How to install virtualbox on debian

2 Ways to Install VirtualBox on Debian 9 Stretch

Some of the highlights in the VirtualBox 5.2.x series:

Note that the stretch-backports repository currently includes Virtualbox 5.1. If you want the latest version, use Oracle repository. If you have installed a previous version, then stop all running instances of virtual machines before installing the latest version. After the upgrade, it is recommended that you also upgrade the VirtualBox guest additions installed inside your virtual machines.

How to Install VirtualBox on Debian 9 Stretch From Oracle Repository

Open up a terminal window and run the command below to switch to the root user.

Then run the following command to create a source list file for the Oracle VirtualBox repository. nano is a beginner-friendly command-line text editor.

You will be presented with the nano text editor. Add the following line into the file.

The public key allows APT package manager to verify the integrity of downloaded packages. Then all left to do is update local package index and install Virtualbox 5.2.

Once it’s installed, start it from your application menu, or run the command below to start VirtualBox from terminal.

How to Install VirtualBox on Debian 9 from strectch-backports Repository

The backports repository contains packages from testing and unstable branch that are recompiled on the stable branch. To enable stretch-backports, switch to root user and create a source list file.

Then add the following line to this file.

Save and close the file. Next, update the package index.

To install VirtualBox from stretch-backports repository, run the following command.

Troubleshooting

Sometimes you may see the following error when starting a virtual machine.

One of the cause is that you install virtualbox from stretch-backports repository and then install it again from Oracle repository. In that case, you need to completely remove one of them and install the other. For example, to completely remove the virtualbox from stretch-backports repository, run:

Then run the following command to rebuild virtualbox kernel modules.

That’s it! I hope this tutorial helped you install VirtualBox on Debian 9 Stretch. As always, if you found this post useful, then subscribe to our free newsletter to get more tips and tricks.

VirtualBox is an open source x86 emulator developed by innotek (bought by Sun, now Oracle) comparable to VMware. A proprietary extra package enhances the base experience, adding things like RDP access to the Guest. This page contains some how-to, tips and tricks when setting up and using VirtualBox.

Since version 4.0 the name suffix OSE became obsolete. All non-GPL parts are now packed in an additional extension pack available from Oracle.

Installing VirtualBox

Debian Sid/Unstable

For Sid, VirtualBox is available in the «contrib» section of Debian, only for the amd64 architecture, while the guest additions are in the «non-free» section of Debian. It can be installed as such:

Add the «contrib» and the «non-free» components to /etc/apt/sources.list, for example:

Update the list of available packages:

Install the virtualbox package, for instance:

Optionally install the extension pack with:

Debian 10 «Buster» and Debian 11 «Bullseye»

Packages for VirtualBox are not officially available in stable releases of Debian, due to lack of cooperation from upstream on security support for older releases. See 794466

However, new versions of VirtualBox are made available to stable users on a «rolling» basis by Debian Fast Track, a Debian project. This is currently available for Debian 10 and 11.

Add the Fast Track repository by following the instructions at https://fasttrack.debian.net/

Install the VirtualBox package with:

Optionally install the extension pack with:

Oracle Virtualbox third-party repository

Oracle packages VirtualBox for a number of Linux distributions themselves, including Debian. These are completely unsupported by Debian, but you may find them interesting if you need a new version faster than Fast Track provides, or wish to stick close to upstream.

See Oracle’s instructions on the VirtualBox Wiki.

Installing the Guest Additions on a Debian VM

This section documents installing the Guest Additions on a VirtualBox virtual machine with Debian, not a host system running VirtualBox.

If you want the Guest Additions ISO for your host, see the virtualbox-guest-additions-iso package, which is available in the «non-free» archive area on all Debian versions.

Debian Sid/Unstable

For Sid, the Guest Additions are available in the «contrib» section of Debian, only for the amd64 architecture. They can be installed as such:

Add the «contrib» and the «non-free» components to /etc/apt/sources.list, for example:

Update the list of available packages:

Install the relevant packages, for instance:

Debian 12 «Bookworm»

There are no packages, as of spring 2022, for the Guest Additions for Debian Bookworm in the repositories. In order to install the prerequisites to build the Guest Additions from the VirtualBox Guest Additions ISO, follow these instructions:

1. The appropriate kernel headers and build tools:

2. Mount the Guest Additions ISO and copy VBoxLinuxAdditions.run from the ISO’s location to your home folder.

3. Open a terminal and execute the following commands to install the guest additions:

4. Reboot the system and the VirtualBox Guest Additions should be installed!

Debian 10 «Buster» and Debian 11 «Bullseye»

Packages for VirtualBox’s Guest Additions are not officially available in stable releases of Debian, due to lack of cooperation from upstream on security support for older releases. See 794466

However, new versions of the Guest Additions (along with the rest of VirtualBox) are made available to stable users on a «rolling» basis by Debian Fast Track, a Debian project. This is currently available for Debian 10 and 11.

