How to write summary to the article

Как написать summary?

Summary (саммари) представляет собой пересказ какого-либо объемного материала. В этой статье мы поговорим, зачем summary пишется, какими особенностями отличается, какую имеет структуру, какие практические советы по написанию существуют.

Саммари — это сжатое изложение материала либо обобщение информации, которая изложена в каком-нибудь источнике. Также саммари — это:

— краткая выжимка основных идей/главного содержания;

— уход от излишней детализации и ненужных подробностей;

— упражнение, развивающее письменную речь в английском языке.

Иногда summary включает в себя дополнительные рекомендации относительно того, что можно сделать в контексте решения рассматриваемой проблемы.

Саммари необходимо писать в следующих целях:

— для обучения, если речь идет об иностранных языках;

— для предоставления заинтересованной стороне наиболее важной информации об интересующих вопросах/проблемах/тематике;

— для существенной экономии времени (далеко не каждый имеет возможность прочитать конспект на ста листах или неделю изучать какой-нибудь объемный текст).

Таким образом, изучив саммари, заинтересованное лицо будет знать суть материала, причем с основными источниками ему знакомиться не придется.

Структура

Структуризация позволяет написать материал более логично и последовательно. Говоря о структуре, мы подразумеваем наличие отдельных логических модулей, к примеру:

Также для summary характерно применение:

Советы и рекомендации

Рассмотрим практические советы общего плана, которые помогут все грамотно написать:

— внимательно прочтите оригинальный текст, ведь вам нужно четко понимать, о чем речь;

— выделите основную идею;

— отметьте факты и важные примеры — это позволит обозначить основные тезисы;

— излагайте материал сжато и кратко, сложная терминология не приветствуется.

Теперь рассмотрим советы о том, как писать саммари на английском:

1. При обучении вам могут поставить задачу написать summary двух видов: оценочное либо информативное, причем вы должны понимать, о каком виде пересказа идет речь. Первый случай — это аналогия с рецензиями к фильмам/книгам/передачам. Здесь надо не только изложить сюжет в краткой форме, но и высказать свое мнение, дать оценку работе автора/актера/режиссера. Здесь потребуется высокий уровень владения языком. Второй случай — это краткое изложение смысла какой-нибудь статьи. Данный вариант также называют реферированием.

2. Бегло ознакомьтесь с материалом, выявите основную мысль.

3. Перечитайте материал еще раз, но уже более вдумчиво. Разберите речевые обороты и незнакомые слова. Далее определите и выпишите ключевые фразы. Кратко сформулируйте суть каждого абзаца, составьте предварительный план.

4. Доработайте план. Очень часто некоторые абзацы без проблем объединяются в один. Тут важно учитывать не размер абзацев, а их смысл.

5. Старайтесь передать содержание любого пункта вашего плана несколькими предложениями (одним-двумя). Можно применять готовые фрагменты из источника либо перефразировать длинные фразы более кратко, но уже своими словами.

Фразы для summary

В современном английском языке есть много фраз и выражений, позволяющих излагать текст последовательно. Примеры:

Также вам может быть полезна таблица ниже:

Итогом вашей деятельности должен стать краткий пересказ, который будет составлять не более четверти от первоначального объема. Надеемся, эта статья была вам полезна, и теперь вы знаете, как писать summary.

How To Write A Summary Of An Article: Guidlines, Structure, Examples

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Almost every student feels confused when he faces this task for the first time which is why it is important to clarify the definition of an article summary before we go on to the main steps in article review writing.

What Is An Article Summary?

An article summary is a brief paper that focuses on a specific scientific article. While it usually has the same structure and goal there may be certain differences in its content depending on the type of work you are summarizing. For example, if you are working on an argumentative piece, your paper has to detect, clarify, and analyze the given thesis and all arguments provided in its support. However, the requirements are different for an empirical article. In the case of an empirical article, you will have to do the same steps but your main focus will be not the thesis and arguments but rather the research methods, main questions, and findings.

