Paul Getty was born in California in 1932. He was the son of John Paul Getty, the head of an oil empire and at that time the richest man in the world.

After college and a spell (период) in the US army, Paul joined the family oil business and moved to Italy. Despite his riches, this was a very troubled period in his life. Instead of involving himself in his work, he became part of the hippie drug culture of the 1960s and by the end of the decade he was a drug addict.

Tragedy followed. In 1971, his second wife died from a drug overdose, and two years later his son was kidnapped. Paul’s father refused to pay the ransom ($3 million) at first. Eventually he did pay, but only after the kidnappers sent him one of his grandson’s ears.

In 1986, he became Sir Paul Getty, as a reward for his services to British art and in 1996 he gave up his US nationality and became a British citizen. He died in 2003, aged 70.

(1) Paul’s difficulties began when he was in the army. T / F /

(2) His second wife died after taking drugs. T / F /

(3) Paul refused to pay the ransom for his son. T / F /

(4) Paul moved to England for health reasons. T / F /

(5) He bought some valuable works of art for his father’s museum. T / F /

(6) He was made a British citizen because of his services to the arts. T / F /

Расставьте слова, чтобы получились предложения.

1) the make I shorter used to skirt.

I used to make the skirt shorter.

2) was I it silly thought just.

I just thought it was silly.

3) want what you did to be when school you at were?

What did you want to be when you were at school?

4) a I to be lawyer wanted.

I wanted to be a lawyer.

5) become so why you did a primary teacher school?

So why did you become a primary school teacher?

6) rebel so was as I a, I opposite did the exactly.

So as I was a rebel, I did exactly the opposite.

Переведите письменно предложения на английский язык.

1) Сколько тебе лет на этой фотографии?

How old are you in the photograph?

2) Тебе нравилась школа?

Did you like school?

3) Потому что мне не нравился ни один (любой) из предметов.

Because I didn’t like any of the subjects.

4) Я думаю, она просто хотела унизить нас.

I think she just wanted to humiliate us.

5) Ты была «хорошей девочкой» в школе?

Were you a ‘good girl’ at school?

6) Это зависит от того, что ты подразумеваешь под «хорошая».

It depends what you mean by ‘good’.

Косвенная речь в английском языке тренировочные упражнения. Упражнения на косвенную речь в английском языке

1. Измените предложения с общими вопросами на косвенную речь.

2. Вы встретили бывшего соседа Уильяма. Он задает вам много вопросов:

Например: He asked me how I was. (Он спросил, как у меня дела.)

3. Выберите подходящую форму глагола в каждом предложении.

Ответы:

2. He asked me where I had been. (Он спросил меня, где я был.)

3. He wanted to know where my sister was. (Он хотел узнать, где моя сестра.)

4. He wondered what her husband did. (Он интересовался, чем занимается ее муж.)

5. He asked me how much I earned. (Он спросил меня, сколько я зарабатываю.)

6. He asked when I would pay his money back. (Он спросил, когда я верну ему деньги.)

7. He wondered why I had moved to another place. (Он поинтересовался, почему я переехал в другое место.)

8. He asked me where I was going. (Он спросил меня, куда я иду.)

9. He wanted to know why I hadn’t called him the previous month. (Он хотел узнать, почему я не позвонил ему в прошлом месяце.)

10. He asked what time he could call me. (Он спросил, во сколько можно мне позвонить.)

В English Language речь говорящего может быть передана с помощью direct и reported speech. Данные понятия в русском языке обозначают речь прямую и косвенную. Подобная тема, пожалуй, является одной из самых сложных в английском языке, так как содержит много правил. Однако, наша статья не только ответит на ваши вопросы относительно прямой и косвенной речи, но также позволит вам закрепить полученные знания на практике.

Прямая и косвенная речь в английском языке: упражнения на согласование времен

Прямая речь представляет собой чужую, переданную без изменений речь и оформляется следующим образом:

Косвенная выражая содержание фразы, но не сохраняя, при этом, особенностей стилистики владельца, чьи слова были переданы. Для передачи такой речи на письме важно учитывать следующие моменты:

При переходе грамматических форм английских глаголов в косвенную речь работает правило согласования времен.

Ниже даны примеры и упражнения на косвенную речь в английском языке.

My friends said, “We want to go to Madrid.” — Мои друзья сказали: «Мы хотим поехать в Мадрид».

My friends said that they wanted to go to Madrid. — Мои друзья сказали, что хотят поехать в Мадрид.

Alice said, “I am playing golf now.” — Алиса сказала: «Сейчас я играю в гольф».

Alice said that she was playing golf then. —Алиса сказала, что она играет в гольф.

Maria claimed, “Yon haven’t told us the whole truth.” — Мария воскликнула: «Ты не рассказал нам всей правды».

Maria claimed that he hadn’t told them the whole truth. — Мария воскликнула, что он не рассказал им всей правды.

My mum informed me, “Kate phoned you yesterday.” — Мама проинформировала меня: «Кейт тебе звонила вчера».

My mum informed me that Kate had phoned me the day before. —Мама проинформировала меня, что вчера мне звонила Кейт.

Jemma said, “My grandmother was watering the flowers.” —Джемма сказала: «Бабушка поливала цветы».

Jemma said that her grandmother had been watering the flowers. — Джемма сказала, что ее бабушка поливала цветы.

He asserted, “I will repair my table tomorrow.” —Он утверждал: «Завтра я отремонтирую стол».

He asserted that he would repair his table the next day. — Он утверждал, что на следующий день отремонтирует стол.

Упражнения. Переведите следующие предложения в косвенную речь.

Особенности перехода глаголов say и tell, модальных глаголов

Глагол to say в косвенном предложении меняется на to tell, только в том случае, если to say принимает после себя дополнение.

В английском языке в косвенной речи выполнить довольно просто, если принимать во внимание следующие нюансы:

Модальные глаголы must, need, ought to, а также модальные глаголы, стоящие в прошедшем времени, в косвенную речь входят без изменений. Остальные модальные глаголы изменяются по правилу согласования времен.

My brother said, “I can speak Russian.” — Мой брат сказал: «Я умею говорить по-русски».