Add the Fast Track repository by following the instructions at https://fasttrack.debian.net/

Install the VirtualBox guest agent with:

If you don’t need X11 (e.g. you have a headless installation), you can install only the CLI utils with:

Starting

Desktop

In KDE, go to: KDE menu > System > Oracle VM VirtualBox

In GNOME, go to: Activities > List Applications > all (super + A) > Oracle VM Virtualbox

In Mate, go to: Mate menu > Applications > System tools > Oracle VM VirtualBox

In Xfce, go to: Application > System tools > Oracle VM VirtualBox

From an X terminal:

Server

You can start VirtualBox in Headless mode using VBoxHeadless like this:

You should run this inside a screen instance and detach the screen after starting the VM with Ctrl+a d. At least in version 4.0.x you won’t need to use screen. Just start the vm with:

and a VBoxSVC process appears in the background. You can loggoff without problems.

Troubleshooting

The character device /dev/vboxdrv does not exist

When starting VirtualBox, the following message is shown:

Load the VirtualBox kernel module (also load vboxnetflt in Debian Squeeze):

If the module is not found, refer to Installation to provide a virtualbox-dkms* package to your system.

You are not a member of the «vboxusers» group

As stated by VirtualBox:

Add your user account to the vboxusers group via adduser(8), as described in Installation:

Reboot your system to apply the group membership change.

Kernel driver not installed (rc=-1908)

You receive the following message

-1909 VERR VM DRIVER NOT ACCESSIBLE

RDP not working out of the box?

To get RDP working you need to install the VirtualBox Extensions Pack from the vendors website VirtualBox Downloads.

Simply download the extensions pack, click «File» => «Preferences» => «Extensions» => «Down arrow». Select the file you downloaded above. Click «OK». Restart VirtualBox.

Loading VirtualBox kernel modules. modprobe vboxdrv failed

When installing VirtualBox, the following message is shown:

It is because Secure Boot is enable, you have to sign yourself the kernel modules to be able to load them.

See instructions to sign kernel modules with a Machine Owner Key at: https://wiki.debian.org/SecureBoot#MOK_-_Machine_Owner_Key

You can also deactivate the secure boot in your bios.

Tips & Tricks

Switching consoles

The normal way to switch consoles in Linux is to use the ctrl-alt-Fx key combination. This does not work for a VirtualBox virtual machine (VM); it will switch consoles for the host system instead.

You should use -Fx instead, where is the key defined in File->Preferences->Input.

This also works for ctrl-alt-del and ctrl-alt-backspace

This is documented in the VirtualBox user manual in the section «Keyboard and mouse support in virtual machines», subsection «Typing special characters».

(An alternative method to switch between text consoles is to use alt-left and alt-right, but that does not work for graphical consoles like XOrg or DirectFB.)

How to remotely start virtual machines using VNC

See Also

It is possible to use Veewee to automate the creation of Debian guests images for VirtualBox

External Links

Describe shared folders feature (user needs to be in vboxsf group)

?Обсуждения

VirtualBox представляет собой эмулятор x86, разрабатываемый innotek (в последствии купленной Sun/Oracle), который является аналогом VMware. Версия VirtualBox Open Source Edition (OSE) является «свободной» и распространяется под лицензией GNU General Public License (GPL).

Это достаточно новый продукт, в связи с этим у него есть несколько незначительных недостатков. Однако в целом это стабильный, надёжный и очень быстрый эмулятор. Он успешно прошёл все тесты по установке с использованием «Установщика Дебиан».

Данная страница содержит несколько руководств, подсказок и трюков по настройке и использованию VirtualBox OSE.|

Установка

Имеется пакет VirtualBox OSE 1.6.6 для Debian Lenny. Он также доступен в backports для Debian Etch. В репозитории testing лежит пакет VirtualBox OSE 3.1.4

Lenny

Следуя руководству по udev перезагрузите установленные правила. (Обратите внимание на баг 509014):

Загрузите модуль ядра для VirtualBox:

Добавьте свою учётную запись пользователя у группу vboxusers:

Вам нужно заново зайти под учётной записью, чтобы изменения вступили в силу.