Why is it a responsible task? Although this paper is so short that it rarely significantly influences your academic performance, it is still an important part of your education as it is a clear indicator of a student’s reading and writing skills. This kind of task is given to students in order to help them improve critical thinking skills, as well as learn how to read and analyze a text, how to read while focusing on the main points, and how to clearly organize your ideas in a short paper.

Why do you need to write it and what is its purpose? Writing a summary of an article as a part of an educational program at college or university may have three key goals:

This task can be assigned to students or research assistants, however, its purpose is usually the same. This paper’s main goal is to provide a comprehensive yet brief descriptive comment on a particular article, telling your readers about the author’s main focus in his work and the key points of it.

Create a summary of your text

Steps In Writing A Summary Of An Article

When you understand the meaning and goals of this task, it is just the time to learn what the most efficient ways to cope with it are. How to write a summary of an article? It is easier than you think before you get to it!

Here are the key steps to writing a top-notch summary with ease:

What if you can’t handle it? Do not worry if you still have no idea how to summarize an article! Often, if you do not get how to handle this task, it is just enough to find a clear and quality article summary example to see how it should look. However, even if this does not help much, there is one more solution that can save you frustration – you can take advantage of using an blog article writing service from our website and get the paper you need fast and with no effort! This way you will surely receive a high grade and save lots of time.

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Structure Of An Article Summary

In order to write a good summary, you have to follow a clear and appropriate structure. As a rule, such work is given in a paragraph form. Therefore, they usually do not require including subheadings. Also, it is important to keep each section of your work brief, straight to the point, and clear – there is no need for making smooth transitions between your paper’s sections, just keep in mind that it is a concise and focused scientific paper. Below you can find an example of a good structure.

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Sample Structure For A Summary Of An Argumentative Article:

Sample Structure For A Summary Of An Empirical Article:

Article Summary Examples

Josh Smith, the author of “Rules of Sharing and Copying Java Code”, specifies that, as he believes, any code that has been copied from someone else has to be cited or it should be assumed to be plagiarism and a copyright violation. He also insists that we should discuss plagiarism not only as a form of copying what someone has said or written, but also as a form of stealing another’s code and other intellectual property. Smith offers to discuss how to cite other’s works within programs. He supports his idea stating that due credit is always given to the authors of different resources and provides examples of citations for different sources to show that anyone can identify the author of a code or its unit and give credit to him. Another idea is that we should stop unauthorized sharing. Smith insists that code should not be shared in an electronic form in order to prevent plagiarism and unauthorized sharing.

The target audience of the article are students of computer science faculties. Students are either unaware of the issue with plagiarism or they have never considered how this issue can affect them when writing a code. Smith’s guidelines and ideas are useful and precise. However, there is one thing that the author forgot – sometimes, studying someone else’s code can help you learn many new techniques, which is why it would be good if the author could also share some guidelines on which circumstances would be appropriate for doing it and which are not.

How to Summarize a Text – Simplified Explanation

Summarizing an article, you have already read is the best method of understanding any article or book. This, however, requires particular skills or techniques just like any other profession, but it always differs from one reader to another since people understand things from their point of view. However, ideas summarized should be from the author’s book.

Need help with your summary? Check out the services below:

How to start a summary

Note the useful arguments.

After you have identified the main points, it’s important for you to read the article again; this time even more keenly and thoroughly to identify the other important points you might have missed before.

Here are several ways you can do that:

Writing a summary – and doing it easily

Writing a summary requires great patience. Step by step method is the tip here. Take one sentence at a go as you flow through the whole article. The sentences you begin summarizing, it is important if you have a clear and firm grasp of it. Create brief, concise and logical sentences following the themes and points you had initially highlighted, avoiding unnecessary details or information.

Several instances can be used to give those important details. For example:

In every instance above, the summarizer has ensured to state the author’s name and title of the book as it is very essential.

Good summaries of a particular book or article should also include those active characters in the story, i.e., the central characters and the general settings as the flow unfolds. A good summary enables the reader to have more comprehensive coverage of the whole book.

