How to connect to mysql database

PHP Connect to MySQL

PHP 5 and later can work with a MySQL database using:

Earlier versions of PHP used the MySQL extension. However, this extension was deprecated in 2012.

Should I Use MySQLi or PDO?

If you need a short answer, it would be «Whatever you like».

Both MySQLi and PDO have their advantages:

PDO will work on 12 different database systems, whereas MySQLi will only work with MySQL databases.

Both are object-oriented, but MySQLi also offers a procedural API.

Both support Prepared Statements. Prepared Statements protect from SQL injection, and are very important for web application security.

MySQL Examples in Both MySQLi and PDO Syntax

In this, and in the following chapters we demonstrate three ways of working with PHP and MySQL:

MySQLi Installation

For Linux and Windows: The MySQLi extension is automatically installed in most cases, when php5 mysql package is installed.

PDO Installation

Open a Connection to MySQL

Before we can access data in the MySQL database, we need to be able to connect to the server:

Example (MySQLi Object-Oriented)

Note on the object-oriented example above:

$connect_error was broken until PHP 5.2.9 and 5.3.0. If you need to ensure compatibility with PHP versions prior to 5.2.9 and 5.3.0, use the following code instead:

Example (MySQLi Procedural)

Example (PDO)

Note: In the PDO example above we have also specified a database (myDB). PDO require a valid database to connect to. If no database is specified, an exception is thrown.

Tip: A great benefit of PDO is that it has an exception class to handle any problems that may occur in our database queries. If an exception is thrown within the try < >block, the script stops executing and flows directly to the first catch() < >block.

Close the Connection

The connection will be closed automatically when the script ends. To close the connection before, use the following:

How to Connect to MySQL Database Clusters

MySQL is an open source, object-relational database built with speed and reliability in mind. Its large and active developer community has created many third-party applications, tools, and libraries that expand MySQL’s functionality.

You can connect to DigitalOcean Managed Databases using command line tools and other third-party clients. This guide explains where to find your MySQL database’s connection details and how to use them to configure tools and clients.

View MySQL Cluster Connection Details

You use your database’s connection details to configure tools, applications, and resources that connect to the database. To view your database’s connection details, click the name of the cluster on the Databases page to go to its Overview page.

You can view customized connection details based on how you want to connect to the database:

Public network and Private network (VPC) options generate connection details based on if you want to connect via the cluster’s public hostname or the cluster’s private hostname. Only other resources in the same VPC network as the cluster can access it using its private hostname.

The Database field updates the connection details based on which database you want to connect to.

The User field updates the connection details with the user credentials that you would like to connect with.

You can also choose to view the connection details in three different formats:

Connection parameters: Database information meant for application configuration, such as configuring connections for MySQL Workbench and Sequel Ace.

Connection string: A condensed string that you can pass to a client on the command line.

Flags: A complete mysql command that supplies the connection variables as individual flags.

By default, the control panel doesn’t reveal the cluster’s password for security reasons. Click Copy to copy connection details with the password, or click show-password to reveal the password.

Anatomy of the Flags Format

The connection string passes different parameters to MySQL via Flags. Here’s a high-level breakdown of what information those flags correspond to:

Other Flags: You can find a more comprehensive list of the flags you can pass to the MySQL command on the official documentation for MySQL at mysql Client Options.

Download the SSL Encryption

Each managed database comes with an SSL certificate. You can use this SSL certificate to encrypt connections between your client applications and the database.

To download your database’s SSL certificate, click the name of the cluster on the Databases page to go to its Overview page. In the Connection Details section, click Download CA certificate.

When you configure your client applications, you can use the certificate’s location on your local system. Each client application is configured differently, so check the documentation for the tool you’re using for more detail on setting up SSL connections.

Connect to the Database

You can connect and manage the database using a command line tool or an application that has a graphic user interface (GUI). In this guide, we show you how to connect to the database using the command line tools, mysql and MySQL Shell ( mysqlsh ), and the visual database management application, MySQL Workbench.

mysql is a simple SQL shell with input line editing capabilities, while MySQL Shell has more advanced features, like X DevAPI integration and multi-connection support.

To install the MySQL client on your local computer. We recommend either MySQL version 8 or greater, which lets you use the mysql command in a terminal.

To connect using the flags format with mysql using the doadmin user, paste the entire command from the control panel into your terminal:

You can also leave the password out when using the above commands and you will be prompted to enter it before you can connect.

