How to do cpr

How to do cpr

Do CPR on an Adult

Do Basic First Aid

Do CPR on a Child

Conduct a Head‐to‐Toe Exam During First Aid

Articles about Resuscitation (CPR)

Do CPR on an Adult

Do Basic First Aid

Use a Defibrillator

Check Airway, Breathing and Circulation

Tell if Someone Is Unconscious or Sleeping

Give Mouth to Mouth Resuscitation

Perform CPR on a Baby

Do CPR on a Child

Assess Level of Consciousness During First Aid

Check Someone’s Breathing Rate (Rate of Respiration)

Logroll an Injured Person During First Aid

Conduct a Head‐to‐Toe Exam During First Aid

Put Someone in the Recovery Position

Become CPR Certified

Become a Certified American Red Cross CPR and First Aid Instructor

Conduct a Secondary Survey of an Injured Person

Become ACLS Certified

Provide Rescue Breathing for a Child

Evaluate for Head Injuries During First Aid

How to Do CPR

Step-by-Step With Tips for Success

Rod Brouhard is an emergency medical technician paramedic (EMT-P), journalist, educator, and advocate for emergency medical service providers and patients.

Michael Menna, DO, is a board-certified, active attending emergency medicine physician at White Plains Hospital in White Plains, New York.

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is a hands-on emergency intervention used to restore breathing and a heartbeat in a person who has gone into cardiac arrest. Common causes of cardiac arrest are a heart attack or near-drowning.

CPR involves performing chest compressions and, in some cases, rescue («mouth-to-mouth») breathing. These techniques can keep blood flowing to the brain and other organs until medical help arrives. When oxygen-rich blood cannot get to the brain, brain damage can occur within minutes.

This article explains the basic principles and techniques of how to perform CPR. You can then consider receiving your CPR certification via an online or in-person training workshop.

What to Do If Someone Needs CPR

Ideally, everyone would be trained in CPR. If you’re not, you may be afraid to try to help someone in an emergency. Still, it’s always better to do what you can than to do nothing at all if it means potentially saving a person’s life. The American Heart Association recommends a slightly different approach to doing CPR depending on how well-trained you are:

CPR and COVID-19 Precautions

In January 2022, the American Heart Association guidelines were changed to advise healthcare providers to wear a respirator, like an N95 mask, along with other personal protective equipment (PPE) like a gown, gloves, and eye protection, when performing CPR on people with a suspected or confirmed case of COVID-19. Members of the public also should wear a well-fitting mask when doing CPR.

What to Do Before Performing CPR

Time is of the essence, but before you attempt CPR on someone, follow these steps:

Do You Give CPR to Someone Choking?

No, you use a different technique called the Heimlich maneuver to help someone who is choking. If a person is unable to breathe, cough, speak, or cry, they cannot move air. A foreign body blocking the airway needs to be removed by using the Heimlich. CPR would only begin if the person had stopped breathing and lost their pulse.

How to Do CPR

Once you have followed the above steps, here is how to perform CPR. Techniques vary slightly based on the age of the person. How to do CPR on an adult is different from how to do CPR on a toddler, and a separate technique is used for infants.

Adults

The following steps apply to adults and to children over 8 years old.

Children 1 to 8 years old

The procedure for giving CPR to a child between 1 to 8 is essentially the same as that for an adult.

Infants

What Each Step Does

Each step of CPR serves an important purpose. Here’s what each one does:

Asking If the Person Is OK

Before attempting CPR, it’s important to make sure the person actually needs it. If the person wakes up when you shake them gently and talk to them, don’t start CPR, but do get medical help right away, especially if they seem confused or are unable to speak.

Calling 911

Even if you end up reviving the person with CPR, they will need to be taken to the hospital by an ambulance as soon as possible.

If you don’t succeed, an EMT may be able to resuscitate the person with medical equipment, such as an automated external defibrillator (AED). An EMT may also be able to talk you through performing CPR steps while they’re en route.

Chest Compressions

Compressing the chest moves blood through the brain, keeping it working until the heart can get started again. It’s critical to keep the blood flowing without interruption. It is possible to revive someone with chest compressions alone (without rescue breathing).

