Illustrations by George Wright

I unpacked my things and went down to await luncheon.

It was good to be here again in this little old sleepy hostel by the sea. Hostel I say, though it spelt itself without an «s» and even placed a circumflex above the «o.» It made no other pretension. It was very cozy indeed.

I had been here just a year before, in mid-February, after an attack of influenza. And now I had returned, after an attack of influenza. Nothing was changed. It had been raining when I left, and the waiter—there was but a single, a very old waiter—had told me it was only a shower. That waiter was still here, not a day older. And the shower had not ceased.

Steadfastly it fell on to the sands, steadfastly into the iron-gray sea. I stood looking out at it from the windows of the hall, admiring it very much. There seemed to be little else to do. What little there was I did. I mastered the contents of a blue hand-bill which, pinned to the wall just beneath the framed engraving of Queen Victoria’s Coronation, gave token of a concert that was to be held—or, rather, was to have been held some weeks ago—in the town hall for the benefit of the Life-Boat Fund. I looked at the barometer, tapped it, was not the wiser. I wandered to the letter-board.

These letter-boards always fascinate me. Usually some two or three of the envelops stuck into the cross-garterings have a certain newness and freshness. They seem sure they will yet be claimed. Why not? Why should n’t John Doe, Esq., or Mrs. Richard Roe turn up at any moment? I do not know. I can only say that nothing in the world seems to me more unlikely. Thus it is that these young bright envelops touch my heart even more than do their dusty and sallowed seniors. Sour resignation is less touching than impatience for what will not be, than the eagerness that has to wane and wither. Soured beyond measure these old envelops are. They are not nearly so nice as they should be to the young ones. They lose no chance of sneering and discouraging. Such dialogues as this are only too frequent:

A Very Young Envelop: Something in me whispers that he will come to-day!

A Very Old Envelop: He? Well, that’s good! Ha, ha, ha! Why did n’t he come last week, when you came? What reason have you for supposing he ‘ll ever come now? It is n’t as if he were a frequenter of the place. He’s never been here. His name is utterly unknown here. You don’t suppose he’s coming on the chance of finding you?

A. V. Y. E.: It may seem silly, but—something in me whispers—

A. V. O. E.: Something in you? One has only to look at you to see there’s nothing in you but a note scribbled to him by a cousin. Look at ME! There are three sheets, closely written, in me. The lady to whom I am addressed—

A. V. Y. E.: Yes, sir, yes; you told me all about her yesterday.

A. V. O. E.: And I shall do so to-day and to-morrow and every day and all day long. That young lady was a widow. She stayed here many times. She was delicate, and the air suited her. She was poor, and the tariff was just within her means. She was lonely, and had need of love. I have in me for her a passionate avowal and strictly honorable proposal, written to her, after many rough copies, by a gentleman who had made her acquaintance under this very roof. He was rich, he was charming, he was in the prime of life. He had asked if he might write to her. She had flutteringly granted his request. He posted me to her the day after his return to London. I looked forward to being torn open by her. I was very sure she would wear me and my contents next to her bosom. She was gone. She had left no address. She never returned. This I tell you, and shall continue to tell you, not because I want any of your callow sympathy,—no, thank you!—but that you may judge how much less than slight are the probabilities that you yourself—

But my reader has overheard these dialogues as often as I. He wants to know what was odd about this particular letter-board before which I was standing. At first glance I saw nothing odd about it. But presently I distinguished a handwriting that was vaguely familiar. It was mine. I stared, I wondered. There is always a slight shock in seeing an envelop of one’s own after it has gone through the post. It looks as if it had gone through so much. But this was the first time I had ever seen an envelop of mine eating its heart out in bondage on a letter-board. This was outrageous. This was hardly to be believed. Sheer kindness had impelled me to write to «A. V. Laider, Esq.,» and this was the result! I had n’t minded receiving no answer. Only now, indeed, did I remember that I had n’t received one. In multitudinous London the memory of A. V. Laider and his trouble had soon passed from my mind. But—well, what a lesson not to go out of one’s way to write to casual acquaintances!

My envelop seemed not to recognize me as its writer. Its gaze was the more piteous for being blank. Even so had I once been gazed at by a dog that I had lost and, after many days, found in the Battersea Home. «I don’t know who you are, but, whoever you are, claim me, take me out of this!» That was my dog’s appeal. This was the appeal of my envelop.

I raised my hand to the letter-board, meaning to effect a swift and lawless rescue, but paused at sound of a footstep behind me. The old waiter had come to tell me that my luncheon was ready. I followed him out of the hall, not, however, without a bright glance across my shoulder to reassure the little captive that I should come back.

I had the sharp appetite of the convalescent, and this the sea air had whetted already to a finer edge. In touch with a dozen oysters, and with stout, I soon shed away the unreasoning anger I had felt against A. V. Laider. I became merely sorry for him that he had not received a letter which might perhaps have comforted him. In touch with cutlets, I felt how sorely he had needed comfort. And anon, by the big bright fireside of that small dark smoking-room where, a year ago, on the last evening of my stay here, he and I had at length spoken to each other, I reviewed in detail the tragic experience he had told me; and I simply reveled in reminiscent sympathy with him.

A. V. Laider —I had looked him up in the visitors’-book on the night of his arrival. I myself had arrived the day before, and had been rather sorry there was no one else staying here. A convalescent by the sea likes to have some one to observe, to wonder about, at meal-time. I was glad when, on my second evening, I found seated at the table opposite to mine another guest. I was the gladder because he was just the right kind of guest. He was enigmatic. By this I mean that he did not look soldierly or financial or artistic or anything definite at all. He offered a clean slate for speculation. And, thank heaven! he evidently was n’t going to spoil the fun by engaging me in conversation later on. A decently unsociable man, anxious to be left alone.

The heartiness of his appetite, in contrast with his extreme fragility of aspect and limpness of demeanor, assured me that he, too, had just had influenza. I liked him for that. Now and again our eyes met and were instantly parted. We managed, as a rule, to observe each other indirectly. I was sure it was not merely because he had been ill that he looked interesting. Nor did it seem to me that a spiritual melancholy, though I imagined him sad at the best of times, was his sole asset. I conjectured that he was clever. I thought he might also be imaginative. At first glance I had mistrusted him. A shock of white hair, combined with a young face and dark eyebrows, does somehow make a man look like a charlatan. But it is foolish to be guided by an accident of color. I had soon rejected my first impression of my fellow-diner. I found him very sympathetic.

Anywhere but in England it would be impossible for two solitary men, howsoever much reduced by influenza, to spend five or six days in the same hostel and not exchange a single word. That is one of the charms of England. Had Laider and I been born and bred in any other land than Eng we should have become acquainted before the end of our first evening in the small smoking-room, and have found ourselves irrevocably committed to go on talking to each other throughout the rest of our visit. We might, it is true, have happened to like each other more than any one we had ever met. This off chance may have occurred to us both. But it counted for nothing against the certain surrender of quietude and liberty. We slightly bowed to each other as we entered or left the dining-room or smoking-room, and as we met on the wide-spread sands or in the shop that had a small and faded circulating library. That was all. Our mutual aloofness was a positive bond between us.

