and go to their first classes in the new school year. True, education systems in Russia and England are fundamentally different from each other.

In England, a 100-point system for assessing knowledge has been adopted, which is not always clear to Russian pupils and foreign students. So, a score of 70 or higher is called the First Class Honors classification and is equal to our «five».

And finally, if a student gets from 0 to 29 points, he is given a Fail or Unsatisfactory mark, which equates to our “two”.

In terms of the classes themselves and the training system, there are also significant differences between the UK and Russia.

Our first-graders go to school from 6-7 years old, and they usually study there from 8 in the morning. There are not so many classes for the pupils of the elementary grades: there are about 3-5 lessons of 45 minutes a day, which continue until lunchtime. Middle and high school students take an average of 5-6 lessons a day, and after that they stay for additional subjects or other extracurricular activities.

Students in Russia of all ages have about the same number of days, including not only summer and New Year’s holidays, but also spring and autumn holidays. In England, children go to primary school from the age of 5, and the total duration of complete secondary education is 13 years.

The average schoolchildren graduate at the age of 18 and then can go to university for higher education. Standard school classes everywhere begin at 9 am and continue until 3 pm. The youngest primary school students do not immediately sit down at their desks: there are many games and outdoor lessons in their schedule.

Every year kids are taught more and more discipline and different sciences. This prepares them for a smooth transition to high school.

As in many countries, there are two types of schools in England: public and private. True, the quality of education and the difference between them are not as noticeable as in Russian schools. All students of private schools in England must wear a school uniform, which is distinguished by the corporate color of the educational institution. A prestigious school always has its own coat of arms and other symbols that are widely known outside its borders.

An interesting feature of schools in England is that they can differ by gender: there are schools for boys only, only for girls and mixed educational institutions. Even in the modern world, many parents choose to send their children to such schools. Also, the British have access to a large selection of schools with special biases: sports, humanitarian, mathematics, art schools and many others.

In middle and high school, regardless of its bias, special attention is paid to the development of qualities that will help the child form his own view of the world and bring up a strong independent personality. Many activities are aimed at developing leadership skills, discipline, a sense of responsibility and the ability to express one’s opinion. Much time is also devoted to sports training and, in general, the comprehensive development of the student.

Lessons in English

The basic set of subjects (school subjects) of any student includes the study of the native language, mathematics, natural sciences, literature, as well as work and physical education classes. As for the study of foreign languages, in Russian schools, as a rule, students are asked to choose between English or German. In English schools, they study mainly French and German. Below are the main Russian school subjects with translation into English:

There are compulsory subjects in the UK school course that we do not have. For example, citizenship (bases of legal responsibility). Below you will find a complete list of compulsory subjects in British schools:

In addition to all of the above, schools can introduce other subjects, at their discretion or depending on the specialization.

School vocabulary

In addition to the list of school subjects in English, we suggest remembering important words that will be useful to all students:

Welcome all English lovers to our next online lesson! We are glad that you continue to improve your knowledge, and today we invite you to analyze the topic «Mathematics» in English. It seems to many that mathematical knowledge rarely comes in handy in life.

But if you think about it, then counting, the processes of division or addition, and at the same time the mention of fractions are found in the information field around a person almost every day. Therefore, of course, without a stock of mathematical vocabulary, it is impossible to fully communicate in English.

So let’s fill that gap as soon as possible!

How to spell and pronounce math in English

First of all, let’s figure out how mathematics gets translated into English. After all, the British and Americans can call the Queen of Sciences in several ways.

And here an important caveat should be made: in the UK it is customary to use the abbreviation maths [maθs] in speech, and in the United States, the use of an even shorter version of math [mæθ] is widespread.

Also note that in this case, the pronunciation of the word Math in English changes depending on the type of abbreviation selected.

Well, what is the English math and mathematician, we figured out, it’s time to talk about basic math operations. We will devote the next section of the article to them.

The simplest mathematical operations in English

Sometimes we ourselves do not notice how mathematical terms flicker here and there in our speech. Of course, mathematics is a complex science, and not everyone succeeds in mastering even the fundamental basis.