Rescue Breathing

Formerly known as mouth-to-mouth resuscitation, rescue breathing is intended to use your own breath to fill the person’s lungs with air and restore their ability to breathe.

Rescue breathing has become one of the most controversial steps in CPR. The debate is ongoing about how much is enough (or too much) and whether it’s even necessary. If you do perform rescue breaths, make sure you know how to do it correctly.

How to Get Certified

You can get certified in CPR by meeting the requirements of a CPR training program. These programs are offered in-person, online, or as a hybrid of both.

Classes are typically completed in two hours, depending on which format you choose (as you can go at your own speed with online training). Once you have completed the class, you will be able to get a certificate.

CPR training courses are offered by hospitals, community centers, and national organizations such as the American Red Cross and the American Heart Association.

Not every CPR class is the same. There are CPR classes for healthcare professionals as well as CPR classes for the layperson. Before you take a CPR class, make sure the class is right for you.

Frequently Asked Questions

CPR stands for cardiopulmonary resuscitation. «Cardio» refers to the heart and «pulmonary» refers to the lungs. CPR is used when someone’s heart and breathing have stopped.

CPR was invented in 1960, when a group of three doctors combined mouth-to-mouth breathing with chest compressions to create the lifesaving procedures involved in cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

Most in-person classes can be completed in around two hours. If you opt for a class with an online learning component, you can go at your own pace. Once you’ve fulfilled all the requirements, you will receive a certificate.

The placement is the same as for adults—on the center of the chest, between the nipples. The difference is that with an infant, you use only two fingers instead of your hands to perform chest compressions.

American Heart Association. What is CPR?

American Heart Association. Hands-only CPR.

American Red Cross. CPR steps.

Merchant RM, Topjian AA, Panchal AR, et al; on behalf of the Adult Basic and Advanced Life Support, Pediatric Basic and Advanced Life Support, Neonatal Life Support, Resuscitation Education Science, and Systems of Care Writing Groups. Part 1: executive summary: 2020 American Heart Association Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care. Circulation. 2020;142(suppl 2):S337–S357. doi: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000000918

American Red Cross. What is an AED?

American Red Cross. CPR classes.

American Heart Association. History of CPR.

How to Do CPR – Step by Step Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Guidelines

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) is a lifesaving technique useful in many emergencies, including a heart attack or near drowning, in which someone’s breathing or heartbeat has stopped. The American Heart Association recommends that everyone — untrained bystanders and medical personnel alike — begin CPR with chest compression.

We all know that something is better than nothing. It is far much true when someone is dying near you. You should respond immediately instead of just standing there. Remember, the difference between your doing something and doing nothing could be someone’s life.

Here is some advice from the American Heart Association:

Untrained: If you don’t have any training in CPR, then provide hands-only CPR. That means continuous chest compression of 100 to 120 a minute until the medical team or ambulance arrive. You don’t need to try rescue breathing. Trained and ready to go: If you’re well-trained and confident in your ability, check to see if there are a pulse and breathing. If there is no breathing or a pulse within 10 seconds, begin chest compressions. Start CPR with 30 chest compressions and then give two rescue breaths. Trained but rusty: If you’ve previously received CPR training, but you’re not confident in your abilities, then do chest compressions at a rate of 100 to 120 a minute.

When to do CPR

Electric shock due to faulty electric lines/ circuits Drowning down the water Severe allergic reactions Severe difficulty in breathing because of a constricted or obstructed throat or a lack of air. Drug overdose Suffocation Disabling injuries

Why is CPR so important?

CPR alone can not restart the heart but, it can make sure the oxygenated blood flowing to the brain and other important organs until the medical team or ambulance arrives. The objective is to delay tissue death and to extend the brief window of opportunity for a successful resuscitation without permanent brain damage.

When the heart stops, the lack of oxygenated blood can cause brain damage in only a few minutes. A person may die within eight to ten minutes resulting from brain damage. In this case, the CPR can delay brain damage and eventually may save a life.

CPR may not ensure to save a life, but it can triple the person’s chance of surviving if someone starts CPR in the first minute or two. If you use an AED in those first few minutes, survival rates reach more than 70%.

How to do CPR

What’s the difference between a heart attack and cardiac arrest?

These terms are generally used interchangeably, but they are two different events.