Had he been much older than I, the responsibility for our silence would of course have been his alone. But he was not, I judged, more than five or six years ahead of me, and thus I might without impropriety have taken it on myself to perform that hard and perilous feat which English people call, with a shiver, «breaking the ice.» He had reason, therefore, to be as grateful to me as I to him. Each of us, not the less frankly because silently, recognized his obligation to the other. And when, on the last evening of my stay, the ice actually was broken there was no ill-will between us: neither of us was to blame.

It was a Sunday evening. I had been out for a long last walk and had come in very late to dinner. Laider had left his table almost directly after I sat down to mine. When I entered the smoking-room I found him reading a weekly review which I had bought the day before. It was a crisis. He could not silently offer nor could I have silently accepted, sixpence. It was a crisis. We faced it like men. He made, by word of mouth, a graceful apology. Verbally, not by signs, I besought him to go on reading. But this, of course, was a vain counsel of perfection. The social code forced us to talk now. We obeyed it like men. To reassure him that our position was not so desperate as it might seem, I took the earliest opportunity to mention that I was going away early next morning. In the tone of his «Oh, are you?» he tried bravely to imply that he was sorry, even now, to hear that. In a way, perhaps, he really was sorry. We had got on so well together, he and I. Nothing could efface the memory of that. Nay, we seemed to be hitting it off even now. Influenza was not our sole theme. We passed from that to the aforesaid weekly review, and to a correspondence that was raging therein on faith and reason.

This correspondence had now reached its fourth and penultimate stage—its Australian stage. It is hard to see why these correspondences spring up; one only knows that they do spring up, suddenly, like street crowds. There comes, it would seem, a moment when the whole English-speaking race is unconsciously bursting to have its say about some one thing—the split infinitive, or the habits of migratory birds, or faith and reason, or what-not. Whatever weekly review happens at such a moment to contain a reference, however remote, to the theme in question reaps the storm. Gusts of letters come in from all corners of the British Isles. These are presently reinforced by Canada in full blast. A few weeks later the Anglo-Indians weigh in. In due course we have the help of our Australian cousins. By that time, however, we of the mother country have got our second wind, and so determined are we to make the most of it that at last even the editor suddenly loses patience and says, «This correspondence must now cease.—Ed.» and wonders why on earth he ever allowed anything so tedious and idiotic to begin.

I pointed out to Laider one of the Australian letters that had especially pleased me in the current issue. It was from «A Melbourne Man,» and was of the abrupt kind which declares that «all your correspondents have been groping in the dark» and then settles the whole matter in one short sharp flash. The flash in this instance was «Reason is faith, faith reason—that is all we know on earth and all we need to know.» The writer then inclosed his card and was, etc., «A Melbourne Man.» I said to Laider how very restful it was, after influenza, to read anything that meant nothing whatsoever. Laider was inclined to take the letter more seriously than I, and to be mildly metaphysical. I said that for me faith and reason were two separate things, and as I am no good at metaphysics, however mild, I offered a definite example, to coax the talk on to ground where I should be safer.

«Palmistry, for example,» I said. «Deep down in my heart I believe in palmistry.»

Laider turned in his chair.

«You believe in palmistry?»

«Yes, somehow I do. Why? I have n’t the slightest notion. I can give myself all sorts of reasons for laughing it to scorn. My common sense utterly rejects it. Of course the shape of the hand means something, is more or less an index of character. But the idea that my past and future are neatly mapped out on my palms—» I shrugged my shoulders.

«You don’t like that idea?» asked Laider in his gentle, rather academic voice.

«I only say it’s a grotesque idea.»

«Yet you do believe in it?»

«I ‘ve a grotesque belief in it, yes.»

«Are you sure your reason for calling this idea ‘grotesque’ is n’t merely that you dislike it?»

«Well,» I said, with the thrilling hope that he was a companion in absurdity, «does n’t it seem grotesque to you?»

«It seems strange.»

«You believe in it?»

He smiled at my pleasure, and I, at the risk of reëntanglement in metaphysics, claimed him as standing shoulder to shoulder with me against «A Melbourne Man.» This claim he gently disputed.

«You may think me very prosaic,» he said, «but I can’t believe without evidence.»

«Well, I’m equally prosaic and equally at a disadvantage: I can’t take my own belief as evidence, and I ‘ve no other evidence to go on.»

He asked me if I had ever made a study of palmistry. I said I had read one of Desbarolles’s books years ago, and one of Heron-Allen’s. But, he asked, had I tried to test them by the lines on my own hands or on the hands of my friends? I confessed that my actual practice in palmistry had been of a merely passive kind—the prompt extension of my palm to any one who would be so good as to «read» it and truckle for a few minutes to my egoism. (I hoped Laider might do this.)

«Then I almost wonder,» he said, with his sad smile, «that you have n’t lost your belief, after all the nonsense you must have heard. There are so many young girls who go in for palmistry. I am sure all the five foolish virgins were ‘awfully keen on it’ and used to say, ‘You can be led, but not driven,’ and, ‘You are likely to have a serious illness between the ages of forty and forty-five,’ and, ‘You are by nature rather lazy, but can be very energetic by fits and starts.’ And most of the professionals, I’m told, are as silly as the young girls.»

For the honor of the profession, I named three practitioners whom I had found really good at reading character. He asked whether any of them had been right about past events. I confessed that, as a matter of fact, all three of them had been right in the main. This seemed to amuse him. He asked whether any of them had predicted anything which had since come true. I confessed that all three had predicted that I should do several things which I had since done rather unexpectedly. He asked if I did n’t accept this as, at any rate, a scrap of evidence. I said I could only regard it as a fluke—a rather remarkable fluke.

The superiority of his sad smile was beginning to get on my nerves. I wanted him to see that he was as absurd as I.

«Suppose,» I said—»suppose, for the sake of argument, that you and I are nothing but helpless automata created to do just this and that, and to have just that and this done to us. Suppose, in fact, we have n’t any free will whatsoever. Is it likely or conceivable that the Power which fashioned us would take the trouble to jot down in cipher on our hands just what was in store for us?»

Laider did not answer this question; he did but annoyingly ask me another.

«You believe in free will?»

«Yes, of course. I ‘ll be hanged if I’m an automaton.»

«And you believe in free will just as in palmistry—without any reason?»

«Oh, no. Everything points to our having free will.»

«Everything? What, for instance?»

This rather cornered me. I dodged out, as lightly as I could, by saying:

«I suppose you would say it’s written in my hand that I should be a believer in free will.»

«Ah, I ‘ve no doubt it is.»

I held out my palms. But, to my great disappointment, he looked quickly away from them. He had ceased to smile. There was agitation in his voice as he explained that he never looked at people’s hands now. «Never now—never again.» He shook his head as though to beat off some memory.

I was much embarrassed by my indiscretion. I hastened to tide over the awkward moment by saying that if I could read hands I would n’t, for fear of the awful things I might see there.

«Awful things, yes,» he whispered, nodding at the fire.

«Not,» I said in self-defense, «that there’s anything very awful, so far as I know, to be read in my hands.»

He turned his gaze from the fire to me.

«You are n’t a murderer, for example?»

«Oh, no,» I replied, with a nervous laugh.

This was a more than awkward, it was a painful, moment for me; and I am afraid I must have started or winced, for he instantly begged my pardon.

«I don’t know,» he exclaimed, «why I said it. I’m usually a very reticent man. But sometimes—» He pressed his brow. «What you must think of me!»

I begged him to dismiss the matter from his mind.