VirtualBox OSE может быть запущен started.

Для загрузки модуля vboxdrv при запуске системы необходимо отредактировать файл /etc/default/virtualbox-ose и установить LOAD_VBOXDRV_MODULE to 1.

Lenny Backports

Чтобы модули VirtualBox OSE не грузились при запуске системы, надо отредактировать файл /etc/default/virtualbox-ose и установить значение переменной LOAD_VBOXDRV_MODULE в 0.

Соберите и установите пакет virtualbox-ose-modules-* для Вашей системы используя Module-Assistant:

Добавьте своего пользователя в группу vboxusers: Перелогиньтесь для вступления изменений в силу.

Для автоматической загрузки модуля vboxdrv при запуске системы, отредактируйте файл /etc/default/virtualbox-ose и установите переменную LOAD_VBOXDRV_MODULE в 1.

Squeeze

Обновите список доступных пакетов. Установите пакеты linux-headers, virtualbox-ose, virtualbox-ose-dkms и virtualbox-ose-qt:

DKMS соберёт модули VirtualBox для Вашего ядра.

Для предотвращения загрузки модулей VirtualBox при старте системы, отредактируйте файл /etc/default/virtualbox-ose и установите значение переменной LOAD_VBOXDRV_MODULE в ноль.

Запуск

Десктоп

В KDE: KDE menu > System >VirtualBox OSE

В GNOME: GNOME menu > Applications > System tools >VirtualBox OSE

Запуск из терминала:

Сервер

Вы можете запустить VirtualBox в режиме Headless следующим образом:

Это следует запускать внутри существующего экрана, а затем отсоединять его после старта виртуальной машины с помощью Ctrl+a d.

Диагностика

The character device /dev/vboxdrv does not exist (устройство /dev/vboxdrv не существует)

При запуске VirtualBox OSE появляет следующее сообщение:

Загрузите модуль VirtualBox OSE (в Debian Squeeze также надо загрузить vboxnetflt ).

Если модуль не найден, обратитесь к разделу Установки для установки virtualbox-ose-modules-*. Для загрузки необходимых модулей при загрузке системы, отредактируйте файл /etc/default/virtualbox-ose и установите LOAD_VBOXDRV_MODULE в единицу.

You are not a member of the «vboxusers» group (Вы не являетесь членом группы «vboxusers»)

При старте VirtualBox OSE появляется сообщение:

Для устранения данной проблемы необходимо добавить Вашего пользователя в группу «vboxusers», используя adduser(8), как описано в Установке:

Перелогиньтесь, чтобы изменения вступили в силу.

/dev/vboxdrv not writable for some reason

Сообщение выдаваемое VirtualBox OSE:

Файл /dev/vboxdrv имеет следующие настройки:

Это известная проблема в версии для Lenny.(Debian bug 509014). Для её решения, следуя инструкциям udevd(8), загрузите правило, находящееся в /etc/udev/rules.d/z60_virtualbox-ose.rules и перезагрузите VirtualBox OSE модуль:

32 битное окружение в ядре amd64

-1909 VERR VM DRIVER NOT ACCESSIBLE

VERR_SUPDRV_INTERFACE_NOT_SUPPORTED (bridged network)

С VirtualBox OSE 2.2.0 мост-интерфейс может не работать

Убедитесь, что установленный пакет virtualbox-ose-modules-* соответствует версии, доступной в репозитории testing. В случае не соответствия, соберите и установите пакет virtualbox-ose-modules-*, используя Module-Assistant.

Could not find VirtualBox installation

Нижеприведённое сообщение отображется в консоли при попытке запуска VirtualBox:

Решение: создайте файл > со следующим содержимым:

Подсказки и советы

Переключение консолей

Обычным способом переключения виртуальных консолей в Linux является комбинация клавиш Ctrl-Alt-Fx. Это не сработает в VirtualBox, комбинация клавиш будет переключать консоли хост-системы.

Для переключения консолей гостевой системы следует использовать сочетание -Fx, где клавиша объявленная в File->Preferences->Input.

Этот прием так же работает для сочетаний ctrl-alt-del и ctrl-alt-backspace. Подробности описаны в VirtualBox user manual в разделе «Keyboard and mouse support in virtual machines», подраздел «Typing special characters».