A heart attack occurs when an artery supplying the heart with blood becomes blocked. This usually causes chest pain and leads to damage to some of the muscle of the heart. Some people may also experience neck and jaw pain, arm pain and for some, this may also feel like indigestion. A heart attack may cause cardiac arrest, particularly in the early stages, but this is not inevitable. The risk of cardiac arrest, however, emphasises the importance of calling for immediate help if anyone is suspected of having a heart attack, so that they can receive treatment to reduce the damage to their heart and reduce the risk of a cardiac arrest occurring.

A cardiac arrest happens when someone’s heart suddenly stops beating, and their breathing is abnormal or has stopped. It is an electrical problem caused by irregular heart rhythms called arrhythmias. Death occurs within minutes after the heart stops.

How to do CPR

If you see someone has collapsed, their heart may have suddenly stopped beating, and their breathing may be abnormal or has stopped. You need to act fast so they can have the best chance of survival. Without quick action, the person will die.

To learn how to perform CPR, watch our short animation video below. We also have versions of this animation in a range of language translations.

The steps you need to take to do CPR

Before you approach the person who has collapsed, check your surroundings for danger.

1. Shout for help.

2. Look and listen for signs of normal breathing.

3. Call 999.

4. Fetch a defibrillator if you can.

5. Start chest compressions:

6. If you have a defibrillator, switch it on and follow the instructions.

7. Continue CPR until:

By developing the skills and confidence to follow these simple steps, you could be a lifesaver in an emergency.

Healthdirect Free Australian health advice you can count on.

Medical problem? Call 1800 022 222. If you need urgent medical help, call triple zero immediately

healthdirect Australia is a free service where you can talk to a nurse or doctor who can help you know what to do.

How to perform CPR

Are you in an emergency situation right now? Call triple zero (000) immediately and ask for an ambulance. Start CPR as soon as possible after calling for help.

What is CPR?

CPR (short for cardiopulmonary resuscitation) is a first aid technique that can be used if someone is not breathing properly or if their heart has stopped.

Start CPR as soon as possible

CPR involves chest compressions and mouth-to-mouth (rescue breaths) that help circulate blood and oxygen in the body. This can help keep the brain and vital organs alive.

You should start CPR if a person:

How to perform CPR — adults

Watch this video from Royal Life Saving Australia about how to perform CPR on an adult, or read the DRS ABCD action plan and step-by-step instructions below.

Follow these steps before starting CPR. (Use the phrase “doctor’s ABCD” — DRS ABCD — to help you remember the first letter of each step.)

DRSABCD ACTION PLAN

Letter	Representing	What to do
D	Danger	Ensure that the patient and everyone in the area is safe. Do not put yourself or others at risk. Remove the danger or the patient.
R	Response	Look for a response from the patient — loudly ask their name, squeeze their shoulder.
S	Send for help	If there is no response, phone triple zero (000) or ask another person to call. Do not leave the patient.
A	Airway	Check their mouth and throat is clear. Remove any obvious blockages in the mouth or nose, such as vomit, blood, food or loose teeth, then gently tilt their head back and lift their chin.
B	Breathing	Check if the person is breathing abnormally or not breathing at all after 10 seconds. If they are breathing normally, place them in the recovery position and stay with them.
C	CPR	If they are still not breathing normally, start CPR. Chest compressions are the most important part of CPR. Start chest compressions as soon as possible after calling for help.
D	Defibrillation	Attach an Automated External Defibrillator (AED) to the patient if one is available and there is someone else who is able to bring it. Do not get one yourself if that would mean leaving the patient alone.

Carry out chest compressions:

Give mouth-to-mouth:

Give 30 compressions followed by 2 breaths, known as “30:2”. Aim for 5 sets of 30:2 in about 2 minutes (if only doing compressions about 100 – 120 compressions per minute).

Keep going with 30 compressions then 2 breaths until:

Doing CPR is very tiring so if possible, with minimal interruption, swap between doing mouth-to-mouth and compressions so you can keep going with effective compressions.

If you can’t give breaths, doing compressions only without stopping may still save a life.

How to perform CPR — children over 1 year

Use these instructions only if the child’s chest is too small for you to use both hands to do chest compressions. Otherwise, use the instructions for adult CPR above.