«It’s very good of you to say that; but—I ‘ve placed myself as well as you in a false position. I ask you to believe that I’m not the sort of man who is ‘wanted’ or ever was ‘wanted’ by the police. I should be bowed out of any police-station at which I gave myself up. I’m not a murderer in any bald sense of the word. No.»

My face must have perceptibly brightened, for, «Ah,» he said, «don’t imagine I’m not a murderer at all. Morally, I am.» He looked at the clock. I pointed out that the night was young. He assured me that his story was not a long one. I assured him that I hoped it was. He said I was very kind. I denied this. He warned me that what he had to tell might rather tend to stiffen my unwilling faith in palmistry, and to shake my opposite and cherished faith in free will. I said, «Never mind.» He stretched his hands pensively toward the fire. I settled myself back in my chair.

«My hands,» he said, staring at the backs of them, «are the hands of a very weak man. I dare say you know enough of palmistry to see that for yourself. You notice the slightness of the thumbs and of he two ‘little’ fingers. They are the hands of a weak and over-sensitive man—a man without confidence, a man who would certainly waver in an emergency. Rather Hamletish hands,» he mused. «And I’m like Hamlet in other respects, too: I’m no fool, and I ‘ve rather a noble disposition, and I’m unlucky. But Hamlet was luckier than I in one thing: he was a murderer by accident, whereas the murders that I committed one day fourteen years ago—for I must tell you it was n’t one murder, but many murders that I committed—were all of them due to the wretched inherent weakness of my own wretched self.

«I was twenty-six—no, twenty-seven years old, and rather a nondescript person, as I am now. I was supposed to have been called to the bar. In fact, I believe I had been called to the bar. I had n’t listened to the call. I never intended to practise, and I never did practise. I only wanted an excuse in the eyes of the world for existing. I suppose the nearest I have ever come to practicing is now at this moment: I am defending a murderer. My father had left me well enough provided with money. I was able to go my own desultory way, riding my hobbies where I would. I had a good stableful of hobbies. Palmistry was one of them. I was rather ashamed of this one. It seemed to me absurd, as it seems to you. Like you, though, I believed in it. Unlike you, I had done more than merely read a book about it. I had read innumerable books about it. I had taken casts of all my friends’ hands. I had tested and tested again the points at which Desbarolles dissented from the Gipsies, and—well, enough that I had gone into it all rather thoroughly, and was as sound a palmist, as a man may be without giving his whole life to palmistry.

«One of the first things I had seen in my own hand, as soon as I had learned to read it, was that at about the age of twenty-six I should have a narrow escape from death—from a violent death. There was a clean break in the life-line, and a square joining it—the protective square, you know. The markings were precisely the same in both hands. It was to be the narrowest escape possible. And I was n’t going to escape without injury, either. That is what bothered me. There was a faint line connecting the break in the lifeline with a star on the line of health. Against that star was another square. I was to recover from the injury, whatever it might be. Still, I did n’t exactly look forward to it. Soon after I had reached the age of twenty-five, I began to feel uncomfortable. The thing might be going to happen at any moment. In palmistry, you know, it is impossible to pin an event down hard and fast to one year. This particular event was to be when I was about twenty-six; it might n’t be till I was twenty-seven; it might be while I was only twenty-five.

«And I used to tell myself it might n’t be at all. My reason rebelled against the whole notion of palmistry, just as yours does. I despised my faith in the thing, just as you despise yours. I used to try not to be so ridiculously careful as I was whenever I crossed a street. I lived in London at that time. Motor-cars had not yet come in, but—what hours, all told, I must have spent standing on curbs, very circumspect, very lamentable! It was a pity, I suppose, that I had no definite occupation—something to take me out of myself. I was one of the victims of private means. There came a time when I drove in four-wheelers rather than in hansoms, and was doubtful of four-wheelers. Oh, I assure you, I was very lamentable indeed.

«If a railway-journey could be avoided, I avoided it. My uncle had a place in Hampshire. I was very fond of him and of his wife. Theirs was the only house I ever went to stay in now. I was there for a week in November, not long after my twenty-seventh birthday. There were other people staying there, and at the end of the week we all traveled back to London together. There were six of us in the carriage: Colonel Elbourn and his wife and their daughter, a girl of seventeen; and another married couple, the Bretts. I had been at Winchester with Brett, but had hardly seen him since that time. He was in the Indian Civil, and was home on leave. He was sailing for India next week. His wife was to remain in England for some months, and then join him out there. They had been married five years. She was now just twenty-four years old. He told me that this was her age. The Elbourns I had never met before. They were charming people. We had all been very happy together. The only trouble had been that on the last night, at dinner, my uncle asked me if I still went in for ‘the Gipsy business,’ as he always called it; and of course the three ladies were immensely excited, and implored me to ‘do’ their hands. I told them it was all nonsense, I said I had forgotten all I once knew, I made various excuses; and the matter dropped. It was quite true that I had given up reading hands. I avoided anything that might remind me of what was in my own hands. And so, next morning, it was a great bore to me when, soon after the train started, Mrs. Elbourn said it would be ‘too cruel’ of me if I refused to do their hands now. Her daughter and Mrs. Brett also said it would be ‘brutal’; and they were all taking off their gloves, and—well, of course I had to give in.

«I went to work methodically on Mrs. Elbourn’s hands, in the usual way, you know, first sketching the character from the backs of them; and there was the usual hush, broken by the usual little noises—grunts of assent from the husband, cooings of recognition from the daughter. Presently I asked to see the palms, and from them I filled in the details of Mrs. Elbourn’s character before going on to the events in her life. But while I talked I was calculating how old Mrs. Elbourn might be. In my first glance at her palms I had seen that she could not have been less than twenty-five when she married. The daughter was seventeen. Suppose the daughter had been born a year later—how old would the mother be? Forty-three, yes. Not less than that, poor woman!»

Laider looked at me.

«Why ‘poor woman!’ you wonder? Well, in that first glance I had seen other things than her marriage-line. I had seen a very complete break in the lines of life and of fate. I had seen violent death there. At what age? Not later, not possibly later, than forty-three. While I talked to her about the things that had happened in her girlhood, the back of my brain was hard at work on those marks of catastrophe. I was horribly wondering that she was still alive. It was impossible that between her and that catastrophe there could be more than a few short months. And all the time I was talking; and I suppose I acquitted myself well, for I remember that when I ceased I had a sort of ovation from the Elbourns.

«It was a relief to turn to another pair of hands. Mrs. Brett was an amusing young creature, and her hands were very characteristic, and prettily odd in form. I allowed myself to be rather whimsical about her nature, and having begun in that vein, I went on in it, somehow, even after she had turned her palms. In those palms were reduplicated the signs I had seen in Mrs. Elbourn’s. It was as though they had been copied neatly out. The only difference was in the placing of them; and it was this difference that was the most horrible point. The fatal age in Mrs. Brett’s hands was—not past, no, for here she was. But she might have died when she was twenty-one. Twenty-three seemed to be the utmost span. She was twenty-four, you know.

