How to install pkg ubuntu

How install pkg file in Ubuntu?

How do I run a PKG file in Ubuntu?

Open/Extract xar/pkg File on Windows

How do I install packages in Ubuntu?

Install Packages: To install a package, locate the package via the Not Installed Packages package category, by using the keyboard arrow keys and the ENTER key. Highlight the desired package, then press the + key. The package entry should turn green, indicating that it has been marked for installation.

What is pkg config Ubuntu?

The pkg-config program is used to retrieve information about installed libraries in the system. It is typically used to compile and link against one or more libraries. … On most systems, pkg-config looks in /usr/lib/pkgconfig, /usr/share/pkgconfig, /usr/local/lib/pkgconfig and /usr/local/share/pkgconfig for these files.

How do I install a Linux package?

To install a new package, complete the following steps:

No, you cannot simply run OS X applications on Linux. Yes, ark can open Apple pgk archives. Thanks.

What is the difference between APT and PKG?

APT, the Advanced Packaging Tool, provides commands used for most common operations: Searching repositories, installing collections of packages and their dependencies, and managing upgrades. … FreeBSD’s binary package system is administered with the pkg command.

What app opens PKG files?

Since PKG files are saved in plain text, they can be opened and modified with a text editor, such as Microsoft Notepad or Apple TextEdit, which are bundled with Windows and macOS. If you cannot open the PKG file with a text editor, you most likely have a different type of PKG file.

What means PKG?

Pkg. is a written abbreviation for package.

Click “File” from the Unarchiver menu, and then click “Unarchive to Current Folder.” Click the folder on your computer containing the PKG file from which you want to extract files. Click the PKG file to select it, and then click “Unarchive” to extract the files.

How do I run a PKG file in Ubuntu?

How do I run a PKG file?

How install pkg file in Ubuntu?

How do I run a file in Ubuntu terminal?

How do I execute a package in Linux?

run package, enter “sudo chmod +x FILENAME. run, replacing “FILENAME” with the name of your RUN file. Step 5) Type the administrator password when prompted, then press Enter. The application should launch.

How do I convert a PKG file?

How to convert pkg to zip?

What do I do with a PKG file?

The PKG files contain compressed installer files that are used to install Mac software applications onto a user’s hard drive. Oftentimes PKG files will also be used to update NeXT installer packages. The PKG file format was developed to help software designers create uniform installer applications.

What is pkg config Ubuntu?

How do I install a downloaded package on Ubuntu?

Open the installation package by double-clicking it from the Downloads folder. Click the Install button. You will be asked for authentication as only an authorized user can install a software in Ubuntu. The software will be successfully installed on your system.

What is Linux pkg?

Package Management Systems: A Brief Overview

How do I open a file in Linux terminal?

Following are some useful ways to open a file from the terminal:

How do you open a file in Linux?

Steps to write and execute a script

How do I make a file executable in Linux?

This can be done by doing the following:

How do I install a file in Linux?

How you compile a program from a source

Which command is used to install packages in Linux?

Apt. The apt command is a powerful command-line tool, which works with Ubuntu’s Advanced Packaging Tool (APT) performing such functions as installation of new software packages, upgrade of existing software packages, updating of the package list index, and even upgrading the entire Ubuntu system.

How do I become superuser in Linux?

Select one of the following methods to become superuser:

Package Management Essentials: apt, yum, dnf, pkg

Introduction

Most modern Unix-like operating systems offer a centralized mechanism for finding and installing software. Software is usually distributed in the form of packages, kept in repositories. Working with packages is known as package management. Packages provide the core components of an operating system, along with shared libraries, applications, services, and documentation.

A package management system does much more than one-time installation of software. It also provides tools for upgrading already-installed packages. Package repositories help to ensure that code has been vetted for use on your system, and that the installed versions of software have been approved by developers and package maintainers.

When configuring servers or development environments, it’s often necessary to look beyond official repositories. Packages in the stable release of a distribution may be out of date, especially where new or rapidly-changing software is concerned. Nevertheless, package management is a vital skill for system administrators and developers, and the wealth of packaged software for major distributions is a tremendous resource.

This guide is intended as a quick reference for the fundamentals of finding, installing, and upgrading packages on a variety of distributions, and should help you translate that knowledge between systems.

Package Management Systems: A Brief Overview

Most package systems are built around collections of package files. A package file is usually an archive which contains compiled applications and other resources used by the software, along with installation scripts. Packages also contain valuable metadata, including their dependencies, a list of other packages required to install and run them.