Great tips on writing a summary

If you are assigned to write a summary of an article, create it from your understanding such that as you retell it to your readers, it is more simplified and of the same idea. Analyzing and summarizing a concept can be so confusing to many people. As much as analyzing is also all about close looking at the author’s themes and ideas, summarizing doesn’t entail a critique of any kind. It’s all about giving your views on a short kind of way.

The major components of writing a summary include:

What is the actual importance of a summary writing?

Summary writing has got great benefits for both the reader and the writer. The importance of summary writing majorly lies in the whole concept, that it gives the writer a great opportunity for him or her to make a clear stand. It is more of; summary writing clears the air. In essence, summary writing gives that clear view, interpretation and hence understanding to the reader. However, it should not be too much such that it downgrades the writer’s efforts. Your summary should not confuse the reader in any sort of way. Just don’t go over the board.

Summary writing also makes reading fun since the information isn’t bulky.

Some summary examples

Here is a clear example you can use to understand the whole concept of summary writing:

In “My Everyday Lifestyle, Shelly Tina explains that lifestyle change especially regarding women clothing is demining morally but yet should still be embraced. Shelly explains that although modernism has been welcomed in every corner of the world and the fact that the great term ‘my dress my choice’ exists, women should try putting on decent clothing, same to their men counterparts.

However, she notes of how much she supports the way modernism is implemented in our everyday life and that although it has done us more harm than good, those tiny developments are what we should focus on. She notes that the statistics she carried out show that women are now more comfortable with wearing pants than their prior dressing code, dresses, and skirts. She points out that most women prefer pants as they are more comfortable and warm especially during the cold seasons.

Shelly Tina explains his own story of how much she has come up to terms of the fact that pants provide more comfort to ladies and how she is now putting on a day in day out without losing touch. She notes that pants now days can be matched with any kind of shoe or blouse. ‘The flexibility of the cloth is what gives her smiles,’ is what she says.

Going through summary examples will help you improve on summary writing because you get exposed to different samples that makes you knowledgeable. From the work of other authors, you get to learn where to improve when it comes to yours, and hence perfection.

How to Summarize an Article

This article was co-authored by Richard Perkins and by wikiHow staff writer, Danielle Blinka, MA, MPA. Richard Perkins is a Writing Coach, Academic English Coordinator, and the Founder of PLC Learning Center. With over 24 years of education experience, he gives teachers tools to teach writing to students and works with elementary to university level students to become proficient, confident writers. Richard is a fellow at the National Writing Project. As a teacher leader and consultant at California State University Long Beach’s Global Education Project, Mr. Perkins creates and presents teacher workshops that integrate the U.N.’s 17 Sustainable Development Goals in the K-12 curriculum. He holds a BA in Communications and TV from The University of Southern California and an MEd from California State University Dominguez Hills.

There are 7 references cited in this article, which can be found at the bottom of the page.

wikiHow marks an article as reader-approved once it receives enough positive feedback. In this case, 86% of readers who voted found the article helpful, earning it our reader-approved status.

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You might summarize an article as part of an assignment or to better understand the author’s ideas. An article summary provides an overview of the author’s thesis, purpose, and main ideas. Before you start your summary, read the article several times and make notes in the margins. Then, write a first draft that summarizes the article effectively. Finally, get feedback on your article and make revisions to finalize it.

Writing Article Summaries

Understanding Article Summaries

An article summary is a short, focused paper about one scholarly article that is informed by a critical reading of that article. For argumentative articles, the summary identifies, explains, and analyses the thesis and supporting arguments; for empirical articles, the summary identifies, explains, and analyses the research questions, methods, findings, and implications of the study.

Although article summaries are often short and rarely account for a large portion of your grade, they are a strong indicator of your reading and writing skills. Professors ask you to write article summaries to help you to develop essential skills in critical reading, summarizing, and clear, organized writing. Furthermore, an article summary requires you to read a scholarly article quite closely, which provides a useful introduction to the conventions of writing in your discipline (e.g. Political Studies, Biology, or Anthropology).