«I have said that I am a weak man. And you will have good proof of that directly. Yet I showed a certain amount of strength that day—yes, even on that day which has humiliated and saddened the rest of my life. Neither my face nor my voice betrayed me when in the palms of Dorothy Elbourn I was again confronted with those same signs. She was all for knowing the future, poor child! I believe I told her all manner of things that were to be. And she had no future—none, none in this world—except—

«And then, while I talked, there came to me suddenly a suspicion. I wondered it had n’t come before. You guess what it was? It made me feel very cold and strange. I went on talking. But, also, I went on—quite separately—thinking. The suspicion was n’t a certainty. This mother and daughter were always together. What was to befall the one might anywhere—anywhere—befall the other. But a like fate, in an equally near future, was in store for that other lady. The coincidence was curious, very. Here we all were together—here, they and I—I who was narrowly to escape, so soon now, what they, so soon now, were to suffer. Oh, there was an inference to be drawn. Not a sure inference, I told myself. And always I was talking, talking, and the train was swinging and swaying noisily along—to what? It was a fast train. Our carriage was near the engine. I was talking loudly. Full well I had known what I should see in the colonel’s hands. I told myself I had not known. I told myself that even now the thing I dreaded was not sure to be. Don’t think I was dreading it for myself. I was n’t so ‘lamentable’ as all that—now. It was only of them that I thought—only for them. I hurried over the colonel’s character and career; I was perfunctory. It was Brett’s hands that I wanted. They were the hands that mattered. If they had the marks— Remember, Brett was to start for India in the coming week, his wife was to remain in England. They would be apart. Therefore—

«And the marks were there. And I did nothing—nothing but hold forth on the subtleties of Brett’s character. There was a thing for me to do. I wanted to do it. I wanted to spring to the window and pull the communication-cord. Quite a simple thing to do. Nothing easier than to stop a train. You just give a sharp pull, and the train slows down, comes to a standstill. And the guard appears at your window. You explain to the guard.

«Nothing easier than to tell him there is going to be a collision. Nothing easier than to insist that you and your friends and every other passenger in the train must get out at once. There are easier things than this? Things that need less courage than this? Some of them I could have done, I dare say. This thing I was going to do. Oh, I was determined that I would do it—directly.

«I had said all I had to say about Brett’s hands. I had brought my entertainment to an end. I had been thanked and complimented all round. I was quite at liberty. I was going to do what I had to do. I was determined, yes.

«We were near the outskirts of London. The air was gray, thickening; and Dorothy Elbourn had said: ‘Oh, this horrible old London! I suppose there’s the same old fog!’ And presently I heard her father saying something about ‘prevention’ and ‘a short act of Parliament’ and ‘anthracite.’ And I sat and listened and agreed and—»

Laider closed his eyes. He passed his hand slowly through the air.

«I had a racking headache. And when I said so, I was told not to talk. I was in bed, and the nurses were always telling me not to talk. I was in a hospital. I knew that; but I did n’t know why I was there. One day I thought I should like to know why, and so I asked. I was feeling much better now. They told me by degrees that I had had concussion of the brain. I had been brought there unconscious, and had remained unconscious for forty-eight hours. I had been in an accident—a railway-accident. This seemed to me odd. I had arrived quite safely at my uncle’s place, and I had no memory of any journey since that. In cases of concussion, you know, it’s not uncommon for the patient to forget all that happened just before the accident; there may be a blank for several hours. So it was in my case. One day my uncle was allowed to come and see me. And somehow, suddenly, at sight of him, the blank was filled in. I remembered, in a flash, everything. I was quite calm, though. Or I made myself seem so, for I wanted to know how the collision had happened. My uncle told me that the engine-driver had failed to see a signal because of the fog, and our train had crashed into a goods-train.

«I did n’t ask him about the people who were with me. You see, there was no need to ask.

«Very gently my uncle began to tell me, but—I had begun to talk strangely, I suppose. I remember the frightened look of my uncle’s face, and the nurse scolding him in whispers.

«After that, all a blur. It seems that I became very ill indeed, was n’t expected to live.

There was a long silence. Laider did not look at me, nor I at him. The fire was burning low, and he watched it.

At length he spoke:

«You despise me. Naturally. I despise myself.»

«No, I don’t despise you; but—»

«You blame me.» I did not meet his gaze. «You blame me,» he repeated.

«And there, if I may say so, you are a little unjust. It is n’t my fault that I was born weak.»

«But a man may conquer his weakness.»

«Yes, if he is endowed with the strength for that.»

His fatalism drew from me a gesture of disgust.

«Do you really mean,» I asked, «that because you did n’t pull that cord, you could n’t have pulled it?»

«And it’s written in your hands that you could n’t?»

He looked at the palms of his hands.

«They are the hands of a very weak man,» he said.

«A man so weak that he cannot believe in the possibility of free will for himself or for any one?»

«They are the hands of an intelligent man, who can weigh evidence and see things as they are.»

«But answer me: Was it foreordained that you should not pull that cord?»

«It was foreordained.»

«And was it actually marked in your hands that you were not going to pull it?»

«Ah, well, you see, it is rather the things one is going to do that are actually marked. The things one is n’t going to do,—the innumerable negative things,—how could one expect them to be marked?»

«But the consequences of what one leaves undone may be positive?»

«Horribly positive. My hand is the hand of a man who has suffered a great deal in later life.»

«And was it the hand of a man destined to suffer?»

«Oh, yes. I thought I told you that.»

There was a pause.

«Well,» I said, with awkward sympathy, «I suppose all hands are the hands of people destined to suffer.»

«Not of people destined to suffer so much as I have suffered—as I still suffer.»

The insistence of his self-pity chilled me, and I harked back to a question he had not straightly answered.

«Tell me: Was it marked in your hands that you were not going to pull that cord?»

Again he looked at his hands, and then, having pressed them for a moment to his face, «It was marked very clearly,» he answered, «in their hands.»

Two or three days after this colloquy there had occurred to me in London an idea—an ingenious and comfortable doubt. How was Laider to be sure that his brain, recovering from concussion, had remembered what happened in the course of that railway-journey? How was he to know that his brain had n’t simply, in its abeyance, invented all this for him? It might be that he had never seen those signs in those hands. Assuredly, here was a bright loophole. I had forthwith written to Laider, pointing it out.

This was the letter which now, at my second visit, I had found miserably pent on the letter-board. I remembered my promise to rescue it. I arose from the retaining fireside, stretched my arms, yawned, and went forth to fulfil my Christian purpose. There was no one in the hall. The «shower» had at length ceased. The sun had positively come out, and the front door had been thrown open in its honor. Everything along the sea-front was beautifully gleaming, drying, shimmering. But I was not to be diverted from my purpose. I went to the letter-board. And—my letter was not there! Resourceful and plucky little thing—it had escaped! I did hope it would not be captured and brought back. Perhaps the alarm had already been raised by the tolling of that great bell which warns the inhabitants for miles around that a letter has broken loose from the letter-board. I had a vision of my envelop skimming wildly along the coast-line, pursued by the old, but active, waiter and a breathless pack of local worthies. I saw it outdistancing them all, dodging past coast-guards, doubling on its tracks, leaping breakwaters, unluckily injuring itself, losing speed, and at last, in a splendor of desperation, taking to the open sea. But suddenly I had another idea. Perhaps Laider had returned?

He had. I espied afar on the sands a form that was recognizably, by the listless droop of it, his. I was glad and sorry—rather glad, because he completed the scene of last year; and very sorry, because this time we should be at each other’s mercy: no restful silence and liberty for either of us this time. Perhaps he had been told I was here, and had gone out to avoid me while he yet could. Oh weak, weak! Why palter? I put on my hat and coat, and marched out to meet him.

«Influenza, of course?» we asked simultaneously.