My brother said that he could speak Russian. — Мой брат сказал, что умеет говорить по-русски.

Misha said to me, “You may phone me at 10 p.m.”— Миша сказал мне: «Ты можешь позвонить мне в 10 часов».

Misha told me that I might phone him at 10 p. m. — Миша сказал мне, что я могу позвонить ему в 10 часов.

My friend asked, “Shall I buy this book?” —Мой друг спросил: «Может, я куплю эту книгу»?

My friend asked if he should buy that book. — Мой друг спросил, не купить ли ему книгу.

Ann said, “I shall be in Moscow the day after tomorrow.” — Анна сказала: «Я буду в Москве послезавтра».

Ann said that she would be in Moscow two days later. — Анна сказала, что будет в Москве через 2 дня.

Переведите следующие предложения в косвенную речь:

Употребление наречий времени и места в прямом и косвенном предложениях

Наречия времени и места при обращении прямой речи в косвенную речь также претерпевают значительные изменения. В английском языке в косвенной речи упражнения на употребление наречий не будут представлять большой сложности, если учитывать тот факт, что они в косвенную изменяются, в соответствии с логикой.

Упражнения: переведите следующие предложения в косвенную речь:

Особенности употребления общих и специальных вопросов в косвенных предложениях

В косвенной речи в английском языке упражнения на общие и специальные вопросы руководствуются следующими правилами:

Упражнения на вопросы в косвенной речи в английском языке. Выполните перевод следующих предложений в косвенную речь:

Повелительное наклонение в косвенных предложениях

При переводе повелительных предложений в косвенную речь следует принимать во внимание следующие нюансы:

Если прямая речь выражает приказ или запрет, то глагол to say в придаточном предложении меняется на один из глаголов to tell, to order, to forbid и др. Если же в прямой речи отображена вежливая просьба, то в косвенной речи глагол to say меняется на to ask.

Выполните следующие упражнения в косвенной речи в английском языке:

Особенности употребления местоимений

Местоимения в косвенной речи изменяются, согласно требованиям логики. При замене некоторых местоимений меняется форма глагола.

Косвенная речь в английском языке. Упражнения на перевод местоимений:

Обойтись без косвенной речи никак невозможно, так же как невозможно изучать английский, не пересказывая тексты. Делайте это как можно чаще, не забывая о согласовании времен, и вы улучшите разговорные навыки автоматически. В заключение, предлагаем выполнить упражнения на косвенную речь в английском языке на уровне advanced для продолжающих. Некоторые упражнения взяты из учебника: Макарова Е.В., Пархамович Т.В., Ухванова И.Ф. Английский язык. Интенсивный курс

Косвенная речь в английском языке. Упражнения Reported Speech Advanced

Перевод предложений в косвенную речь (повторение)

Упражнение 1. Переведите повествовательные предложения в косвенную речь.

Упражнение 2 . Переведите общие вопросы в косвенную речь.

Упражнение 3 . Переведите специальные вопросы в косвенную речь.

Упражнение 4. Переведите повелительные предложения в косвенную речь.

Упражнение 5. Найдите ошибки в предложении.

Упражнение 6. Прочитайте диалог.

A.: Excuse me? В.: Yes…
A.: This chicken is underdone.
В.: What do you mean?
A.: It’s not cooked.
В.: Yes, it is.
A.: No, it isn’t.
В.: Look, that’s how we always serve it.
A.: Well, I don’t want it. And I won’t pay.
В.: You’ll pay whether you eat it or not.
A.: In that case, I want to see the manager.
В.: I’m the manager.

Используя косвенную речь, расскажите о ситуации. Напри­мер, начните так:
«I ordered the chicken. It wasn’t properly cooked. I told the waiter…»

Упражнение 7. Прочитайте текст и перепишите его, используя прямую речь.

Упражнения на Reported Speech (advanced)

Упражнение 8. Переведите предложения ниже в косвенную речь, используя глаголы:ask, beg, congratulate, thank, insist, offer, object, refuse, invite, suggest, complain, remark .

1.“Please, please, do as I say”, I said.

2. Peter, “I will pay.”
Alec, “Oh, no you mustn’t”.
Peter, “I insist on paying”

3.“Hurray, I’ve passed my exam!”
“Congratulations”, — I said.

4.“Many happy returns of the day”, we said.
“Thank you,” said the boy.

5.“Let us wait here till the rain stops,” I said.

6.“Oh, I’ve hit my thumb with the hammer!” Peter cried.

7.“Have an apple,” Mary said. – “No, thanks,” I replied.

8.“What about going for a walk?” he said. – “It’s quite fine now.”

Упражнение 9. Переделайте предложения с прямой речью в предложения с косвенной речью, используя глаголы: advise, remind, warn, invite, ask, encourage.

Медсестра спросила меня, ожидаю ли я доктора Грея, и пригласила меня к нему в кабинет (surgery).

Доктор Грей улыбнулся мне и спросил, что меня беспокоит. Я сказал, что ужасно переутомлен (be run down). Он спросил меня, поздно ли я ложусь спать (stay up late), и я сказал, что нет. Он поинтересовался, почему я не соблюдаю нормальный режим (keep regular hours), и я объяснил, что почти каждый вечер я встречаюсь с друзьями.

Доктор захотел узнать, как я провожу время, и я сказал, что в основном (mostly) я хожу на вечеринки. Доктор спросил меня, удается ли (have the chance) мне отдохнуть (to recover) в выходные дни, но я вынужден был признать (admit), что в выходные дни наши вечеринки длятся всю ночь.

Он спросил меня, курю ли я, и когда я сказал, что курю, доктор спросил меня, сколько сигарет в день я выкуриваю. Он был поражен, когда услышал мой ответ.

Тогда врач спросил меня, занимаюсь (take) ли я гимнастикой для поддержания своего здоровья (to keep fit). Я ответил, что для этого у меня нет времени.