Common Problems in Article Summaries

The most common problem that students have when writing an article summary is that they misunderstand the goal of the assignment. In an article summary, your job is to write about the article, not about the actual topic of the article. For example, if you are summarizing Smith’s article about the causes of the Bubonic plague in Europe, your summary should be about Smith’s article: What does she want to find out about the plague? What evidence does she use? What is her argument? You are not writing a paper about the actual causes of Bubonic plague in Europe.

Further, as a part of critical reading, you will often consider your own position on a topic or an argument; it is tempting to include an assessment or opinion about the thesis or findings, but this is not the goal of an article summary. Rather, you must identify, explain, and analyse the main point and how it is supported.

Read Carefully and Closely

Your key to success in writing an article summary is your understanding of the article; therefore, it is essential to read carefully and closely. The Academic Skills Centre offers helpful instruction on the steps for critical reading: pre-reading, active and analytical reading, and reflection.

Argumentative Articles

As you read an argumentative article, consider the following questions:

Empirical Articles

As you read an empirical article, consider the following questions:

Create a Reverse Outline

Creating a reverse outline is one way to ensure that you fully understand the article. Pre-read the article (read the abstract, introduction, and/or conclusion). Summarize the main question(s) and thesis or findings. Skim subheadings and topic sentences to understand the organization; make notes in the margins about each section. Read each paragraph within a section; make short notes about the main idea or purpose of each paragraph. This strategy will help you to see how parts of the article connect to the main idea or the whole of the article.

Structure of the Summary

A summary is written in paragraph form and generally does not include subheadings. An introduction is important to clearly identify the article, the topic, the question or purpose of the article, and its thesis or findings. The body paragraphs for a summary of an argumentative article will explain how arguments and evidence support the thesis. Alternatively, the body paragraphs of an empirical article summary may explain the methods and findings, making connections to predictions. The conclusion explains the significance of the argument or implications of the findings. This structure ensures that your summary is focused and clear.

Professors will often give you a list of required topics to include in your summary and/or explain how they want you to organize your summary. Make sure you read the assignment sheet with care and adapt the sample outlines below accordingly.

Writing the Summary

One significant challenge in writing an article summary is deciding what information or examples from the article to include. Remember, article summaries are much shorter than the article itself. You do not have the space to explain every point the author makes. Instead, you will need to explain the author’s main points and find a few excellent examples that illustrate these points.

You should also keep in mind that article summaries need to be written in your own words. Scholarly writing can use complex terminology to explain complicated ideas, which makes it difficult to understand and to summarize correctly. In the face of difficult text, many students tend to use direct quotations, saving them the time and energy required to understand and reword it. However, a summary requires you to summarize, which means “to state briefly or succinctly” (Oxford English Dictionary) the main ideas presented in a text. The brevity must come from you, in your own words, which demonstrates that you understand the article.

Sample Outlines and Paragraph

Sample Outline for an Argumentative Article Summary

Sample Outline for an Empirical Article Summary

Sample Paragraph

The paragraph below is an example of an introductory paragraph from a summary of an empirical article:

Tavernier and Willoughby’s (2014) study explored the relationships between university students’ sleep and their intrapersonal, interpersonal, and educational development. While the authors cited many scholars who have explored these relationships, they pointed out that most of these studies focused on unidirectional correlations over a short period of time. In contrast, Tavernier and Willoughby tested whether there was a bidirectional or unidirectional association between participants’ sleep quality and duration and several psychosocial factors including intrapersonal adjustment, friendship quality, and academic achievement. Further they conducted a longitudinal study over a period of three years in order to determine whether there were changes in the strength or direction of these associations over time. They predicted that sleep quality would correlate with measures of intrapersonal adjustment, friendship quality, and academic achievement; they further hypothesized that this correlation would be bidirectional: sleep quality would predict psychosocial measures and at the same time, psychosocial measures would predict sleep quality.