Nevertheless, everyone should know the simplest mathematical operations, which is why we are working on the topic Mathematics in English today. And right now we propose to replenish your vocabulary with useful vocabulary on this topic. So, the terms, phrases and expressions will be presented in the form of a table.

Moreover, for each English word, translation and transcription in English will be provided so that the pronunciation of mathematical terms does not cause difficulties.

Here’s a mini-dictionary we got. And for a better understanding and memorization of the terms, we will show how any native resident of the United Kingdom or America would write a simple mathematical action in English.

As you can see, all phrases are quite simple and in essence similar to examples from the Russian language.

Fractional numbers, percentages, degrees, and other mathematics terms in English

So, we already know how to designate the simplest mathematical operations and call the Queen of Sciences in both general literary and colloquial terms. But after all, mathematics is a very complex discipline, which includes many different topics. And even for communication at the simplest level, the information we have studied will not be enough.

Therefore, we will supplement the topic Mathematics in English with another collection of useful vocabulary. In particular, the table will tell you how to indicate percentages, fractional numbers, mathematical brackets, and other important elements.

Join the study or print out the table below and expand your vocabulary whenever you have free time.

Now the topic Mathematics for the intermediate level of English proficiency has been mastered in sufficient volume. I wish you success in your further training and see you soon!

Mathematics, Russian, English: where to apply?

Management

Code: 38.03.02

Professions: manager (logistics, procurement, advertising, personnel, etc.), marketer, auditor, manager, financial analyst.

This option of where you can go with English and specialized mathematics is, to a certain extent, a «hodgepodge». In the general sense of the word, management is management, but you can manage many people and many things.

Therefore, future specialists in this profile study psychology (from the point of view of human resource management), economics, advertising, finance, and strategic planning.

It is up to you to decide which area to bias, but during your studies at the university you will have to master:

Business Informatics

Code: 38.03.05

Professions: programmer, business consultant, system analyst, web administrator, sap specialist.

This specialty is a kind of combination of the IT industry and the financial industry.

Future professionals in the field of business informatics study programming, the creation and use of information systems and databases, as well as logistics, business process modeling, strategies for managing human, financial and other resources, and even some areas of law.

As a result, they can work in any company where IT tools are used or are planned to be used, and which, in principle, are focused on development and profit growth. While studying at a university in such a specialization, you will need to study:

To become a business analyst, you can enroll, for example, at the Higher School of Economics. Here in Moscow, 85 budget places are allocated for this profile, they offer full-time education, and the passing score is at the level of 96.0.

Or you can pay attention to Peter the Great SPbPU with 30 budget places and a passing score of 86.3.

There are both full-time and part-time forms of study, but for admission to the full-time department, you will need to additionally take a foreign language at the university.

Fundamental and Applied Linguistics

Code: 45.03.03

Professions: linguistic expert, translator, linguist, computer linguist, proofreader, editor, content manager, foreign language teacher.

Mathematics and language are a combination, whatever one may say, rather rare, and this specialty embodied the fusion of these two subjects to the fullest. On the one hand, students in this direction deeply study languages, phonetic, grammatical, syntactic, morphological rules and patterns. On the other hand, in their studies, considerable attention is paid to the development of mathematical statistics, probability theory, logic, mathematical modeling.

The result is the study of languages ​​not so much at the literary level, but in the context of the laws and algorithms to which they obey. Therefore, graduates can engage in linguistic expertise, the development of electronic dictionaries, control systems and any other information products, for the quality of which the competent use of languages ​​plays a decisive role.

So, in the process of getting education, future linguistic experts master the following skills:

0, the number of budget places is 20, the form of study is full-time. Additionally, you will need to pass an exam in a foreign language at the university. Another good option is the Russian State Humanitarian University. Full-time training is also conducted here, 10 places are allocated for free training, and the passing score is 87.7.

We hope that we managed to stir your thoughts towards a successful choice of your future profession!

How fractions are read in English

Fractions in English: decimal and simple

Numbers are words with which we determine the number or order of objects when counting. We know that in English, as in Russian, there are cardinal and ordinal numbers. Now we will discuss how the concept of fraction is expressed in English (fractional numbers).