1. “I can’t resist anything but temptation. ” (Oscar Wilde)

Oscar Wilde said that…

2. “It has long been an axiom of mine that the little things are the most important”(Conan Doyle)

Conan Doyle said that …

3. “The world is so full of a number of things, I’m sure we should all be happy as kings”. (Robert Stevenson)

Robert Stevenson wrote that…

4. “Always do what you are afraid to do” (Ralf Emerson, American poet and essayist)

Ralf Emerson wanted us….

5. “Never take anything for granted”. (Benjamin Disraeli)

Benjamin Disraeli asked us….

6.“If a man doesn’t make new friends as he advanced through life – he will soon find himself alone. A man should keep his friendship in constant repair.” (Samuel Johnson, English writer)

Samuel Johnson warned us that…

7. “If you want to be successful, you must look successful. ”(Thomas Moore, Irish poet)

Thomas Moore said if…

8. “Don’t anticipate trouble or worry about what may never happen. Keep in the sunlight.”(Benjamin Franklin)

Benjamin Franklin advised us…

9. “Every man has three characters: that which he exhibits, that which he has and that which he thinks he has. ” (Karr)

Karr thought that…

Упражнение 12. Перепишите шутку в прямой речи.

One day, when Jack the Patient came home from work he found his wife very annoyed about something.

Упражнение 13. Перепишите шутки в косвенной речи, не забывая про подчеркнутые слова.

Susan asked her mother …. Her mother answered …. Susan repeated the question …. Susan’s mother got angry and exclaimed that…. Susan came to the conclusion that….

— Daddy, can you write in the dark?
— Of course, I can.
— Then turn off the light and sign my report card (дневник), please.

Susan wondered …. Her father answered …. Then she asked him to ….

Вill: I saw the doctor last Monday about my loss of memory.
Tom: What did he do?
Bill: He made me pay in advance.

Mr Green: Last month a grain of sand got into my wife’s eye and she had to go to a doctor. I had to pay two hun­dred dollars for it.
Mr White: That’s nothing, last week a fur coat got into my wife’s eye and I had to pay two thousand dollars for it.

В заключение, устный тренинг по теме «Косвенная речь в английском языке. Reported Speech (advanced)».

Упражненеие 14. Переведите предложения, запомните свой ответ и проверьте себя.

ИЗМЕНЕНИЯ ПРИ УПОТРЕБЛЕНИИ КОСВЕННОЙ РЕЧИ

Must меняется на had to

Shall на should

Для лучшего усвоения рассмотрим следующие примеры:

Слова, употребляемые в прямой речи, могут меняться при использовании косвенной следующим образом:

Ago – previously, before;

Yesterday – the day before;

Today – that day;

On/next Friday – the following Friday;

Last month – the previous month;

The day after tomorrow – in two days’ time;

This weekend – that weekend;

Tomorrow – the following day / the next day;

Tonight – that night;

Рассмотрим изменение слов на примере предложений

‘ I`ll drink milk tomorrow.’ – He said he`d drink milk the next day.

Безусловно, нельзя заменять слова подобным образом во всех предложениях. Подобная замена имеет место только там, где она уместна и подходит по смыслу.

Так, например, рассмотрим предложение: She said, ‘I like to live here.’ Предположим, что она говорит о Лондоне. В косвенной речи ее слова можно передать по-разному:

She said she liked to live there – она говорит, что ей нравится жить там. (Соответственно предполагается, что вы сами не проживаете в Лондоне)

She said she liked to live here – она говорит, что ей нравится жить здесь. (Получается, что и вы проживаете, или на данный момент находитесь в этом городе)

На одном простом примере становится понятно, что переводя прямую речь в косвенную, просто необходимо обращать внимание на внешние обстоятельства и уже затем делать выводы, уместным ли будет то или иное слово или фраза.

При образовании косвенной речи из прямой, такие глаголы как ought to (должны), would, might, could, should – не изменяются.

ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ КОСВЕННОЙ РЕЧИ С WH–ВОПРОСАМИ.

Следует сразу отметить что wh–вопросы , это те, которые начинаются со следующих слов: Why, Where, Who, When, What и другие, начинающиеся на буквы wh.

Следует отметить, что большое количество вопросов в косвенной речи, начинается после основного глагола, который употребляется в прошедшем времени (Past Tense). Что же касается самого вопроса, то время в нем изменяется согласно вышеуказанным правилам образования времен.

Порядок расстановки слов в вопросах, которые относятся к косвенной речи, меняется:

Неправильнобудеттак: She asked what was the time.

Неправильныйвариант: He asked me how was my mother.

Глагол «to ask» (спросить), применяется в косвенной речи как с объектом, так и без него:

He asked me how my mom was.

He asked how my mom was.

Приведем еще несколько примеров для закрепления этого материала:

IF И WHETHER ПРИ КОСВЕННОЙ РЕЧИ

If и whether в косвенной речи употребляются только с общими вопросами (не с wh–вопросами), на которые могут быть только два ответа: нет или да.

При построении общих вопросов, используются все вышеуказанные правила, касающиеся согласования времен.

Whether, как и If, в английском языке обозначает частицу «ли».

Стоит отметить, что порядок слов в общих вопросах косвенной речи меняется, например:

ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ КОМАНД (ПРИКАЗОВ) В КОСВЕННОЙ РЕЧИ

При приказе (команде ) в косвенной речи употребляется сначала основной глагол, затем объект и инфинитив:

Что же касается отрицательной формы, то порядок слов тот же, за исключением того что перед инфинитивом ставится частичка «not». Например:

Tell, warn, instruct, order, command– основные глаголы, которые чаще всего встречаются в приказах косвенной речи.

УПОТРЕБЛЕНИЕ ПРОСЬБЫ (ЗАПРОСА) В КОСВЕННОЙ РЕЧИ.

Предложения. в которых мы употребляем запрос, несут в себе обращение к человеку с просьбой о чем-либо.

Would и could – слова, с которых начинаются запросы в прямой речи.

To ask (просить, спрашивать) – основной глагол, с которого, как правило, начинается запрос в косвенной речи.

‘ Could you pour me water, please?’ – He asked me to pour him water.

Но! Следует обратить внимание на то, что ни в коем случае нельзя путать просьбу с приказом, иначе вас могут неправильно понять.