Watch this video from Royal Life Saving Australia about how to perform CPR on a child, or read the DRS ABCD action plan and step-by-step instructions below.

Follow these steps before starting CPR. (Use the phrase “doctor’s ABCD” — DRS ABCD — to help you remember the first letter of each step.)

DRSABCD ACTION PLAN

Letter	Representing	What to do
D	Danger	Ensure that the patient and everyone in the area is safe. Do not put yourself or others at risk. Remove the danger or the patient.
R	Response	Look for a response from the patient — loudly ask their name, squeeze their shoulder.
S	Send for help	If there is no response, phone triple zero (000) or ask another person to call. Do not leave the patient.
A	Airway	Check their mouth and throat is clear. Remove any obvious blockages in the mouth or nose, such as vomit, blood, food or loose teeth, then gently tilt their head back and lift their chin.
B	Breathing	Check if the person is breathing abnormally or not breathing at all after 10 seconds. If they are breathing normally, place them in the recovery position and stay with them.
C	CPR	If they are still not breathing normally, start CPR. Chest compressions are the most important part of CPR. Start chest compressions as soon as possible after calling for help.
D	Defibrillation	Attach an Automated External Defibrillator (AED) to the patient if one is available and there is someone else who is able to bring it. Do not get one yourself if that would mean leaving the patient alone.

To carry out chest compressions on a child:

To give mouth-to-mouth to a child:

Give 30 compressions followed by 2 breaths, known as “30:2”. Aim for 5 sets of 30:2 in about 2 minutes (if only doing compressions about 100 – 120 compressions per minute).

Keep going with 30 compressions then 2 breaths until:

Doing CPR is very tiring so if possible, with minimal interruption, swap between doing mouth-to-mouth and compressions so you can keep going with effective compressions.

If you can’t give breaths, doing compressions only without stopping may still save a life.

How to perform CPR — babies under 1 year

Watch this video from Royal Life Saving Australia about how to perform CPR on a baby, or read the DRS ABC action plan and step-by-step instructions below.

Follow these life support steps before starting. (Use the phrase “doctor’s ABC” — DRS ABC — to help you remember the first letter of each step.)

DRSABC ACTION PLAN

Letter	Representing	What to do
D	Danger	Ensure that the baby/infant and all people in the area are safe. Remove the danger or the baby/infant.
R	Response	Look for a response from the baby/infant — check for a response to a loud voice, or gently squeeze their shoulders. Do not shake the baby/infant.
S	Send for help	If there is no response, phone triple zero (000) or ask another person to call. Do not leave the patient.
A	Airway	Gently lift the baby’s chin to a neutral position (with the head and neck in line, not tilted). Check in the mouth for any blockages, such as vomit, an object or loose teeth, and clear it out with your finger.
B	Breathing	Check if the baby/infant is breathing abnormally or not breathing at all after 10 seconds. If they are breathing normally, place them in the recovery position and stay with them.
C	CPR	If they are still not breathing normally, start CPR. Chest compressions are the most important part of CPR. Start chest compressions as soon as possible after calling for help.

To carry out chest compressions on a baby:

To give mouth-to-mouth to a baby:

Give 30 compressions followed by 2 breaths, known as “30:2”. Aim for 5 sets of 30:2 in about 2 minutes (if only doing compressions about 100 – 120 compressions per minute).

Keep going with 30 compressions to 2 breaths until:

If you can’t give breaths, doing compressions only without stopping may still save a life

Using an automated external defibrillator (AED)

Using an AED can also save someone’s life. You do not need to be trained to use an AED since the AED will guide you with voice prompts on how to use it safely.

CPR training

We recommend you attend a first aid training course. It pays to have first aid skills because it will make dealing with an emergency situation easier.

St John Ambulance Australia offers a range of first aid courses and can be contacted at stjohn.org.au. To contact St John Ambulance Australia in your local area, call 1300 360 455.

Royal Life Saving Australia organises training courses in first aid and resuscitation in every state and territory.

Источники информации:

• http://www.verywellhealth.com/how-to-do-cpr-1298446
• http://www.trainingexpress.org.uk/how-to-do-cpr/
• http://www.resus.org.uk/public-resource/how-do-cpr
• http://www.healthdirect.gov.au/how-to-perform-cpr