Так же, для переключения между консолями можно воспользоваться сочетанием alt-left и alt-right, но этот метод не будет работать для графических консолей таких как XOrg или DirectFB.

Настройка интернет моста (VirtualBox

По умолчанию VirtualBox использует NAT для сетевых интерфейсов виртуальных машин и использовать внутренний сервер DHCP для получения IP адреса. Это хорошо работает, но недостаток в том, что машина не будет иметь видна снаружи В.М. IP адрес и поэтому вы не можете подключиться к нему из системы хоста или из других систем.

By attaching the VM’s interface to «Host Interface» and creating a bridge on the host system, the VM can be made visible on the local network. This also allows to do fun stuff like netbooting the VM (boot from LAN using PXE). It is comparable to the «bridged networking» option in VMWare.

NB To use a wireless host device you need one that has support for Master mode (eg. it can be used as an access point, afaik only the Atheros and Prism drivers has this support)

Preparation

First install the bridge-utils package.

Next, change the network configuration of the host system so that the network interface becomes part of a bridge. Note that this requires restarting the network, so be careful when doing this on a remote system!

Change the file /etc/network/interfaces to look something like this:

In this example the bridge gets its IP address and configuration from DHCP. For static configuration information, see bridge-utils-interfaces(5) (Lenny) or /usr/share/doc/bridge-utils/README.Debian.gz (Etch).

Restart the networking of the host system using:

After this brctl show should show the bridge and ifconfig should show the bridge has the host’s IP address.

It is also necessary for your user to own the device /dev/net/tun.

Run the following command to change the owner of that device:

If you have built your own kernel/modules then ensure the host machine has the vboxnetflt driver loaded.

Configuring the VirtualBox VM

There are different ways the TAP interface for the VM can be created:

See also the chapter on «Virtual networking» in the VirtualBox user manual.

Static interfaces

In this case you only need to «define» an interface for use by a particular user once. All defined interfaces are «remembered» in the file /etc/vbox/interfaces and recreated by the VirtualBox init script every time the host system is booted.

Example to create an interface for a user:

You can of course create multiple interfaces per users, but all interfaces should have unique names.

To configure the VM to use static bridged networking, go to the «network» page of the VM’s settings and change the following fields:

Attached to: Host Interface

Interface Name: vbox0

Dynamic interfaces (on demand)

Пример ниже показывает второй метод. Этот пример позволит вам использовать несколько ВМ, но сценарий предполагает, что каждый интерфейс будет назван в форме «VBox *». Возможно, вам придется адаптировать сценарий под собственные нужды. Обратите внимание, что сценарий предполагает, что вы можете выполнить необходимые команды, с использованием Sudo. Фрагмент файла sudoers приведена ниже в качестве примера.

Save the script, for example as

/.VirtualBox/bridge_setup. The script can be tested by running it from the command line. If successful, brctl show should show interface vbox* (where * will be a number) added to the bridge.

Here is a snippet of a sudoers file to help (replace username and hostname with the appropriate values):

To configure the VM to use dynamic bridged networking, go to the «network» page of the VM’s settings and change the following fields:

Attached to: Host Interface

When the VM is started after that, the interface should be created automatically and the VM can be used just like it was a system connected directly to your local network.

How to remotely start virtual machines using VNC

How to Install Oracle VirtualBox 6.0 on Debian 9 (Stretch)

The VirtualBox is the most used Virtualization platform by the users. It is free and opensource hypervisor for x86 computers. You can easily install VirtualBox on a Debian Linux system with simple steps.

This article helps you to install VirtualBox on Debian 9 (Stretch) Linux machine.

Step 1 – Prerequsities

Login to your Debian server with root or sudo privileged user and update current packages of your system to the latest version.

Step 2 – Add VirtualBox PPA

Now, you need to add Oracle VirtualBox PPA to Ubuntu system. You can do this by running the below command on your system.

This command will create a file and make entry to /etc/apt/sources.list.d/virtualbox.list.

Step 3 – Import Sign Key

After adding the required apt repository on your system, download and import the Oracle public key for apt-secure using following commands.

Step 4 – Install VirtualBox on Debian

You are ready now to install VirtualBox on a Debian system. Run the following commands on the terminal to complete the VirtualBox installation on a Debian system.