He told me to give him the book – онвелелмнеотдатьемукнигу;

He asked me to give him the book – онпопросилменядатьемукнигу.

Помимо того, что необходимо различать приказ от просьбы, еще необходимо различать предложение от просьбы.

Так, например, предложение будет звучать следующим образом:

Просьба же будет звучать чуть иначе:

Найдите одно предложение с косвенной речью, в котором нет ошибок. Исправьтеошибкивостальныхпредложениях.

1. Mike told the policeman that he lost his identity card.

2. Jane said to Dick that Julia doesn’t live next to her.

3. She told the detective that she sees the thief in the house.

4. He said that he ate nothing since morning.

5. My girlfriend told me that she felt very bad, and she had a headache.

6. Tom’s boss said to him that he hasn’t done the work properly.

7. Anna said that she doesn’t want to wear her old dress.

8. Her brother told her that they will have plenty of time to do their work

Упражнения на отработку и закрепление косвенной речи в английском языке

Перепишите предложения в косвенной речи. Обратите внимание, какие предложения являются утвердительными, вопросительными или повелительными, всегда ли надо изменять время глагола в придаточном предложении.

1. He said, «I like this song.» He said __________.

2. «Where is your sister?» she asked me. She asked me __________.

3. «I don»t speak Italian,» she said. She said __________.

4. «Say hello to Jim,» they said. They asked me __________.

5. «The film began at seven o»clock,» he said. He said __________.

6. «Don»t play on the grass, boys,» she said. She told the boys __________.

7. «Where have you spent your money?» she asked him. She asked him __________.

8. «I never make mistakes,» he said. He said __________.

9. «Does she know Robert?» he wanted to know. He wanted to know __________.

10. «Don»t try this at home,» the stuntman told the audience. The stuntman advised the audience __________.

11. «I was very tired,» she said. She said __________.

12. «Be careful, Ben,» she said. She told Ben __________.

13. «I will get myself a drink,» she says. She says __________.

14. «Why haven»t you phoned me?» he asked me. He wondered __________.

15. «I cannot drive them home,» he said. He said __________.

16. «Peter, do you prefer tea or coffee?» she says. She asks Peter __________.

17. «Where did you spend your holidays last year?» she asked me. She asked me __________.

18. He said, «Don»t go too far.» He advised her __________.

19. «Have you been shopping?» he asked us. He wanted to know __________.

Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на употребление времен в русском и английском языках

1. We did not know where our friends went every evening. 2. We did not know where our friends had gone. 3. She said that her best friend was a doctor. 4. She said that her best friend had been a doctor. 5. I didn’t know that you worked at the Hermitage. 6. I didn’t know that you had worked at the Hermit­age. 7. I knew that you were ill. 8. I knew that you had been ill. 9. We found out that she left home at eight o’clock every morning. 10. We found out that she had left home at eight o’clock that morning. 11. When he learnt that his son always received excellent marks in all the subjects at school, he was very pleased. 12. When he learnt that his son had received an ex­cellent mark at school, he was very pleased.

Перепишите следующие предложения в прошедшем времени. Обратите внимание на зависимость времени придаточного дополнительного предложения от времени главного.

1. My uncle says he has just come back from the Caucasus. 2. He says he has spent a fortnight in the Caucasus. 3. He says it did him a lot of good. 4. He says he feels better now. 5. He says his wife and he spent most of their time on the beach. 6. He says they did a lot of sightseeing.7. He says he has a good camera. 8. He says he took a lot of colour photographs while travelling in-the Caucasus. 9. He says he will come to see us next Sunday. 10. He says he will bring and show us the photographs he took during his stay in the Caucasus.

Перепишите следующие предложения в прошед­шем времени. Обратите внимание на зависимость времени придаточного дополнительного предложе­ния от времени главного.

1. Mike says he is sure Ann and Kate will be excellent guides. 2. He says they have made good progress in English. 3. Oleg says that in a day or two several English students will come to pay a visit to their school and he will probably have to act as an interpreter. 4. Ann says she has just met Boris in the street. 5. She says Boris told her a lot of interest­ing things about his travels in the south. 6. Nick says he is going to the hotel to see his friends, who have just arrived in St Petersburg from the United States of America. 7. H е says they have not been in their beloved city for a long time. 8. He says they were friends at school. 9. He says he will take them to the theatre on Sunday. 10. They say they will write him a letter when they return home.

Раскройте скобки , выбирая требующееся время глагола.

1. My friend asked me who (is playing, was play­ing) the piano in the sitting room. 2. He said he (will come, would come) to the station to see me off. 3. I Was sure he (posted, had posted) the letter. 4. I think the weather (will be, would be) fine next week. I hope it (will not change, would not change) for the worse. 5. I knew that he (is, was) a very clever man. 6. I want to know what he (has bought, had bought) for her birthday. 7. I asked my sister to tell me what she (has seen, had seen) at the museum. 8. He said he (is staying, was staying) at the Ritz Hotel. 9. They realized that they (lost, had lost) their way in the dark. 10. He asked me where I (study, studied). 11. I thought that I (shall finish, should finish) my work at that time. 12. He says he (works, worked) at school two years ago. 13. Victor said he (is, was) very busy.

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в требу­ющемся времени.

1. I knew they (to wait) for me at the metro sta­tion and I decided to hurry. 2. I didn’t know that you already (to wind) up the clock. 3. I was afraid that the little girl (not to be) able to unlock the front door and (to go) upstairs to help her. 4. He says that he (to know) the laws of the country. 5. Sarie understood why Lanny (not to come) the previous evening. 6. She asked me whether I (to remember) the legend about a faithful lion. 7. He understood that the soldiers (to arrest) him. 8. He could not understand why people (not to want) to take water from that well. 9. I suppose they (to send) a dog after the burglar immediately. 10. He said he (to leave) tomorrow morning. 11. She says she already (to find) the book. 12. He stopped and listened: the clock (to strike) five. 13. She said she (can) not tell me the right time, her watch (to be) wrong. 14. I asked my neighbour if he ever (to travel) by air before. 15. The policeman asked George where he (to run) so early. 16. The delegates were told that the guide just (to go) out and (to be) back in ten minutes.