There is a limit to the time which one man may spend in talking to another about his own influenza; and presently, as we paced the sands, I felt that Laider had passed this limit. I wondered that he did n’t break off and thank me now for my letter. He must have read it. He ought to have thanked me for it at once. It was a very good letter, a remarkable letter. But surely he was n’t waiting to answer it by post? His silence about it gave me the absurd sense of having taken a liberty, confound him! He was evidently ill at ease while he talked. But it was n’t for me to help him out of his difficulty, whatever that might be. It was for him to remove the strain imposed on myself.

Abruptly, after a long pause, he did now manage to say:

«It was—very good of you to—to write me that letter.» He told me he had only just got it, and he drifted away into otiose explanations of this fact. I thought he might at least say it was a remarkable letter; and you can imagine my annoyance when he said, after another interval, «I was very much touched indeed.» I had wished to be convincing, not touching. I can’t bear to be called touching.

«Don’t you,» I asked, «think it is quite possible that your brain invented all those memories of what—what happened before that accident?»

He drew a sharp sigh.

«You make me feel very guilty.»

«That’s exactly what I tried to make you not feel!»

«I know, yes. That’s why I feel so guilty.»

We had paused in our walk. He stood nervously prodding the hard wet sand with his walking-stick.

«In a way,» he said, «your theory was quite right. But—it did n’t go far enough. It’s not only possible, it’s a fact, that I did n’t see those signs in those hands. I never examined those hands. They were n’t there. I was n’t there. I have n’t an uncle in Hampshire, even. I never had.»

I, too, prodded the sand.

«Well,» I said at length, «I do feel rather a fool.»

«I ‘ve no right even to beg your pardon, but—»

«Oh, I’m not vexed. Only—I rather wish you had n’t told me this.»

«I wish I had n’t had to. It was your kindness, you see, that forced me. By trying to take an imaginary load off my conscience, you laid a very real one on it.»

«I’m sorry. But you, of your own free will, you know, exposed your conscience to me last year. I don’t yet quite understand why you did that.»

«No, of course not. I don’t deserve that you should. But I think you will. May I explain? I’m afraid I ‘ve talked a great deal already about my influenza, and I sha’n’t be able to keep it out of my explanation. Well, my weakest point—I told you this last year, but it happens to be perfectly true that my weakest point—is my will. Influenza, as you know, fastens unerringly on one’s weakest point. It does n’t attempt to undermine my imagination. That would be a forlorn hope. I have, alas! a very strong imagination. At ordinary times my imagination allows itself to be governed by my will. My will keeps it in check by constant nagging. But when my will is n’t strong enough even to nag, then my imagination stampedes. I become even as a little child. I tell myself the most preposterous fables, and—the trouble is—I can’t help telling them to my friends. Until I ‘ve thoroughly shaken off influenza, I’m not fit company for any one. I perfectly realize this, and I have the good sense to go right away till I’m quite well again. I come here usually. It seems absurd, but I must confess I was sorry last year when we fell into conversation. I knew I should very soon be letting myself go, or, rather, very soon be swept away. Perhaps I ought to have warned you; but—I’m a rather shy man. And then you mentioned the subject of palmistry. You said you believed in it. I wondered at that. I had once read Desbarolles’s book about it, but I am bound to say I thought the whole thing very great nonsense indeed.»

«Then,» I gasped, «it is n’t even true that you believe in palmistry?»

«Oh, no. But I was n’t able to tell you that. You had begun by saying that you believed in palmistry, and then you proceeded to scoff at it. While you scoffed I saw myself as a man with a terribly good reason for not scoffing; and in a flash I saw the terribly good reason; I had the whole story—at least I had the broad outlines of it—clear before me.»

«You had n’t ever thought of it before?» He shook his head. My eyes beamed. «The whole thing was a sheer improvisation?»

«Yes,» said Laider, humbly, «I am as bad as all that. I don’t say that all the details of the story I told you that evening were filled in at the very instant of its conception. I was filling them in while we talked about palmistry in general, and while I was waiting for the moment when the story would come in most effectively. And I ‘ve no doubt I added some extra touches in the course of the actual telling. Don’t imagine that I took the slightest pleasure in deceiving you. It’s only my will, not my conscience, that is weakened after influenza. I simply can’t help telling what I ‘ve made up, and telling it to the best of my ability. But I’m thoroughly ashamed all the time.»

«Not of your ability, surely?»

«Yes, of that, too,» he said, with his sad smile. «I always feel that I’m not doing justice to my idea.»

«You are too stern a critic, believe me.»

«It is very kind of you to say that. You are very kind altogether. Had I known that you were so essentially a man of the world, in the best sense of that term, I should n’t have so much dreaded seeing you just now and having to confess to you. But I’m not going to take advantage of your urbanity and your easy-going ways. I hope that some day we may meet somewhere when I have n’t had influenza and am a not wholly undesirable acquaintance. As it is, I refuse to let you associate with me. I am an older man than you, and so I may without impertinence warn you against having anything to do with me.»

I deprecated this advice, of course; but for a man of weakened will he showed great firmness.

«You,» he said, «in your heart of hearts, don’t want to have to walk and talk continually with a person who might at any moment try to bamboozle you with some ridiculous tale. And I, for my part, don’t want to degrade myself by trying to bamboozle any one, especially one whom I have taught to see through me. Let the two talks we have had be as though they had not been. Let us bow to each other, as last year, but let that be all. Let us follow in all things the precedent of last year.»

With a smile that was almost gay he turned on his heel, and moved away with a step that was almost brisk. I was a little disconcerted. But I was also more than a little glad. The restfulness of silence, the charm of liberty—these things were not, after all, forfeit. My heart thanked Laider for that; and throughout the week I loyally seconded him in the system he had laid down for us. All was as it had been last year. We did not smile to each other, we merely bowed, when we entered or left the dining-room or smoking-room, and when we met on the wide-spread sands or in that shop which had a small and faded but circulating library.

Once or twice in the course of the week it did occur to me that perhaps Laider had told the simple truth at our first interview and an ingenious lie at our second. I frowned at this possibility. The idea of any one wishing to be quit of me was most distasteful. However, I was to find reassurance. On the last evening of my stay I suggested, in the small smoking-room, that he and I should, as sticklers for precedent, converse. We did so very pleasantly. And after a while I happened to say that I had seen this afternoon a great number of sea-gulls flying close to the shore.

«Sea-gulls?» said Laider, turning in his chair.

«Yes. And I don’t think I had ever realized how extraordinarily beautiful they are when their wings catch the light.»

Laider threw a quick glance at me and away from me.

«You think them beautiful?»

«Well, perhaps they are, yes; I suppose they are. But—I don’t like seeing them. They always remind me of something—rather an awful thing—that once happened to me.»

It was a very awful thing indeed.

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it was published before January 1, 1927.

The author died in 1956, so this work is also in the public domain in countries and areas where the copyright term is the author’s life plus 60 years or less. This work may also be in the public domain in countries and areas with longer native copyright terms that apply the rule of the shorter term to foreign works.

Infinitive or gerund

Infinitive or gerund. Упражнения с ответами

Кстати, если Вы не уверены в том, что можете правильно добавить окончание –ing к глаголу – прочтите статью Ing-form. Participle I: как образовать правильно?

Infinitive or gerund exercises.

Упражнение 2. Tick the correct item.