When you successfully connect, the shell displays some information about the MySQL server and your prompt changes. Successful mysql connections look like this:

Once you’re connected, you can manage your MySQL databases via command line. The official MySQL documentation includes a guide to MySQL commands.

If you’re having trouble connecting to the database, you can troubleshoot the connection using our Support page, or you can reference mysql’s connection documentation.

To connect to MySQL database clusters using MySQL Shell, you need three things:

To install the MySQL Shell client on your local computer, which lets you use the mysqlsh command in a terminal.

You can also leave the password out when using the above commands and you will be prompted to enter it before you can connect.

When you successfully connect, the shell displays some information about the MySQL server and your prompt changes. Successful mysqlsh connections look like this:

Once you’re connected, you can manage your MySQL databases via command line. The official MySQL documentation includes a guide to MySQL commands.

If you’re having trouble connecting to the database, you can troubleshoot the connection using our Support page, or you can reference MySQL Shell’s connection documentation.

To connect to MySQL database clusters using MySQL Workbench, you need three things:

To connect to your MySQL database using a standard TCP/IP connection, open MySQL Workbench, then click the Database drop-down menu and select Manage Connections…. Click New in the Manage Server Connections window.

In the Manage Server Connections window, create a descriptive name for the connection in the Connection Name field, and then select the Standard (TCP/IP) option from the Connection Method drop-down menu.

Under the Parameters section, use the information from your database’s Connection Details section in the control panel to fill out the necessary fields.

If you want to connect using SSL encryption, click the SSL tab. In the Use SSL field, select the Require and Verify CA option. In the SSL CA File field, enter the path to your database’s SSL certificate on your local system.

Once you have entered the details, click Test Connection. If you receive the message Successfully made the MySQL connection, click OK to close the message, and then click Close in the Manage Server Connections window to save the connection configuration. If you receive an error, recheck that you entered your credentials correctly and then reattempt the test.

To connect to the database, select Connect to Database… from the Database drop-down menu. Then select your database connection from the Stored Connection drop-down menu, and then click OK. MySQL Workbench will connect to your database.

If you’re having trouble connecting to the database, you can troubleshoot the connection using our Support page, or you can reference MySQL Workbench’s connection documentation.

How to Connect to MySql

Connect to a MySql Server

To make sure MySql is up and running

MySql users are a combination of username and host name. Like this a user is bind to a certain host from where he can connect. Read this to understand how this works.

If MySql is running on a different computer as DbSchema, MySql should be configured to allow remote connections. This can be done during MySql installation or afterwords as described here

Use this if you forgot the password or to fix the missing login privileges.

Firewalls may block the connections. Read this for details.

A list of error messages and how you may fix them.

How to run MySql from docker container.

How to install MySql on Windows.

Enable MySql Service

Windows

Linux

Understand MySql User Names

If this is not the case, you should create an user with a the a host which is matching your host. Also check the chapter which is explaining how to enable remote connections ( disable bind_address in my.ini or my.cnf ).

Reset Password or Missing Privileges to Login

If you forgot the database user password you can follow this steps and reset it. From the MySql prompt execute: This will reset the password for the user ‘myuser’.
If you forgot completely the ‘root’ password and you cannot get in the MySql prompt, please follow this steps:

Enable Remote Connections and Grant Privileges

Enable Connections to Database through Windows Firewall

Open Windows Firewall by clicking the Start button Picture of the Start button, and then clicking Control Panel. In the search box, type firewall, and then click Windows Firewall.
In the left pane, click Advanced settings. Administrator permission required If you’re prompted for an administrator password or confirmation, type the password or provide confirmation.
In the Windows Firewall with Advanced Security dialog box, in the left pane, click Inbound Rules, and then, in the right pane, click New Rule.
Follow the instructions in the New Inbound Rule wizard. Make sure to select Add Port.
For the Port name use MySQL.
For the specific local port use 3306
Make sure to check off Allow the Connection
For When does this rule apply?
Put a check in Domain, private, and public.
Make sure to follow the directions above for creating an Outbound rule. basically the same way except you click Outbound Rules on the left pane.

SSL Connections

Common Error Messages

Run MySql as Docker Container

Guided MySql Installation on Windows

Download MySql from http://dev.mysql.com/downloads/

During the installation you have to enter the password for the database user root. Also you may want to enable access to MySql from remote computers

At this step set a firewall exception for MySql to allow remote computers to connect to MySql. The port number which is set here will be used also by DbSchema.

At this step you enter the root password and enable access to MySql database from remote computers :

How to connect to mysql database

For a client program to connect to the MySQL server, it must use the proper connection parameters, such as the name of the host where the server is running and the user name and password of your MySQL account. Each connection parameter has a default value, but you can override default values as necessary using program options specified either on the command line or in an option file.