Употребите следующие предложения как прида­точные дополнительные, в роли главных используя предложения, данные в скобках. Сдвигайте времена в соответствии с правилом согласования времен.

1. You will fall and break your leg. (I was afraid) 2. My friend has never been to Washington. (I knew) 3. She never drinks milk. (I was told). 4. He is a very talented singer. (We were told) 5. They live a happy life. (We knew) 6. The children are playing in the yard. (She thought) 7. Her friend will come to see her. (She hoped) 8. Father has-repaired his bicycle. (He thought) 9. She knows English very well. (I supposed) 10. Our sportsmen will win the game. (We were sure) 11. He does not know German at all. (I found out) 12. She made no mistakes in her dictation. (She was glad) 13. He works on his English hard. (I knew) 14. She dances better than anybody else. (I was told) 15. My cousin has received a very interesting offer from his firm. (I learnt) 16. She will come to stay with us. (My aunt wrote in her letter) 17. He is painting a new picture. (We heard) 18. His new picture will be a masterpiece. (We were sure)

Переведите на английский язык, соблюдая прави­ло согласования времен.

1. Я боялся, что заблужусь в лесу. 2. Она знала, что мы никогда не видели ее картины. 3. Ученый был уверен, что найдет решение проблемы. 4.Язнал, что ты приехал в Санкт-Петербург, и полагал, что ты навестишь меня. 5. Мы не думали, что он так рассердится. 6. Мы вчера узнали, что она больна. 7.Он думал, что она не придет в школу. 8. Я знал, что моя сестра изучает французский язык, и думал, что она поедет в Париж. 9. Мне сказали, что ты мне звонил. 10. Я думал, что ты в Москве. 11. Я не знал, что ты уже вернулся в Санкт-Петербург. 12. Мы надеялись, что поедем в Лондон. 13. Учитель сказал, что наши друзья из Лондона прислали письмо. 14.Она сказала, что ее подруга пригласила ее в театр. 15. Мы боялись, что не купим билет в театр. 16. Мы увидели, что дети играют в песке. 17. Она сказала, что больше не будет купаться, потому что вода холодная. 18. Моя двоюродная сестра сказала, что любит оперу и будет рада пойти с нами в театр, хотя уже дважды слушала «Травиату».

Переведите на английский язык, соблюдая прави­ло согласования времен.

Передайте следующие повелительные предложе­ния в косвенной речи.

1.Oleg said, “My room is on the second floor.” 2. He said, “I am sure she will ring me up when she is back in St Petersburg.” 3. Misha said, “I saw them at my parents’ house last year.” 4. He said, “I haven’t seen my cousin today.” 5. “I don’t go to this shop very often,” she said. 6. Tom said, “I have already had breakfast, so I am not hungry.” 7. He said, “I have just received a letter from my uncle.” 8. “I am going to the theatre tonight,” he said to me. 9. Mike said, “I spoke to Mr Brown this morn­ing.” 10. He said to her, “I shall do it today if I have time.” 11. I said to them, “I can give you my uncle’s address.”

Передайте следующие повествовательные пред­ложения в косвенной речи.

The woman said to her son, “I am glad I am here.” 2. Mike said, “We have bought these books today.” 3. She said to me, “Now I can read your translation.” 4. “This man spoke to me on the road,” said the woman. 5. “I can’t explain this rule to you,” my classmate said to me. 6. The teacher said to the class, “We shall discuss this subject tomorrow.” 7. Our teacher said, “Thackeray’s novels are very interesting.” 8. She said, “You will read this book in the 9th form.”9. Nellie said, “I read ‘Jane Eyre’ last year.” 10. “My friend lives in Moscow,” said Alec. 11. “You have not done your work well,” the teach­er said to me. 12. The poor man said to the rich man, “My horse is wild. It can kill your horse.” 13. The rich man said to the judge, “This man’s horse has killed my horse.”

Передайте следующие повествовательные пред­ложения в косвенной речи.

Masha said, “I usually spend my holidays in і the south.”2. She said, “I spent my holidays in the Crimea last year.” 3. Boris said, “I go to the south every year.”4. Не said, “I am going to a ski resort tomorrow.” 5. Ann said to us, “They haven’t come yet.” 6. She said to us, “They arrived in St Peters­burg yesterday.” 7. I said, “I have been in London for a fortnight’s holiday. My friends in London sometimes invite me to spend my leisure time with them.” 8. Nick said, “I have never been to London. I think I shall go there next year.” 9. He said, “I shall not stay with my friends too long.” 10. He said to me, “They are stay­ing at the Grand Hotel Europe.” 11. He said, “They are leaving next Monday.” 12. The clerk said to them, “You can leave the key with the maid upstairs.”

Передайте следующие повествовательные пред­ложения в косвенной речи.

The mother said, “The children are in the nur­sery, doctor.” 2. “I have no time for lunch today,” said the boy to his mother. 3. “You speak English very well,” the woman said to me. 4. My brother said to me, “I am going to become a doctor.” 5. My uncle said to us, “I buy several newspapers every day.” 6. The teacher said to the pupils, “Next year we shall have six hours of English a week.” 7. He said to me, “I want to see you today.” 8. She said, “I am free tonight”. 9. Mother said to me, “I feel bad to­day.”10. The pupil said to the teacher, “I can do my homework after dinner.” 11. The teacher said to Jack, “You work hard, I know. You are a good boy.” 12. The old man said to the girl, “You can sing per­fectly. I think you will be a famous singer.” 13. My sister said to me, “You look very well, much better than you looked yesterday. I think you have recov­ered after your illness.” 14. “You are an excellent cook. Everything is so tasty,” my guest said to met 15. The student said, “I can’t answer this question. I don’t understand it.”

Передайте следующие повествовательные предло­жения в косвенной речи. Употребляйте любое суще­ствительное или местоимение в роли подлежащего главного предложения.