Simple fractional numbers

To understand the intricacies of using fractional numbers in English, you need to recall some information from the mathematics course. What fractions did you study in school? The correct answer is simple and decimal. It is in this vein that we will talk about fractional numbers.

Common fractions consist of a quantitative numerator and an ordinal denominator:

that is, it literally translates as one third and one half.

Please note that in such, if the denominator is the number 1, then we simply use article a instead of one. Examples:

If the numerator is more than one, the denominator is used in plural form:

In mixed numbers, the fractional part is added to the whole union and:

Nouns associated with a fractional number are used in the singular and with a preposition of:

Mixed-fraction nouns are plural and without the preposition of:

Decimal fractions in English

Now let’s talk about decimal fractions in English (decimal fractions). In Russian, we separate the whole number from the fraction using a comma in such fractions.

In English, a period is used for the same procedure.

Percentages and degrees

Degrees

An exercise

Translate the submitted sentences:

If you know how to correctly write and pronounce fractions in English, then you can be sure that the quality of your speech will improve significantly. Enjoy!

Numbers in English: ordinal, cardinal, fractional

Counting in English, as well as education and the use of cardinal and ordinal numbers are topics familiar to many English learners literally from elementary grades.

But fractions can cause real difficulties not only in the study of mathematics, but also in the study of English.

Fractions are not so rare in everyday speech and become especially important when it comes to some precise economic, industrial, medical and scientific data.

As many remember from the school mathematics course, fractions are divided into simple (1/3, 4/5, 5 4/5) and decimal (0.5; 3.16; 12.425). Let’s take a closer look at how each of these types is written and pronounced.

Simple fractions

A fraction consisting of a numerator and a denominator (1/8), separated by a bar, is called simple. Simple fractions, called mixed fractions, contain, in addition to the fractional component, an integer, for example, 9 1/8. When pronouncing such fractions, it should be borne in mind that the numerator in them is pronounced as a cardinal number, and the denominator as an ordinal number, for example:

Moreover, if it is possible to designate a fraction by means of the words a quarter and a half, then it is this that is considered preferable. That is, ½ should be called, for example, not one second, but one half.

If the numerator is represented by a digit that is greater than one «1», then the denominator must be in the plural:

If the fraction is a mixed version of an integer and a simple fraction (8 3/5), then first name the whole number, add the word and (and), and then pronounce the fraction in the usual order, for example:

The following table shows examples of reading simple fractions in English:

If after a fractional numeral that does not contain an integer part, there is a noun associated with it, then it is used with the preposition of, and stands in the singular, for example:

The transfer of nouns associated with mixed fractions (consisting of an integer part and a fractional part) is carried out without a preposition and in the plural, for example:

Decimal fractions

A fraction in which the whole and fractional parts are separated by a comma is called decimal (2,5). At the same time, an important difference between English and Russian with regard to decimal fractions is the fact that in Russian the whole and fractional parts are separated by a comma, and in English by a period, for example:

In Russian, such a dot serves to separate every three digits from right to left within a long number. In English, a comma serves a similar purpose, for example:

Decimal fractions are read as follows: after the whole part, the word is used point (dot) or decimal (decimal fraction), and then the numbers following the dot are named in order, for example:

If zero is used for the integer part, then it will be read as nought (nothing) in British English and zero (zero) in its American version, for example:

In the case when the integer part is equal to zero, it may not be read at all:

Zeros that appear after a period can be pronounced as «o» [əu].

The following table shows examples of decimal fractions:

Fractions in English

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We need fractional numbers to denote non-integer quantities, that is, the number of certain (second, fifth, tenth) parts of a unit.

In English fractional numbers are read differently depending on whether they are decimal or simple.

Decimal fractions

Ordinal fractions

The formation of these fractions is somewhat more complicated. For simple fractions, two rules work here:

If there is an integer part in the fraction, then it is added to the fractional part using the union and. Examples:

As for the percentages, as in Russian, they are indicated by the symbol% ​​(per cent):

Fractional numbers in English

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Numbers are words with which we determine the number or order of objects when counting. We know that in English, as in Russian, there are cardinal and ordinal numbers. You can read more about each of these groups in the articles of the same name on the blog. It remains to talk about fractional numbers in English (fractional numbers). How are these concepts expressed in the language we are studying?