Because there are no parameter options, the default values apply:

The default user name is ODBC on Windows or your Unix login name on Unix.

To specify the host name and user name explicitly, as well as a password, supply appropriate options on the command line. To select a default database, add a database-name argument. Examples:

For password options, the password value is optional:

On some systems, the library routine that MySQL uses to prompt for a password automatically limits the password to eight characters. That limitation is a property of the system library, not MySQL. Internally, MySQL does not have any limit for the length of the password. To work around the limitation on systems affected by it, specify your password in an option file (see Section 4.2.2.2, “Using Option Files”). Another workaround is to change your MySQL password to a value that has eight or fewer characters, but that has the disadvantage that shorter passwords tend to be less secure.

Client programs determine what type of connection to make as follows:

On Windows, the client connects using shared memory, if the server was started with the shared_memory system variable enabled to support shared-memory connections.

Otherwise, the connection uses TCP/IP.

Connections to remote servers use TCP/IP. This command connects to the server running on remote.example.com using the default port number (3306):

You can specify a port number for connections to a local server, too. However, as indicated previously, connections to localhost on Unix use a socket file by default, so unless you force a TCP/IP connection as previously described, any option that specifies a port number is ignored.

To cause the port number to be used, force a TCP/IP connection. For example, invoke the program in either of these ways:

For additional information about options that control how client programs establish connections to the server, see Section 4.2.3, “Command Options for Connecting to the Server”.

It is possible to specify connection parameters without entering them on the command line each time you invoke a client program:

Specify the connection parameters in the [client] section of an option file. The relevant section of the file might look like this:

Some connection parameters can be specified using environment variables. Examples:

For a list of supported environment variables, see Section 4.9, “Environment Variables”.

Getting Started with MySQL

MySQL is the world’s most popular open-source database. Despite its powerful features, MySQL is simple to set up and easy to use. Below are some instructions to help you get MySQL up and running in a few easy steps. We also explain how to perform some basic operations with MySQL using the mysql client.

The following instructions do not necessarily apply to versions of MySQL older than MySQL 5.7.

These are instructions for a fresh installation only. If you are already using MySQL and want to upgrade to a newer version, see Upgrading MySQL.

For legal information, see the Legal Notices.

For help with using MySQL, please visit the MySQL Forums, where you can discuss your issues with other MySQL users.

Document generated on: 2022-07-26 (revision: 73873)

Table of Contents

Installing and Starting MySQL

There are different ways to install MySQL. The following covers the easiest methods for installing and starting MySQL on different platforms.

Linux. The easiest way to install MySQL is to use the MySQL repositories:

For Yum-based Linux distributions like Oracle Linux, Red Hat Enterprise Linux, and Fedora, follow the instructions in A Quick Guide to Using the MySQL Yum Repository. If your system cannot use the MySQL Yum repository for some reason, follow the instructions in Installing MySQL on Linux Using RPM Packages from Oracle.

For APT-based distributions like Debian and Ubuntu, follow the instructions in A Quick Guide to Using the MySQL APT Repository. If your system cannot use the MySQL APT repository for some reason, follow the instructions in Installing MySQL on Linux Using Debian Packages from Oracle.

For SUSE Linux Enterprise, follow the instructions in A Quick Guide to Using the MySQL SLES Repository. If your system cannot use the MySQL SUSE repository for some reason, follow the instructions in Installing MySQL on Linux Using RPM Packages from Oracle.

For Linux distributions that do not support the MySQL repositories or the installation packages mentioned above, you can install MySQL using generic binaries:

See Installing MySQL on Unix/Linux Using Generic Binaries for instructions on installing the binaries.

After installing the binaries, following the instructions given in Initializing the Data Directory. It is especially important to note the random root password generated for you during the initialization process; see Initializing the Data Directory for more detail.

Next, follow the instructions given in Starting the Server.

Detailed instructions, as well as other methods for installation, can be found in Installing MySQL on Linux.

Microsoft Windows. The recommended way to install MySQL on Microsoft Windows is to use the MySQL Installer; see MySQL Installer Method on how to download and run the MySQL Installer. For a detailed explanation for each step of the installation wizard, see MySQL Installer for Windows.

If you have chosen to configure MySQL as a Windows service during the installation process, which is the default option (see Windows Service for details), the MySQL server will start automatically after the installation process is completed.