I shall come as soon as I am ready. 2. You will know that I have gone to the concert if I am not at home by eight. 3. I’ll come to the Philharmonic with you if you get tickets. 4. Five years ago there were no people living here at all. 5. I shall go skiing on Sunday if I have time. 6. They finished building this house only last week. 7. It will be so pleasant when Tom comes home. 8. I shall do it now if you like. 9. My brother was here early today. 10. It’s a pity you didn’t come earlier. 11. There will be an interesting lecture at our school tomorrow. One of our teachers will speak about Charles Dickens. 12. Last year I spent my summer vacation in the Caucasus. 13. I came to live in this town several years ago. 14. I’ll be reading you a story until it is time to go to bed. 15. I have read all about it in today’s newspaper. 16. It’s not funny if there is no money, sonny.

Передайте следующие повествовательные пред­ложения в косвенной речи.

“ When your turn comes, listen very carefully to what the doctor tells you,” I said to my grandmother. 2. “If you are in a hurry, we shall only do the first experiment,” the laboratory assistant said to me. 3. “I shan’t start anything new until I have finished this novel,” said the writer to the corre­spondent. 4. “When I get a job, I’ll buy you a warm coat,” said the boy’s father. 5. “If you spill the milk, there won’t be any for the cat,” my mother said to me. 6. “When you come to see me on Sunday, I shall show you my new dress,” she said to me. 7. “If Mary arrives before seven, bring her to our house for the evening,” said Jane to Henry. 8. “Don’t wait until I come. As soon as you finish the exercises, begin playing volleyball,” said the PT teacher to the pupils. 9. “As soon as Robert appears, ask him where he put the dictionary,” said Mary to her mother.

Tom said he would go to see the doctor the next day. 2. He told me he was ill. 3. He told me he had fallen ill. 4. They told me that Tom had not come to school the day before. 5. I told my sister that she might catch a cold. 6. She told me she had caught a cold. 7. He said that while crossing the En­glish Channel they had stayed on deck all the time. 8. The woman said she had felt sick while crossing the Channel. 9. She said she was feeling bad that day.10. The old man told the doctor that he had pain in his right side. 11. He said he had just been examined by a good doctor. 12. He said he would not come to school until Monday. 13. The man said he had spent a month at a seaside resort. 14. He said that his health had greatly improved since then.

Передайте следующие специальные вопросы в кос­венной речи.

Передайте следующие специальные вопросы в кос­венной речи, начиная каждое предложение со слов, данных в скобках.

Where is he going? (He didn’t tell anybody…) 2. Where has he gone? (Did you know…) 3. Where is he? (Did you know…) 4. When is he leaving school? (I wanted to know…) 5. Where does he live? (Nobody knew…) 6. When will he come back? (She asked them…) 7. Where did she buy this hat? (He wanted to know…) 8. How much did she pay for it? (I had no idea…) 9. Where did I put the book? (I forgot…) 10. Who has given you this nice kitten? (She wanted to know…) 11. Where can I buy an English-Russian dictionary? (He asked me…) 12. How long will it take your brother to get to Madrid? (He won­dered…)

Передайте следующие общие вопросы в косвенной речи.

I said to Boris, “Does your friend live in Lon­don?” 2. They said to the mam, “Are you living in a hotel?” 3. He said to his friend, “Will you stay at the Hilton?” 4. He said to me, “Do you often go to see your friends?” 5. He said to me, “Will you see your friends before you leave St Petersburg?” 6. Mike said to Jane, “Will you come to the railway station to see me off?” 7. She said to me, “Have you sent them an e-mail?” 8. She said to me, “Did you send them an e-mail yesterday?” 9. I said to Mike, “Have you packed your suitcase?” 10. I said to Kate, “Did anybody meet you at the station?” 11. I said to her, “Can you give me their address?” 12. I asked Tom, “Have you had breakfast?” 13. I asked my sister, “Will you stay at home or go for a walk after din­ner?” 14. I said to my mother, “Did anybody come to see me?” 15. I asked my sister, “Will Nick call for you on the way to school?” 16. She said to the young man, “Can you call a taxi for me?” 17. Mary said to Peter, “Have you shown your photo to Dick?” 18. Oleg said to me, “Will you come here tomorrow?” 19. He said to us, “Did you go to the museum this morning?”

Передайте следующие общие вопросы в косвенной речи, начиная каждое предложение со слов, данных в скобках.

Have they sold the picture? (I did not know…) 2. Do they know anything about it? (I wondered…) 3. Has Jack given you his telephone number? (She asked me…) 4. Is he coming back today? (I was not sure…) 5. Have you found the book? (She asked me…) 6. Are there any more books here? (The man asked…) 7. Did she go shopping yesterday (I wanted to know…) 8. Has she bought the dictionary? (He did not ask her…) 9. Does she know the name of the man? (I doubted…) 10. Did Boris see the man this morning? (I asked…)

Передайте следующие вопросительные предложе­ния в косвенной речи.

Восстановите прямую речь в следующих пред­ложениях.

I asked if they had taken the sick man to hospital. 2. I asked my friend if he had a head­ache. 3. I wanted to know when he had fallen ill. 4. I wondered if he had taken his temperature. 5. I asked him if the doctor had given him some medicine. I asked him if he was feeling better now. 6. I asked the man how long he had been in St Peters­burg. 7. I asked him if he was going to a ski resort in Colorado. 8. We asked the girl if her father was still in Moscow. 9. I asked the girl what sort of work her father did.

“ Do you like my pies, Ann?” asked her grand­mother. 2. “Stop shouting and do your home­work,” Tom’s mother said to him. 3. “What did you do at school yesterday, John?” said his father. 4. “Will you play the piano today, Helen?” asked her aunt. 5. My uncle said, “We shall visit you next week.” 6. “Don’t cross the street when the lights are red,” said the man to Nick. 7. “I borrowed a very good book from our library yesterday,” said Mike to his fa­ther. 8. “Come to my house tomorrow, Jane,” said Lena. 9. “Where are your books, Betsy?” said her mother.

Передайте следующие предложения в косвенной речи.