Step 5 – Launch VirtualBox

We can use launcher link on your Desktop system to start VirtualBox or simply use command from a terminal.

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14 Comments

como solucionar esto, muchas gracias.

# sudo apt-get install virtualbox-6.0
Leyendo lista de paquetes… Hecho
Creando árbol de dependencias
Leyendo la información de estado… Hecho
No se pudieron instalar algunos paquetes. Esto puede significar que
usted pidió una situación imposible o, si está usando la distribución
inestable, que algunos paquetes necesarios aún no se han creado o se
han sacado de «Incoming».
La siguiente información puede ayudar a resolver la situación:

Los siguientes paquetes tienen dependencias incumplidas:
virtualbox-6.0 : Depende: libcurl3 (>= 7.16.2) pero no es instalable
Depende: libvpx4 (>= 1.6.0) pero no es instalable
Recomienda: libsdl-ttf2.0-0 pero no va a instalarse
Recomienda: linux-image pero no es instalable
E: No se pudieron corregir los problemas, usted ha retenido paquetes rotos.

I always get this message, when I use sudo apt-get install virtualbox-6.0

E: Unable to locate package virtualbox-6.0
E: Couldn’t find any package by glob ‘virtualbox-6.0’
E: Couldn’t find any package by regex ‘virtualbox-6.0’

Rae using Debian 10? If so, install Debian9

Installing Virtual Box on Debian 10

In this article, I am going to show you how to install VirtualBox on Debian 10. So, let’s get started.

Prerequisites:

Before you get started, you should enable hardware virtualization (AMD-v/VT-d/VT-x) extension from the BIOS of your motherboard. Otherwise, you won’t get very good performance in virtual machines.

Adding Oracle VirtualBox Package Repository:

VirtualBox 6.0 is the latest version of VirtualBox at the time of this writing. It is not available in the official package repository of Debian 10 Buster. But, you can easily add the Oracle VirtualBox package repository on Debian 10 and install VirtualBox 6.0 from there.

To add the Oracle VirtualBox package repository, run the following command:

The VirtualBox package repository should be added.

Adding GPG Key:

Now, download the GPG key of the Oracle VirtualBox package repository with the following command:

The GPG key should be downloaded.

Now, add the GPG key to the APT package manager with the following command:

The GPG key should be added.

Updating APT Cache:

Now, update the APT package repository cache with the following command:

The APT package repository cache should be updated.

Installing VirtualBox:

Now, you can install VirtualBox 6.0 with the following command:

Now, press Y and then press to confirm the installation.

The APT package manager should download and install all the required packages.

VirtualBox 6.0 should be installed at this point.

Once VirtualBox 6.0 is installed, you should be able to find it in the Application Menu of Debian 10. Click on the VirtualBox logo.

VirtualBox should start.

Downloading VirtualBox Extension Pack:

VirtualBox Extension Pack adds features such as USB 2.0 and USB 3.0 support, RDP, disk encryption etc on top of VirtualBox. I highly recommend you download and install it for a smooth VirtualBox 6.0 experience.

First, you have to find out the full version number of VirtualBox.

You can find the full version number from the command line with the following command:

As you can see, the full version number of the VirtualBox installed on my computer is 6.0.10. Remember it.

You can also find the full version number from the VirtualBox Manager. Just open VirtualBox and go to Help > About VirtualBox…

As you can see, the full version number is 6.0.10

Now, visit the following webpage https://download.virtualbox.org/virtualbox/6.0.10

Once the page loads, click on the “Oracle_VM_VirtualBox_Extension_Pack-6.0.10.vbox-extpack” file as marked in the screenshot below.

NOTE: Replace 6.0.10 with the version you’ve installed on your Debian 10 machine.

Your browser should prompt you to save the file. Select Save File and click on OK.

The download should start. It may take a few minutes to complete.

Installing VirtualBox Extension Pack:

Once the download is completed, open VirtualBox and go to File > Preferences…

Now, go to the Extensions tab and click on the add icon as marked in the screenshot below.

Now, select the vbox-extpack file you just downloaded and click on Open.

Now, click on Install.

Read the VirtualBox License agreement if you wish and click on I Agree.

Now, type in the password of your Debian 10 login user and click on Authenticate.

VirtualBox Extension Pack should be installed. Now, click on OK.

Click on OK to close the Preferences window.

You’ve successfully installed VirtualBox 6.0 (the latest version at the time of this writing) on Debian 10 buster. Enjoy!