1 Greg enjoys … in the rain.

□ walk □ walking □ to walk

□ send □sending □ to send

□ do □ doing □ to do

□ play □ playing □ to play

□ read □ reading □ to read

□ drink □ drinking □ to drink

Упражнение 4. Прочитайте предложения. Выберите один из предложенных вариантов ответа.

Упражнение 5 Put one of the given verbs in the correct form – infinitive or gerund:

to see, to lock, to explain, to go, to show, to play, to listen, to do, to write, to earn, to discuss, to drive, to look, to speak, to understand, to do, to stay, to work, to spend

Упражнение 6. Complete the sentences using either the Infinitive or Gerund. Insert prepositions if necessary. Раскройте скобки, употребив герундий или инфинитив (с или без частицы to). Если нужно, вставьте предлог

Переходим к ответам на упражнения по герундию и инфинитиву.

ОТВЕТЫ

Exercise 1.

To get a good job – 1, 3, 5, 7, 8, 10, 11

Getting a good job – 2, 4, 6, 9, 12

Exercise 2.

1 walking; 2 to send, 3 to do; 4 playing; 5 reading; 6 to drink

Exercise 3.

Exercise 4.

1 to establish, 2 to see, 3 to have, 4 him enter, 5 me believe, 6 dial, say, 7 enter, 8 go away, 9 asking, 10 to continue

Exercise 5.

Exercise 6.

1 to think, 2 making, 3 to getting, 4 to cut, 5 listening, 6 to hear, 7 laughing, 8 find, 9 to cook, 10 doing, 11 to buy, 12 waiting, 13 to seeing, 14 to concentrate, 15 to admire, 16 to hire, 17 running, 18 fetching, 19 to pay, 20 to disturb, 21 eating, 22 spending, 23 going, 24 to call, 25 calling, 26 waiting, 27 be, 28 to driving, 29 to send, 30 reading, 31 to going, 32 seeing, 33 to drive, 34 lending, 35 to tie, 36 going, 37 making, 38 to sleeping, 39 to look after, 40 whistling / to concentrate

Надеюсь, вам понравились эти упражнения на герундий и инфинитив

Понравилось? Сохраните на будущее и поделитесь с друзьями!

11 Комментариев для «Infinitive or gerund. Упражнения с ответами»

Ing-form. Participle I: как образовать правильно?

Read more at:ссылочки нет для перехода, но я нашла )) по поисковику, а было бы удjбнее сразу. Спасибо за Ваш ресурс!

Упражнения «Герундий и инфинитив» (с ответами)

1. Выберите из скобок герундий или инфинитив.

2. Выберите инфинитив с частицей to или без нее.

3. Составьте предложения, выбрав начало из первого столбца и окончание – из второго.

1 – i (Ее интересует проведение времени в интернете.)

2 – h (Я бы хотел выпить чашку кофе.)

3 – a (Тебе нужно бросить употреблять алкоголь.)

4 – g (Нам очень нравится плавать в море.)

5 – b (С нетерпением жду встречи с дочкой.)

6 – e (Он привык жить в грязном доме.)

7 – c (Она притворилась больной.)

8 – j (У Памелы есть способности к езде верхом на лошади.)

9 – d (Я не мог не смеяться над ней.)

10 – f (Она избегает разговоров с пьяными.)

Герундий и инфинитив в английском языке

ykaneva 2018-02-16T13:09:08+00:00 January 30th, 2018 | Практика английского | 17 Comments 17 321,597

Продолжаем разбираться с наиболее сложными частями речи в английском. Мы уже обсудили причастия и герундий. И договорились сравнить герундий с инфинитивом в английском языке.

Из прошлой статьи ты помнишь, что герундий – нечто среднее между глаголом и существительным: reading – чтение, leaving – отъезд.

Герундий может быть любым членом предложения, в том числе дополнением. И сегодня мы подробно поговорим именно про эту функцию. Дополнение – член предложения, который дополняет действие и отвечает на вопросы косвенных падежей: чего? чему? чем? что? о чём?

Пример дополнения-существительного в русском:

Я планирую (что?) переезд;
Я думаю (о чем?) о переезде.

Пример дополнения-герундия в английском:

I’m tired of waiting. – Я устал (от чего?) от ожидания.
I appreciate being polite to seniors. – Я ценю (что?) вежливое отношение к пожилым.

Инфинитив и герундий в английском языке: правило

Так вот дополнением может быть и инфинитив. Это касается и русского, и английского языка. Инфинитив – это начальная форма глагола.

В русском языке он отвечает на вопросы: что делать? что сделать?
В английском языке – это форма глагола с частицей to (иногда частица может опускаться).

Пример дополнения-инфинитива в русском:

Игорь попросил сестру (о чем?) помочь ему.
Я заставил его (что?) ответить.

Пример дополнения-инфинитива в английском:

She agreed to come back later. – Она согласилась (на что?) вернуться позже.
He asked to change the ticket. – Он попросил (о чем?) поменять билет.

Вытекает вопрос: как определить, когда в качестве дополнения нужен инфинитив, а когда – герундий? Давай разбираться.

1. Нужно запомнить: инфинитив и герундий, список глаголов

Начнем с несложного: с одними глаголами принято использовать герундий, а с другими – инфинитив. Вот и все. Нужно просто запомнить эти глаголы.
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Глаголы, после которых употребляется герундий

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Герундий также используется после глагола go, если речь идёт о каком-то времяпрепровождении, активных занятиях: Let’s go swimming!

Герундий часто используется после фразовых глаголов, например: to look forward to, to give up, to put off и др.
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Список глаголов с инфинитивом

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Чтобы все эти случаи «отложились в подкорке», советуем периодически проходить нашу грамматическую тренировку: Infinitive and Gerund.

2. Глаголы, после которых употребляется и инфинитив, и герундий

Следующий пункт посложнее: есть глаголы, после которых можно использовать и герундий, и инфинитив.

Что тут сложного? Дело в том, что часть этих глаголов будет менять значение в зависимости от того, в чьей компании они находятся – в компании герундия или инфинитива.
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Глаголы, которые меняют значение: таблица герундия и инфинитива в английском языке

I remember leaving my cell phone on the table. (Я точно помню, что оставил телефон на столе)

Remember to take your keys before you go out. (Не забудь взять свои ключи перед тем, как пойдешь на работу).

forget doing = забыть/не иметь сил забыть о чем-то, что уже произошло.

I will never forget meeting her. It changed all my life! (Я никогда не забуду…)

forget to do = забыть что-то сделать в настоящем или недалеком прошлом.

I think I forgot to turn off the iron. (Мне кажется, я забыла выключить…)

regret doing = пожалеть о чем-либо, что уже произошло.

I regret talking to her that way! (Я сожалею, что разговаривал с ней так!)

regret to do = сожалеть о чем-либо, что приходится делать сейчас.

We regret to inform you that you have not been admitted to Johns Hopkins University. (С сожалением сообщаем, вынуждены сообщить…)

stop doing = совсем прекратить что-то делать.

I finally stopped eating at night! (Наконец-то я перестала есть по ночам!)

stop to do = прекратить одно действие, чтобы начать делать что-то другое.

He stopped to ask for directions. (Он остановился, чтобы спросить дорогу)

go on doing = продолжать делать что-то, одно и то же действие.

After a break she went on talking about her health. (После перерыва она продолжила рассказывать о своём здоровье)

go on to do = продолжать, но переключиться с одного действия на другое.