“ Lock the door when you leave the house,” my elder sister said to me. 2. “Have you received a telegram from your wife?” she asked Robert. 3. Mabel said, “Nothing will change my decision and I shall leave for Cape Town tonight.” 4. “Please don’t smoke in the room,” said the old woman to her nephew. 5. “I am shivering with cold,” said the girl.6.“I want to sit in the armchair,” said the boy. 7. The secretary said to me, “The delegation arrived in St Petersburg yesterday.” 8. “Open the window, please,” she said to me. 9. He said, “I shall light a fire and make myself breakfast.” 10. “Don’t run to the door when you hear the bell,” said the woman to her little daughter. 11. She asked me, “How long are you going to stay here?” 12. Mary asked me, “Will you spend your holidays in Moscow?”

Передайте следующие предложения в косвенной речи.

Father said to Jane, “Show me your exercise book.” 2. “What game are you playing here, boys?” said Kate’s aunt. 3. “Don’t make noise,” Tom’s mother said to him. 4. Helen said to Pete, “Did you play chess with your father yesterday?” 5. Kate said to her grandmother, “Help me (to) cook the soup, please.” 6. Mike said to the teacher, “My sister knows two foreign languages.” 7. Tom said to his sister, “I saw your friend at the library yesterday.” 8.“What have you prepared for today, children?” said the teacher. 9. The teacher said to the pupils, “Don’t open your books.” 10. Mother said to me, “You will go to the cinema tomorrow.”

Передайте следующие предложения в косвенной речи.

“ Tom, go to bed,” said his mother. 2. “I have never seen your toys,” said Nellie to Pete. 3. “Give me your French book, Nick,” said the teacher. 4. Ann said to Lena, “Look at my nice kitten.” 5. “We shall go to the zoo tomorrow,” said our grandmother. 6. Mother said to Pete, “Don’t forget to wash your hands.” 7. Nick said to his mother, “I am doing my homework.” 8. “I have learnt a long poem,” said Mike to the teacher. 9. “Don’t play in the street,” said the man to the boys. 10. “Why don’t you drink your tea?” my mother said to me. 11. “I saw my friend at the stadium yesterday,” said Johnny to his mother. 12. “When did you receive this letter?” my friend said to me. 13. “Will you play football with us?” said the boys to

Передайте следующие предложения в косвенной речи.

Передайте следующие предложения в косвенной речи.

Чтобы понять, что такое косвенная речь в английской грамматике, нужно разобраться для начала с тем, что собой представляет прямая речь.

Прямая речь — это фраза какого-либо субъекта, она звучит непосредственно из первых уст и заключается письменно в кавычки

Прямая речь представляет собой отдельное предложение, поэтому после того как открываем кавычки, первое слово пишем с прописной буквы. В английском языке после слов, указывающих кто говорит, ставится запятая. В то время как в русском мы ставим двоеточие:

He said, «I will return your book tomorrow.»

Косвенная речь является способом передачи слов, сказанных другим человеком, при этом передающий преобразует чужие слова грамматически и по смыслу, чтобы было понятно, кому они принадлежат, сохраняя при этом общее содержание сказанного.

He said that he would return my book the next day. Секреты английской косвенной речи

Косвенная речь — преобразованная прямая

В повествовательных предложениях английского языка происходит ряд изменении при превращении прямой речи в косвенную:

Следующая таблица с наглядными примерами поможет понять правила, что перечислены выше.

Главные предложения — это именно те вводные слова, такие как «Люк сказал», «она утверждает», «родители ответили» и т. д. Они сохраняют свою временную форму:

Таблица с примерами опять же поможет вам уяснить данное правило

Постепенно мы подошли к важному моменту грамматики, который необходимо разобрать для понимания, как образуется косвенная речь в английском языке. Я имею виду правила согласования времен английского языка в косвенной речи. Следующая таблица передает принцип перехода времен (в верхней колонке — время, которое используется в прямой речи, в нижней колонке — время, которое нужно использовать в косвенной).

На примерах рассмотрим, как может измениться время при преобразовании речи.

Английская грамматика строго регламентирует употребление нужных в том или ином случае временных форм. Дело в том, что каждая из них имеет свои особенности, через которые очевидна информация о периоде совершения действия. При переводе на русский язык, эти тонкости не так ощутимы, ввиду того, что русская грамматика отлична от английской.

Необходимые модификации в вопросительных и повелительных предложениях

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Reported speech.Exercises 5

Exercise 1. Choose the correct verb form using the sequence of tenses.

1. The doctor said to me that I (shall/should) rest for a week.

2. She says she (will come/would come) on time.

3. He said that he (is going/was going) to learn Spanish.

4. I say the weather (will be/would be) fine sooner or later.

5. He said that they (were/had been) friends at school.

6. I asked my sister what she (has/had) bought as a birthday present.

7. My cousin said he (can/could) ski very well.

8. Mother says to her son to (go/went) to the dentist.

9. He said that he (is/was) staying at Rites’ Hotel then.

10. I always say he (is/was) a very clever man.

11. She asked if her knowledge of French (is/was) good.

12. Kate said that she (has/had) many pets at home.

13. Jack said that he (wants/wanted) to And a new job.

14. He says to everyone he (has/had) just heard this news.

15. He said that he (lived/had lived) in Moscow many years before.

16. The teacher asked who (is /was) present that day.

17. The police warn the people that they (must/had to) be careful on the roads.

18. She said that it (is/was) a secret between us.

19. My friend says he (has/had) just returned from London.

20. Bob said he (will/would) leave soon.

Exercise 2. Put the following sentences into Reported speech.

А. Повествовательное предложение.

Подл. + said / told + that + подл.+ сказуемое в нужном прошедшем времени.

1. ‘ I’m going to the seaside soon,’ she said.

2. ‘ The film will be interesting,’ I hoped.

3. ‘ I have just bought the tickets to the cinema,’ she told us.

4. ‘ Breakfast is served from 7 till 9,’ said the waiter.

5. ‘ Everything must be ready in time, ’ he ordered.

6. ‘ I’m sorry that I lost your ticket’, he said.

7. ‘ It wasn’t me who took your glasses’, he said.