While their functionality and benefits are broadly similar, packaging formats and tools vary by platform:

Update Package Lists

Most systems keep a local database of the packages available from remote repositories. It’s best to update this database before installing or upgrading packages. As a partial exception to this pattern, dnf will check for updates before performing some operations, but you can ask at any time whether updates are available.

Upgrade Installed Packages

Making sure that all of the installed software on a machine stays up to date would be an enormous undertaking without a package system. You would have to track upstream changes and security alerts for hundreds of different packages. While a package manager doesn’t solve every problem you’ll encounter when upgrading software, it does enable you to maintain most system components with a few commands.

Find a Package

Most distributions offer a graphical or menu-driven front end to package collections. These can be a good way to browse by category and discover new software. Often, however, the quickest and most effective way to locate a package is to search with command-line tools.

View Info About a Specific Package

When deciding what to install, it’s often helpful to read detailed descriptions of packages. Along with human-readable text, these often include metadata like version numbers and a list of the package’s dependencies.

Install a Package from Repositories

Once you know the name of a package, you can usually install it and its dependencies with a single command. In general, you can supply multiple packages to install at once by listing them all.

Install a Package from the Local Filesystem

Sometimes, even though software isn’t officially packaged for a given operating system, a developer or vendor will offer package files for download. You can usually retrieve these with your web browser, or via curl on the command line. Once a package is on the target system, it can often be installed with a single command.

On Debian-derived systems, dpkg handles individual package files. If a package has unmet dependencies, gdebi can often be used to retrieve them from official repositories.

On On Rocky Linux, Fedora, or RHEL, dnf is used to install individual files, and will also handle needed dependencies.

Remove One or More Installed Packages

Since a package manager knows what files are provided by a given package, it can usually remove them cleanly from a system if the software is no longer needed.

Get Help

In addition to web-based documentation, keep in mind that Unix manual pages (usually referred to as man pages) are available for most commands from the shell. To read a page, use man :

Conclusion and Further Reading

This guide provides an overview of operations that can be cross-referenced between systems, but only scratches the surface of a complex topic. For greater detail on a given system, you can consult the following resources:

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Основы управления пакетами: apt, yum, dnf, pkg

Самые современные Unix-подобные операционные системы предлагают централизованные механизмы для поиска и установки пакетов. Программное обеспечение, как правило, распространяется в виде пакетов, которые хранятся в репозиториях. Пакеты содержат основные компоненты операционной системы, а также общие библиотеки, приложения, услуги и документацию.

Система управления пакетами, помимо установки программного обеспечения, предоставляет множество других функций и инструментов для модернизации уже установленных пакетов. Репозитории пакетов гарантируют, что код прошел необходимую проверку для использования в системе, и что установленные версии программного обеспечения были одобрены разработчиками.

При настойке сервера или окружения разработки лучше искать пакеты в официальных репозиториях. Пакеты в стабильной версии дистрибутива могут оказаться устаревшими, особенно если программное обеспечение быстро обновляется.

Управление пакетами является жизненно важным навыком для системных администраторов и разработчиков.

Это руководство охватывает основы управления пакетами: поиск, установку и обновление пакетов для различных дистрибутивов.

Системы управления пакетами: краткий обзор

Большинство систем управления пакетами строятся на наборах файлов пакетов. Файл пакета – это, как правило, архив, который содержит скомпилированные бинарные файлы, скрипты установки и другие ресурсы, составляющие программу. Также пакеты содержат ценные метаданные, в том числе их зависимости (список пакетов, необходимых для запуска программы).

Системой бинарных файлов FreeBSD управляет команда pkg. Кроме того, FreeBSD предоставляет коллекцию портов, локальную структуру каталогов и инструментов, которые позволяют извлекать, компилировать и устанавливать пакеты из исходного кода с помощью make-файлов. Обычно удобнее пользоваться менеджером pkg, но иногда предварительно скомпилированные пакеты недоступны.

Обновление списка пакетов

Большинство систем содержит локальную базу данных пакетов, доступных в удаленных репозиториях. Перед установкой или обновлением пакета рекомендуется обновить эту базу данных. Частичным исключением из этого шаблона являются yum и DNF, которые проверяют наличие обновлений пакетов перед выполнением некоторых операций.

Обновление установленных пакетов

Поддержка установленного программного обеспечения в актуальном состоянии без помощи системы управления пакетами – довольно трудоёмкое задание. Вам придется самостоятельно отслеживать обновления пакетов и извещения безопасности для сотен разных пакетов. Конечно, пакетный менеджер не решит всех проблем, которые могут возникнуть при обновлении программного обеспечения, но он поможет поддерживать большинство компонентов системы в актуальном состоянии при помощи всего нескольких команд.