To understand the intricacies of using fractional numbers in English, you need to recall some information from the mathematics course. What fractions did you study in school? The correct answer is simple and decimal. It is in this vein that we will talk about fractional numbers.

Simple fractions in English

What is the number of the noun accompanying the fractional number in English? The noun behind the fraction will be in the singular, and in front of it will be the preposition of:

If the noun is a mixed number, we use the plural noun:

Fractional numbers in english table

Any beginner to learn a foreign language cannot do without learning numbers. Proficiency in English opens up many opportunities and doors for a person, entering into which you can become an employee of a prestigious company, a student of the best university or a knowledgeable traveler. Of course, this requires deep knowledge, which consists in studying not only general provisions, but various nuances.

One of these aspects that requires a thorough study is grammar, and in particular English numbers, as they are often used in conversation. Numbers in English are relatively easy to learn. You can memorize them using interesting colorful pictures, clearly structured tables, funny songs and funny tongue twisters. In general, there are many ways, but the main thing is a stable result.

All numerals in English can be divided into two broad categories:

This article is devoted to the rules for the formation of English numbers, simple and decimal fractions, as well as how to say «first», «second» So, let’s start

How to form English numbers?

All numerals by the method of education can be divided into several classes:

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So we delved into English grammar and morphology a little.

Fractional

Fractional numbers in English, in contrast to Russian, are very often indicated with a dot: 2.5; 12.99; 135. 7. A comma is usually used by English speakers to write large numbers of numbers, dividing every three places from right to left, starting from one thousand: 1,000; 25,000; 74, 024, 199.

Download Tables of English fractional numbers

I wish you success and good mood!

Fractions in English

Good afternoon dear friends!

Are any of you interested in mathematics? Or maybe you have a technical profession or are you dreaming of going to a mathematical university abroad? Interested in learning about exact sciences in a foreign language? Then read the article fractions in English.

Let’s start with the ordinary

As we remember, there are two types: decimal (decimals) and ordinary (fractions). First, let’s remember the ordinal numbers?
Let’s start with the common ones. The question of how simple fractions are written in English can be immediately answered easily: exactly the same as in Russian, that is, they can be found with a vertical bar (3/8, 4/7) or with a horizontal one.

But how they are read in English is interesting. The upper, which we call the numerator, is always a cardinal number. That is, the one that we use when counting: three, five, seven. By the way, do you remember the lesson about introductory words?

The bottom, the denominator, or denominator, is always ordinal. That is, answering the question «What?» (first, fourth, fifth, tenth). As we remember, in order to form them, in most cases it is necessary to add –th to the quantitative. Except for first (first), second (second), third (third), fifth (fifth), where the form of the word changes.

Common simple fractions

Writing decimals

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How to read decimals

Now let’s see how this knowledge can be useful to you in real life. Let’s practice reading fractions and translating.

Translate the sentences presented:

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I have a special training lesson with exercises for you!

I was with you, a philologist of the English language, Ekaterina Martynova.
I wish you all a good day!

The fractions

Note! Vulgar fraction decimal (fraction) proper [improper] fraction

The decimal fractions

When reading a mixed number, the whole number of which is equal to one, the noun is used in the plural when it is read after the mixed number.

1 1/3 pounds (read: one and a third pounds or one (a) pound and a third).

When reading in decimal fractions, the integer is separated from the fraction by a dot.

A noun following a decimal is singular when the decimal integer is zero:

Counting in English, as well as education and the use of cardinal and ordinal numbers are topics familiar to many English learners literally from elementary grades. But fractions can cause real difficulties not only in the study of mathematics, but also in the study of English. Fractions are not so rare in everyday speech and become especially important when it comes to some precise economic, industrial, medical and scientific data.

As many remember from the school mathematics course, fractions are divided into simple (1/3, 4/5, 5 4/5) and decimal (0.5; 3.16; 12.425). Let’s take a closer look at how each of these types is written and pronounced.

Math Actions in English

The most common simple fractions.