She, first, melted chocolate, added butter and then went on to make icing. (Она сначала растопила шоколад, добавила масло и продолжила делать глазурь)

try doing = попробовать что-то сделать, в качестве эксперимента.

She tried learning English but gave up after a while. (Она попробовала поучить английский, но бросила через некоторое время).

try to do = пытаться совершить сложное действие, стараться, и прилагать значительные усилия.

I tried to work, but couldn’t because of a terrible headache. (Я попытался поработать, но из-за ужасной головной боли я не смог).

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Глаголы, которые не меняют значение

Есть и другие глаголы, которые тоже употребляются и с герундием, и с инфинитивом. Но они смысл значительно не меняют: begin, continue, prefer, start, hate, love, like.

She begins sneezing every time she sees a cat.
She begins to sneeze every time she sees a cat.
(Она начинает чихать каждый раз, когда видит кошку).

После глаголов advise, allow, recommend, encourage, permit тоже можно использовать и герундий, и инфинитив. НО! Если после основного глагола стоит объект (на кого направлено действие), то используем инфинитив:

Mum allowed me to stay overnight at my friend’s place. (Мама разрешила мне заночевать у подруги).

Если объекта нет, то используем герундий:

Mum allowed staying overnight at my friend’s place. (Мама разрешила ночевку у подруги).

3. Еще несколько моментов: герундий и инфинитив в английском

Есть еще несколько случаев употребления герундия и инфинитива, которые стоит запомнить.
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Герундий: примеры предложений

– После предлогов.

Если после глагола стоит предлог, то мы используем герундий. Это предлоги: for, before, without, by, about, of, from, in.

I’m interested in drawing. – Я интересуюсь рисованием.
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Употребление инфинитива в английском

– После прилагательных во фразах типа: It is good (important, happy, hard и т.д.) to…

It is nice to see you again. – Радостно видеть тебя снова.

– С вопросительными словами в утверждениях.

I don’t know how to open this door. – Я не знаю, как открыть эту дверь.

– Для выражения цели какого-то действия.

I came here to meet you. – Я пришел сюда, (зачем?) чтобы встретиться с тобой (правда, это уже не дополнение, а обстоятельство).

Подведем итоги: употребление инфинитива и герундия

– Герундий – это что-то среднее между глаголом и существительным. Инфинитив – это начальная форма глагола, которая отвечает на вопрос «что делать?».

– Инфинитив и герундий могут быть дополнением в предложении, тогда они ставятся после основного глагола.

– Есть глаголы, после которых всегда ставится герундий: admit, avoid, consider и др. Их нужно просто запомнить.

– После других глаголов всегда ставится инфинитив: agree, choose, decide и т.д. Их тоже надо запомнить.

– Еще одна группа глаголов – те, после которых может быть и инфинитив, и герундий, при этом будет меняться смысл самого глагола: remember, forget, stop и др.

– На нашу радость есть и глаголы, после которых можно использовать обе формы глагола без значительного ущерба для смысла: love, hate, begin и др.

Инфинитив и герундий в английском языке: упражнения

Да, информации много, и просто зазубрить её не получится. Нужно много практики, которую мы тебе с удовольствием предоставим.

Для начала пройди 12 уроков Gerund and Infinitive в нашем грамматическом курсе. Из него ты узнаешь про Complex Object (сложное дополнение), на котором я не стала останавливаться сегодня, и еще несколько нюансов использования инфинитива и герундия.

А потом периодически прогоняй грамматическую тренировку, чтобы довести выбор нужной формы до автоматизма.

Заключение: инфинитив и герундий

На сегодня все. В следующем месяце в рамках этого грамматического цикла статей мы с тобой обсудим еще одну загадочную сущность – отглагольное существительное. Сравним его с уже знакомым и родным герундием. До встречи!

5 заданий на говорение с использованием Gerunds and Infinitives

В рубрике «Упражнения» мы предлагаем вам короткие задания-ситуации для закрепления грамматических структур в говорении. Сегодня на очереди Gerunds and Infinitives.
Употребление Verb patterns не всегда даётся легко студентам независимо от их уровня. Задача преподавателя — помочь студенту разобраться, в каких случаях употребляется инфинитив, а в каких герундий.

Pairs: Gerunds and Infinitives

Уровни – pre-intermediate – upper-intermediate

Цель – запомнить, какие глаголы употребляются с ing и с to, облегчить запоминание путем классификации глаголов по группам.
Студенту даются перевернутые карточки с глаголами, после которых употребляется ing, to или без to. Нужно по памяти открыть глаголы определенной группы и тогда они исчезают. Например, want и would like близки по значению и после них употребляется Infinitive. Студент может составить предложение о себе с одним из этих глаголов, а преподаватель должен угадать правда это или нет.
Создать эту игру в онлайне можно создать, используя сервисы. Пример для уровня pre-intermediate.

Personality quiz: Gerunds and Infinitives

Уровни – pre-intermediate – upper-intermediate

Студенты любят говорить о себе, поэтому можно предложить им заполнить анкету перед собеседованием, а затем её обсудить. При заполнении пропусков студентам следует нужно выбрать, какие формы употреблять: герундий или инфинитив.
Задание для студента
You are at the job interview. Complete this job personality quiz
Name:________
I enjoy working with others
I expect to make a lot of money
I decided______ this job because______
I’m good at_______
I’m willing______
I dislike________
I never complain about_______
I plan________ next year
I dream about________
I can’t stand______
I enjoy_______
I expect people ______

Преподаватель играет роль HR менеджера и уточняет полученную информацию: You are willing to learn new skills, aren’t you? What skills exactly?

Feelings: Gerunds

Уровни – pre-intermediate – upper-intermediate

Задание для студента:
Make different sentences about yourself using these adjectives:
excited disappointed relaxed angry embarrassed anxious scared pleased
For example: Dancing makes me feel happy because it gives me energy.

Альтернативное упражнение: Sweet memories (taken from Teaching Creatively by Gunter Gerngross)
Цель – употребить герундий в предложениях об опыте, воспоминаниях и чувствах студента.
Преподаватель даёт опорную таблицу для составление предложений.

Listening to
Hearing
Watching
Feeling makes me think of______
Touching bring back memories of_____
Smelling
Tasting

For example, smelling horses makes me think of Western films.

Для уровня Upper можно добавить фразы по теме воспоминания:
I will never forget doing smth
I remember doing smth for the first time

Troubleshooting: Gerunds and Infinitives

Уровни – pre-intermediate – upper-intermediate

Цель – обсудить решение социальных проблем, употребляя фразы с герундием или инфинитивом.
Преподаватель просит студента назвать социальные проблемы,которые существуют и записывает их в столбик:
homeless people
heavy traffic
obesity
drunk driving
Пользуясь опорными фразами назвать несколько решений данных проблем:
We need to educate people about the role of exercise. I’m in favour of offering free meals in the streets.

Useful language:
I support… I advise…. I’m against….. We should stop…..
I suggest… We need…. I recommend…. We should encourage people to….
I’m in favour for… I go along with… I hope….. We have to remind…
Можно использовать узкие темы в зависимости от лексики, которую вы изучили на уроке: Как проводить свободное время? Как правильно питаться? Как защитить окружающую среду?