В системе FreeBSD обновление установленных портов может потребовать ручной настройки. Прежде чем обновлять portmaster, рекомендуется ознакомиться с /usr/ports/UPDATING.

Поиск пакетов

Большинство дистрибутивов предоставляет графический или управляемый в режиме меню интерфейс для наборов пакетов. Он позволяет просматривать категории и искать новое программное обеспечение. Однако чаще всего самым быстрым и самым эффективным способом поиска пакетов является поиск с помощью инструментов командной строки.

Информация о пакетах

Принимая решение, как пакет установить, обратитесь за помощью к подробному описанию пакетов. Этот удобочитаемый текст часто содержит полезные метаданные: номера версий, список зависимостей и т.п.

Установка пакетов из репозиториев

Зная имя необходимого пакета, его можно очень быстро установить при помощи одной команды. Также в одной команде можно перечислить все пакеты, которые нужно установить.

Установка пакета из локальной файловой системы

Иногда разработчики или поставщики предлагают пакетные файлы для скачивания, даже если приложение официально не упаковано для данной операционной системы.

Как правило, такие пакеты можно загрузить при помощи веб-браузера или утилиты curl в командной строке. После загрузки пакета его можно установить с помощью одной команды.

В Debian-подобных системах индивидуальными файлами пакетов управляет dpkg. Если пакет имеет зависимости, которых не установлены в системе, gdebi может загрузить их из официального репозитория.

В системах CentOS и Fedora для установки отдельных файлов и обработки необходимых зависимостей используется yum и dnf.

Удаление пакетов

Менеджер пакетов знает, какие именно файлы предоставляет каждый конкретный пакет, потому с его помощью можно легко удалить все ненужные программы.

Получение справки

Кроме веб-документации системы Unix предоставляют удобный справочник, в котором можно найти информацию о большинстве команд оболочки. Чтобы открыть мануал, введите:

В справочнике можно перемещаться при помощи кнопок со стрелками. Нажмите /, чтобы искать по тексту страницы, и q, чтобы выйти.

Дополнительные ссылки

Данное руководство знакомит с основами управления пакетами в Unix-подобных системах. Более подробную информацию по этой довольно сложной теме можно найти по следующим ссылкам:

Package Management Walkthrough: apt, yum, dnf, pkg

In this tutorial, we will give you an overview of package management utilities on Ubuntu and Debian, Centos, Fedora, and FreeBSD. Once you install, say, Apache and Nginx, PHP, a MySQL database, all these systems start behaving similarly. The main difference is located in the tools for package management and that is how most newcomers to VPS boxes decide which server to run their sites and applications on.

What We Are Going To Cover

and for each of these will show how to

Prerequisites

If you want to try out the commands, you will need

Basic Functions of Package Managers

Windows users download their applications from web sites and each app is then responsible for the upgrades and security patches. Linux is different: all applications wait in so-called repositories to be downloaded and installed. Programs that download and install the packages are called package managers and each Linux distribution will have its own repository and the corresponding package manager. For more popular systems, such as Ubuntu, there are repositories for each major version, say, 14.04, 16.04 and so on. The so-called backport repositories may exist as well, when a newer version of the package, say from Ubuntu version 16.04, is ported “back” to the repository for Ubuntu version 14.04.

Unlike Windows users, on Linux you would not even care which version is installed. The package manager would choose the proper version and see to the rest of the process. Some software companies deliver installation files directly, on Debian for example, but there are lower level commands to handle such cases as well.

Package manager can search the repository so that you can see whether the package you want to install is there. It is also possible to test what would change in the system if you installed a package, which may be of vital importance in certain cases.

The same package manager can remove the installed package from system cache, and can also deinstall the app, completely. If there is a newer version in the repository then in the VPS, the package can be upgraded on the run.

APT for Debian / Ubuntu

For Debian-like systems, including Ubuntu, the basic high level package manager is called apt. Its lower level counterpart, for dealing with particular files is called dpkg. File type is .deb.

apt is a relatively new service, and gained prominence with Ubuntu 16.04. The name of the package manager that was used previously is apt-get. To make things even more confusing, the set of tools that Debian uses to manage packages is called APT — which is not the apt that we are talking here about.

apt was introduced to simplify package management for normal users. It has more default values and is easier to use than apt-get. apt-get, however, is not going anywhere and can still be used without problems. In this tutorial, we are going to use apt only.