Detailed information regarding Windows installation, including alternative installation methods and instructions for troubleshooting, can be found in Installing MySQL on Microsoft Windows.

macOS. The recommended way for installing MySQL on macOS is to use the macOS installer package. See Installing MySQL on macOS Using Native Packages on how to download and run the installer package, and how to start the MySQL server afterward.

Detailed information regarding installation on macOS can be found in Installing MySQL on macOS.

Other platforms. For installations on other platforms (for example, FreeBSD and Solaris), as well as installation methods not covered above, see Installing and Upgrading MySQL.

Connecting to the MySQL Server with the mysql Client

Once your MySQL server is up and running, you can connect to it as the superuser root with the mysql client.

On Linux, enter the following command at the command line terminal (for installation using generic binaries, you might need to go first to the bin folder under the base directory of your MySQL installation):

You are then asked for the root password, which was assigned in different manners according to the way you installed MySQL. The installation and initialization instructions given above already explain the root password, but here is a quick summary:

For installations using the MySQL Yum repository, MySQL SUSE repository, or RPM packages directly downloaded from Oracle, the generated root password is in the error log. View it with, for example, the following command:

For installations using the MySQL APT repository or Debian packages directly downloaded from Oracle, you should have already assigned the root password yourself; if you have not done that for some reason, see the «Important» note here or How to Reset the Root Password.

For installations on Windows using the MySQL Installer and OS X using the installer package, you should have assigned a root password yourself.

If you have forgotten the root password you have chosen or have problems finding the temporary root password generated for you, see How to Reset the Root Password.

Once you are connected to the MySQL server, a welcome message is displayed and the mysql> prompt appears, which looks like this:

At this point, if you have logged in using a temporary root password that was generated during the installation or initialization process (which will be the case if you installed MySQL using the MySQL Yum repository, or using RPM packages or generic binaries from Oracle), change your root password by typing the following statement at the prompt:

Here are a few useful things to remember when using the mysql client:

Column names are case-sensitive. Table names are case-sensitive on most Unix-like platforms, but not case-sensitive on Windows platforms. Case-sensitivity during string comparison depends on the character collation you use. In general, it is a good idea to treat all identifiers (database names, table names, column names, etc.) and strings as case-sensitive. See Identifier Case Sensitivity and Case Sensitivity in String Searches for details.

To disconnect from the MySQL server, type QUIT or \q at the client:

Some Basic Operations with MySQL

Here are some basic operations with the MySQL server. SQL Statements explains in detail the rich syntax and functionality of the SQL statements that are illustrated below.

Showing existing databases. Use a SHOW DATABASES statement:

Creating a new database. Use a CREATE DATABASE statement:

Check if the database has been created:

Creating a table inside a database. First, pick the database in which you want to create the table with a USE statement:

The USE statement tells MySQL to use pets as the default database for subsequent statements. Next, create a table with a CREATE TABLE statement:

Data types you can use in each column are explained in Data Types. Primary Key Optimization explains the concept of a primary key. What follows a # on each line is a comment, which is ignored by the mysql client; see Comments for other comment styles.

Check if the table has been created with a SHOW TABLES statement:

DESCRIBE shows information on all columns of a table:

Adding records into a table. Use, for example, an INSERT. VALUES statement:

See Literal Values for how to write string, date, and other kinds of literals in MySQL.

Retrieving records from a table. Use a SELECT statement, and “ * ” to match all columns:

To select specific columns and rows by a certain condition using the WHERE clause:

Deleting a record from a table. Use a DELETE statement to delete a record from a table, specifying the criterion for deletion with the WHERE clause:

Adding or deleting a column from a table. Use an ALTER TABLE. ADD statement to add a column. You can use, for example, an AFTER clause to specify the location of the new column:

Use DESCRIBE to check the result:

SHOW CREATE TABLE shows a CREATE TABLE statement, which provides even more details on the table:

Use ALTER TABLE. DROP to delete a column:

See the Tutorial for more instructions on how to work with the MySQL server.

Other Important Tasks to Perform

Create more user accounts. root is a superuser account for administration of the MySQL server which should not be used for general operations. On how to create user accounts of various kinds, see Adding Accounts, Assigning Privileges, and Dropping Accounts.

Configure MySQL to be managed with systemd. If you have installed MySQL on a systemd platform using generic binaries and want it to be managed with systemd, see Managing MySQL Server with systemd.

Troubleshooting

The following are resources for troubleshooting some problems you might run into:

Other Helpful Resources

MySQL Reference Manual (select the version with the version switch)

Tutorial on using the mysql client program to work with MySQL

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