8. ‘ I’m sorry for making you angry yesterday’, he said

9. ‘ The weather is so cold but I haven’t got a jacket’, she said

10. A gardener is cutting the grass at the moment’, she warned

11. ‘ I can’t see you this evening because I’ve got a lot to do,’ Ann told me.

12. ‘ I ’m going to bed early tonight’, Caroline said

13. ‘ We don’t want to watch a film tonight’, the children said.

14. ‘ I won’t visit my friends this evening’, Sam told us.

15. ‘ I received a parcel this morning, but I haven’t opened it yet’, Tom said

16. ‘ We may visit our grandparents tonight’, mother said.

17. ‘ I need you to help me with the shopping’, mother said to me.

18. ‘ It was a good time for my family’, grandfather said.

19. ‘ I haven’t spoken to Mary since last year,’ she said.

20. ‘ I’d like to buy this coat’, he said.

B. Вопросительное предложение.

Подл. + asked + if (whether)/ в onpoc. слово + подл. + сказуемое в нужном прошедшем времени.

1. ‘ Does this bus stop at the next station?’ asked Helen.

2. ‘ Have you reserved a seat?’ I asked him.

3. ‘ Are you working now?’ he asked her.

4. ‘ Did you sleep well last night?’ I asked my mother.

5. ‘ Can you play the piano?’ the teacher asked.

6. ‘ Will you come again? she asked

7. ‘ Will you take the children to school today?’ he asked me.

8. ‘ Have you ever been to the British Museum?’ Mary asked him.

9. ‘ Does Mike like playing football?’ John wanted to know.

10. ‘ Were you waiting for us for a long time?’ she worried.

11. ‘ Why are you late?’ I asked her.

12. ‘ Where were you yesterday?’ his father asked.

13. ‘ Who has broken the window?’ the teacher shouted.

14. ‘ Where will we meet next time?’ I wanted to know.

15. ‘ What can I do for you?’ she asked.

16. ‘ Why are you smiling?’ he asked

17. ‘ When are you going to decorate the New Year tree?’ mother asked her son.

18. ‘ Where is the tourist information office?’ we asked.

19. ‘ Who called you today?’ he asked.

20. ‘ Where did you study?’ he wondered.

C. Повелительное предложение.

Подл. + asked/ ordered/ told + (not) to +’инфинитив.

1. ‘ Don’t touch anything!’ she ordered.

2. ‘ Lend me some money.’ she asked.

3. ‘ Look at this paper,’ he said.

4. ‘ Think well before you answer,’ he advised.

5. ‘ Don’t go alone in the evening,’ she warned.

6. ‘ Don’t lie to me!’ my mother said.

7. ‘ Come with me’, he suggested.

8. ‘ Don’t play with matches,’ his mother ordered.

9. ‘ Feed the dogs, please,’ he asked me.

10. ‘ Sweep the kitchen floor,’ she asked.

Exercise 3. Choose the right answer.

1. He wanted to know if I had been to the party

b. had already seen

c. has already seen

a. had never been

b. have never been

c. would be able

15. He said that. weeks had been the longest ones in his life.

20. Julia said that she had to leave.

b. at the moment

21. Ted asked if I. the drink.

22. The policeman asked what.

23. He said that he hadn’t had anything to eat.

c. at the morning

25. Kate said that she would see me.

a. the following day

c. in the next day

Exercise 1. 1. should 2. will come 3. was going 4. will be 5. had been 6. had 7. could 8. go 9. was 10. is 11. was 12. had 13. wanted 14. has 15. had lived 16. was 17. must 18. was 19. has 20. would

I. She said (that) she was going to the seaside soon.

2. I hoped (that) the film would be interesting.

3. She told us (that) she had just bought the tickets to the cinema.

4. The waiter said (that) breakfast was served from 7 till 9.

5. He ordered (that) everything had to be ready in time.

6. He said (that) he was sorry that he had lost my ticket.

7. He said (that) it hadn’t been him who had taken my glasses.

8. He said (that) he was sorry for making me angry the day before.

9. He said (that) the weather was so cold but she hadn’t got a jacket.

10. She warned (that) the gardener was cutting the grass at the moment.

11. Ann told me that she couldn’t see me that evening because she had got a lot to do.

12. Caroline said that she was going to bed early that night.

13 . The children said that they didn’t want to watch a film that night.

14. Sam told us that he wouldn’t visit his friend that evening.

15. Tom said that he received a parcel that morning but he hadn’t opened it yet.

16. Mother said that they might visit their grandparents that night.

17. Mother said to me that she needed me to help her with the shopping.

18. Grandfather said that it had been a good time for his family.

19. She said that she hadn’t spoken to Mary since the year before.

20. He said that he would like to buy that coat.

B. 1. Helen asked if that bus stopped at the next station.

2. I asked him if he had reserved a seat.

3. He asked her if she was working at that moment.

4. I asked my mother if she had slept well the night before.

5. The teacher asked if I could play the piano.

6. She asked if I would come again.

7. He asked if I would take the children to school that day.

8. Mary asked him if he had ever been to the British Museum.

9. John wanted to know if Mike liked playing football.

10. She worried if I/we had been waiting for them for a long time.

11. I asked her why she was late.

12. His father asked where he had been the day before.

13. The teacher shouted who had broken the window.

14. I wanted to know where we would meet next time.

15. She asked what she could do for me.

16. He asked why I was smiling.

17. Mother asked her child when he was going to decorate the New Year tree.

18. We asked where the tourist information office was.

19. He asked who had called me that day.

20. He wondered where I had studied.

C. 1. She ordered not to touch anything.

2. She asked to lend her some money.

3. He told to look at that paper.

4. He advised to think well before I answered/ before answering.

5. She warned not to go alone in the evening.

6. My mother told not to lie to her.

7. He suggested to come with him.

8. His mother ordered not to play with matches.

9. He asked me to feed the dogs.

10. She asked to sweep the kitchen floor.

Exercise 3. 1. b 2. b 3. с 4. a 5. b 6. с 7. с 8. b 9. a 10. b 11. a 12. b 13. a 14. с 15. b 16. b 17. a 18. с 19. b 20. b 21. a 22. с 23. b 24. a 25. a

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