How To Get Help About apt Package Manager

The command to read documentation about apt is

You will have the most popular commands at a glance:

How To Upgrade the Server

Package managers read files from the repository into the systems cache. The command is:

Run that on Debian box. Dozens of lines of output will be produced, ending with

Notice it says there are 3 packages to be upgraded. Run

to see the complete list.

Running the same upgrade command on Ubuntu 19.0 will produce a different outcome:

Under Ubuntu, there will be 65 packages to upgrade.

The entire server version will be updated with:

will perform full upgrade, which means that the conflicting package dependencies will be upgraded to the newest version, removing older or unused dependencies at the same time.

Update and Upgrade In One Line

Following along recipes for installation of software for your VPS, you will frequently see the following line:

which both updates and upgrades the server. That way, you are guaranteed to have the latest version of software for the installation.

Installing Software

You can search for the software to install:

The result may not be that usable, as it may consist of dozens of lines of available packages. You may want to copy the contents of the terminal window into a text editor and there search for the package name.

To install software, the command is:

For example, running

on Debian let me install one new module for programmins language perl, while on Ubuntu nothing needed to be installed as

apt cannot install software from a URL, but the lower level package RPM can. Installing from the repositories is always safer, though.

Removing Packages With apt

To remove a package:

apt will remove unused dependencies, but in case some still remain, here’s another command:

How to list all installed packages:

Yum Package Manager On Centos

yum is the package manager for Centos, a security oriented version of Red Hat Linux. File format is .rpm. yum installs or upgrades any package dependencies, which is the main benefit from using it. yum wil download packages from the official repositories, but you can also set up your own repositories on systems that do not have Internet access.

How To Get Help About yum Package Manager

The first screen lists all commands:

The second screen shows available parameters for yum:

How To Upgrade the Server With Yum

The update command of Yum both upgrades and updates the system:

Even if your server installation is just one day old, as is the case here, there will be something new to upgrade and install:

It will ask you for approval, once or twice; answer Y if you want the installation to proceed.

WARNING: For longer transactions, it may appear that the terminal is dead (nothing happens in its window). Be patient and wait it out. Otherwise, when another transaction is set in motion, Centos will ask you to finish the previous transaction first. Or, you can clean up with the command such as:

Installing Software With Yum

To search for an installable package:

Install a package with the following command:

NOTE: yum will ALWAYS install the latest version of the kernel.

Removing Packages with yum

Remove a package with:

yum includes three commands for removing the packages:

DNF Package Manager on Fedora

While Centos is a free version of Red Hat Linux, Fedora is like a laboratory for research and development for those two systems. As of Fedora version 22, DNF has replaced yum as the official package manager and it is likely that one day the same will happen on Centos. DNF should serve as the improved version of yum so the commands will be similar.

With DNF, maintaining groups of machines is made easier, so you do not need to manually update each one using rpm. It also

How To Get Help About DNF Package Manager

Here is a list of the main commands that it supports:

And this is the list of plugins and a partial list of optional arguments:

How To Upgrade the Server With DNF

To update and upgrade all software:

As usual, answer with Y when asked whether you want to proceed with the installation.

There also is a command

but you do not need to do this as DNF updates its cache automatically before performing transactions.

Installing Packages with DNF

Search for an installable package:

To install a package:

Removing Packages with DNF

To remove a package:

The autoremove command will search across the system and remove unused dependencies:

This is the warning it sent me:

so be sure to always add the name of the package you want autoremoved:

Differences Between apt and BNF Commands

Here is a comparison between apt and DNF commands:

Package Management With PKG On FreeBSD

FreeBSD has two ways of installing software:

The main difference is that pkg will install only the binary packages.

How To Get Help About pkg Package Manager

How To Upgrade the Server With pkg

Press Y when asked whether to install.

Installing Packages with pkg

Search for a package:

Install a package:

Here is what installing nginx looks like:

List installed packages:

Upgrade from remote repository:

Delete an installed package:

Checking Dependencies

Check for missing dependencies:

Remove unneeded dependencies:

Automatic And Non-automatic Packages

List non-automatic packages:

List automatic packages:

Change a package from automatic to non-automatic, which will prevent autoremove from removing it:

Change a package from non-automatic to automatic, which will make autoremove it be removed once nothing depends on it:

Security Advisories

Audit installed packages for security advisories:

And here is the result:

The audit command goes to the vulnerability database for FreeBSD and reads from there. Here is what it’s readable form looks like:

We should now wait for the upgraded version to appear and then use the upgrade command to patch it.

Dusko Savic is a technical writer and programmer.