Even if your professional activity is in no way connected with the exact sciences, you need to know at least basic mathematical operations in English. They are found not only in special literature, but also in films, books, and everyday speech. In this article, we will look at terms related to arithmetic problems, fractions, percentages. At the end, I provide the voiced flashcards with basic words on the topic of mathematics.

Please note that only mathematical terms are discussed here. If you’re looking for information on numerals, I recommend this article: Numbers in English.

Basic math in English: addition, subtraction, multiplication and division

The most common mathematical terms are related to arithmetic. Please note that in Russian we have words such as:

In English, the same is true, so we represent arithmetic operations in the form of a table:

I will give examples:

Often instead of equals or is equal to they just say is.

If your math is as “excellent” as mine, let me remind you the most basic thing about fractions.

Common fractions consist of numerator and denominator. Remember, the numerator is on top, the denominator is on the bottom

How to read English numbers correctly

Numbers in English are a topic for beginners at the most. We teach children to count almost from the very first days, as they begin to speak, so doing it in English is not a problem for us at all.

Despite this, many often forget that numbers are needed not only to count. We see them, read them and pronounce them in dates, football scores, meeting times, etc.

Such cases often cause a problem: how to pronounce a set of numbers correctly? Today we will try to deal with the most common problems.

Arithmetic operations

Table 2.

Instead of one, it is common to use the article “a”. For example, in numbers like 100 or 1/2, we say “A hundred” or “A half”.

Number squared, cubed, nth power

Table 3.

Twelve, or a dozen

For example: 12 eggs = «A dozen eggs.»

6 eggs = «Half a dozen eggs.»

Thirteen (damn dozen)

A deeper and more advanced level of language learning is to use in speech not only standard lexical constructions and phrases, but also specific terms. This includes fractions in English, since these structures are often complex.

As a rule, the numbers themselves in these numbers are familiar to the speaker, but the principles of reading here will be special, and it is important to follow these norms in order to correctly pronounce such constructions.

Therefore, it is important to consider what type of fractional numbers are in English, to give their varieties and reading features.

Main characteristics

As in Russian, the purpose of English fractional numbers is to show a part of a number, not its integer value. These structures are relevant not only in mathematics, but also in everyday life, therefore, it is necessary to remember once and for all the rules for the formation of such structures.

By their type, fractional numbers in English are of two types: common fractions and decimal fractions. The peculiarities of education and pronunciation of each type should be discussed in more detail.

common fractions

Simple fractions are those that consist of a numerator and a denominator. Examples of these are fairly common, so it is important to know how they are read.

Also, an integer can be added to such a fraction, which will be read normally. It is not superfluous to add that there are often displays using the words half and quarter:

decimal fractions

In the event that such a fraction starts from zero (there are two variants of this word: zero (Am.) And nought (Br.)), The word “zero” itself may not be pronounced, and the whole structure will begin with the word point. Here are some examples:

Having studied the above rules, it will be easy to figure out how to read fractions in English. It is necessary to pay attention to some specific cases of pronunciation and note the differences with the Russian language, so as not to make mistakes and not form both types of fractions by analogy with Russian.

Common and decimal fractions

Numbers translator: translate numbers into english

If you have any doubts about how to spell a particular number in words in English or Russian, use our translator for numbers. In order to make a translation, enter the required number in the form of numbers and the program will calculate its written form.

At the moment, the translator’s limitation is a limit of 18 decimal places (for integer values) and 18 decimal places (for translating values ​​containing a fractional part).

As you can see above, several English spellings are given for the number to be translated. With these, you can tell the difference between American English (AmE) and British English (BrE). For each of them, in turn, several spelling options can also be provided, which one to use in the text depends on the context of the sentence.

This program equally easily copes with the translation of numbers into text, both for English and Russian. Those. if you need to write a number in words in Russian, just enter it in numerical format and click the «Translate» button.

Notation

In addition to numbers, our program can also write various sums of money in words. In this case, the transfer is carried out immediately in three different currencies: rubles, dollars and pounds sterling.

— the button is used to switch between the modes «Number in words» and «Amount in words».

First of all, we focus on people learning English. language, but if this translator is useful to someone else (for example, when filling out business documents), we will be very happy.

Together with the «Sum in words» function, we have added automatic saving of translator settings. That. the next time you visit you will not have to select the number / currency mode again, everything will be ready for work.

Additional materials:

Ordinary fractions

Reading simple fractions is quite simple, and very similar to how we read them in Russian. An ordinary fraction has two components: the numerator (the number above the line) and the denominator (the number below the line). The upper number (numerator) is read as a cardinal number (how much?), And the lower number (denominator) is read as an ordinal (which order?). In this case, the numerator one can be read as the article a:

If the numerator is greater than one, then the denominator acquires a plural ending:

Remember that half when reading fractions is half, and a quarter can be read as (a / one) quarter or (a / one) fourth:

If there is an integer in the fraction, then it is associated with a fraction using the word and:

Reading decimals

First of all, it is important to remember that English decimal fractions use a full stop, not a comma. In English decimal fractions, we do not say the words: tenths, hundredths, thousandths, but simply call numbers. And when reading decimal fractions, the word point is said and each digit is called separately:

If there is no whole number, and there are numbers only after the dot, then they say nought or zero (in American English), or even miss zero in speech and writing:

Interest

Often percentages are indicated in decimal fractions: per cent [pəˈsent] (percent AmE). The word per cent is used in the singular:

The use of the word percents is possible only in relation to the school topic «Percents», but cannot be used with specific numbers.

Phone numbers, dates, and prices are also in doubt. It would seem that nothing complicated, but even the best students make mistakes when talking about these numbers. I recommend remembering the rules, and perhaps learning something new: Phone numbers, dates and prices in English.

See a mistake in the text? Select it and click on the arrow that appears or CTRL + Enter.

Pokemon, thanks! We tried to make the information as accessible as possible.

Ira, Maria, Fatima thank you for reading and giving feedback!

Anatoly, please clarify your question.

Thank you so much!!

Numerals in English. Numbers and numbers in English

Numbers in English have two functions:

Are they important; and if important, how much? It is easy not only to imagine, but also to check it yourself. For at least one day, try not to mention the exact information regarding:

Eventually, even talking about the weather gets a lot harder without mentioning temperature:

— How is it on the street?

— Colder than yesterday!

So, without delaying or putting it on the back burner, we get down to numbers and numbers in English.

Cardinal numbers in English

Simple numbers in English

They determine the score from 1 to 12.

Numbers in English

These are the so-called «Arabic numerals» used in the vast majority of countries in the world to write numbers in the decimal system.

Some features of the use of numerals in English

Most fractions in English use both cardinal and ordinal numbers. Cardinal numbers are used in the numerator of the fraction, and ordinal numbers are used in the denominator.

If the numerator is greater than one, then the denominator is plural:

Integers and fractional numbers in a numeral are connected by a union and:

To express complex fractions, the word is often used over:

Decimals are read as follows:

If a fraction is followed by a noun, it is placed in the singular form, and the preposition is used in front of it of:

If a noun follows a numeral consisting of a whole and a fractional part, then it is put in the plural form:

Using numerals in arithmetic

Arithmetic signs are read as follows:

Using numerals to indicate a telephone number in English

Each digit in the phone number is pronounced separately:

Numbers in English: rules of education, reading, memorization

Редакция Updated Nov 6, 2018

We are faced with numbers every day. House number, phone number, number of people who viewed your Stories, but not all of us know how to pronounce these cryptic numbers. It’s time to find out and finally learn them.

How to pronounce numbers in English correctly?

To pronounce the number correctly, you need to know the transcription.

Rules for the formation of numbers in English

Numbers in English are divided into:

Prime numbers are made up of one word.

Derived numbers consist of one word, but they have suffixes:

Composite numbers consist of several numbers:

How to form derivative numbers?

How to form compound numbers?

Formula of education: number of hundreds + and + number of tens and units.

Note that two-digit numbers are hyphenated (eighty-two, fourty-six).

Numbers up to twenty, tens up to 100, 1000, 1000000

We have already covered the numbers from 1 to 12. It’s time to study tens, hundreds, thousands and millions.

It is important to remember that three in 13 and five in 15 will change slightly in spelling and pronunciation.

100 in English is hundred. It is always preceded by an indefinite article a, but if it is a composite number (115, 178), then we put one.