Guessing game: Gerunds and Infinitives

Уровни – pre-intermediate – upper-intermediate

Задание для студента
Choose 3 statements below and write your true answers.
Something you regret doing
Something you have difficulty doing
Something you spend much time doing
Something you failed to do
Something you don’t feel like doing now
Something you weren’t allowed to do when you were a child
For example, ball room dancing, to go to nightclubs, to pass driving test.

Преподаватель догадывается, к какому вопросу относится ответ студента. Чтобы усложнить задание, студент может вначале заполнить пропуски, а затем ответить на вопрос.

Юлия Белоног

Тренажеры по английскому. Перефразирование. gerund/infinitive

Мы не будем подробно останавливаться на этой теме, потому что здесь нет сложных моментов для понимания, в основном – запоминание.

Надо просто их запомнить, проверяя каждое по словарю. Приведём примеры некоторых из них.

Gerund ( 3.1 )

• I enjoy meet ing people.

Я получаю удовольствие от общения (встреч, знакомств) с людьми.

• Do you mind open ing the window?

Вы не против открыть окно?

Infinitive ( 3.2 )

• I want to buy a house.

• We dec >to go to Hawaii.

Мы решили поехать на Гавайи.

Gerund or Infinitive ( 3.3 )

Да такое может быть, но смысл может поменяться. Приведём примеры где вы можете увидеть эту разницу.

• I tried to take the pills the doctor (had) prescribed.

Я попытался принимать таблетки, которые доктор прописал.

(сделал одну попытку, но по какой-то причине ничего
не вышло: или таблетки были большие, или ещё что-то)

• I tried tak ing the pills the doctor (had) prescribed.

Я пытался принимать таблетки, которые доктор прописал.

(здесь я экспериментировал, делал это несколько раз
в надежде, что они помогут, результат неизвестен:
может быть, помогли, а может быть, нет)

• When we were redecorat ing this room, we tried to move that table.

Когда мы делали косметический ремонт в этой комнате, мы попытались передвинуть этот стол.

(попытались сдвинуть, он был очень тяжелый, у нас ничего не получилось)

• When were redecorat ing this room, we tried mov ing that table.

Когда мы делали косметический ремонт в этой комнате, мы (по)пытались передвинуть этот стол.

(подвигали его туда-сюда, поэкспериментировали, результат неизвестен: может быть, оставили его на старом месте, а может быть, передвинули на новое)

Нет, не всегда. В следующих примерах нет особой разницы в смысле между употреблением G erund или I nfinitive ( 3.4 ). Обычно, когда идет общее утверждение, то после like, love, enjoy, prefer ставится герундий (She likes swimm ing ), а когда есть уточнение ( She likes to sit near the window ) – инфинитив.

Федя Сумкин любит путешествовать.
(общее утверждение)

• Fedya Sumkin love s to travel to India when he’s on vacation.

Федя Сумкин любит ездить (путешествовать) в Индию, когда он на каникулах (в отпуске).

Тест на инфинитив и герундий

Тест на инфинитив и герундий – один из наиболее трудных грамматических тестов. Понятия инфинитива, а особенно герундия, довольно трудно усваиваются, поскольку в русском языке полных аналогов этих категорий нет.

При прохождении теста рекомендуем обратить внимание на глаголы, после которых употребляются эти формы.

Онлайн тест на инфинитив и герундий

to hear hear hearing heard

help helping to be helped be helped

Sorry … you in such an uncomfortable situation.

to placing to have placed placing to be placed

I’m so glad … with such a famous person.

speaking to be spoken to be speaking being spoken

This boy seems … a lot.

to read to be read reading read

… to good music is a pleasure.

Listen Listening Listened Being listening

reparing to repare be repaired repaired

All children like … fairy-tales.

tell being told be told be telling

Excuse me for … your favorite cup.

breaking break to break being breaking

I don’t mind … to the party.

she come she coming her coming she to come

Чтобы продолжить тест, выберите один из вариантов ответа.

Вы ответили правильно на
18 вопросов из 20

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Exercise 1. Поставьте глаголы в скобках в правильную форму (-ing форма (герундий)) или инфинитив (с или без to).

Answers: 1. to study 2. to play 3. to say 4. going 5. visit 6. to go.

Exercise 2. Поставьте глаголы в скобках в правильную форму (-ing форма (герундий)) или инфинитив (с или без to).

Answers: 1. having 2. stay 3. painting 4. leave 5. to drive 6. to feel 7. watching 8. stay 9. repair 10. trying 11. be 12. to report 13. to tell 14. being told 15. helping.

Exercise 3. Поставьте глаголы в скобках в правильную форму (-ing форма (герундий)) или инфинитив (с или без to).

Answers: 1. ordering 2. to be 3. tell 4. to apply 5. playing/to play 6. eating 7. to shout 8. doing 9. to see 10. forgetting 11. report 12. going.

Exercise 4. Поставьте глаголы в скобках в правильную форму (-ing форма (герундий)) или инфинитив (с или без to).

Answers: 1. to be 2. being 3.putting 4. to buy 5. typing 6. to improve 7. drinking 8. to open 9. to tell 10. telling 11. to have 12. having 13. bothering 14. to cause 15. meeting 16. to buy.

WELL DONE!

Литература:

Комплект упражнений на употребление герундия и инфинитива.

want plan decide hope expect offer wish promise refuse would like need learn

enjoy mind finish stop suggest keep be worth

like love start begin prefer hate continue

can/could may/might must should shall/will

want wish would like e*pect know like hate advise

see watch hear feel notice

Test 1 V-ing or infinitive? 1. My Mum hates (watch/watching) television. 2. 1 enjoy (read/reading) magazines. 3. 1 can (play/playing) football. 4.My friends like (swim/swimming).5.Tom can’t (do/doing) yoga.6.Do you enjoy (play/playing) sports?7.Can you (play/playing) darts?8.I can’t (cook/cooking).9.My sister likes (listen/listening) to music. 10. My Dad hates (repair/repairing) toys.

Test 2 V-ing or infinitive?

I want (to see/seeing) Tom.

We enjoy (to swim/swimming).

3. 1 would like (to live/living) in a small town.

We decided (to buy/buying) a new house.

You promised (to help/helping) me with my homework.

We stayed in the house until it stopped (to rain/raining).

I don’t really mind (to cook/cooking).

I hope (to visit/visiting) you next week. 9. 1 suggest (to travel/travelling) by train.

10. We need (to learn/learning) English before we go to Great Britain.

Test 3 V-ing or infinitive?

The music is very loud. It’s difficult (to hear/hearing) you.

I hope (to pass/passing) my exam this year.

This book is worth (to read/reading).

4. 1 want (to buy/buying) a new car.

They’d like (to stay/staying) at home this weekend.

This text is very hard (to understand/un­derstanding).

It was lovely (to see/seeing) you again at Ann’s party.

8. 1 enjoy (to write/writing) letters.

9. She decided (to take/taking) this job.

10. The weather was very bad so they stopped (to play/playing) football.

Test 4 Choose the correct form.

1. 1 can you if you like.

a) help b) to help c) helping

a) rain b) to rain c) raining

What do you want tonight?

a) do b) to do c) doing

4. 1 learnt when I was five years old.

a) swim b) to swim c) swimming

Have you finished the kitchen?

a) clean b) to clean c) cleaning

The exam is next month. You must

a) work b) to work c) working

I’m tired. I would like to bed.

a) go b) to go c) going

Do you enjoy other countries?

a) visit b) to visit c) visiting

The weather was nice, so I suggested

for a walk by the river.

a) go b) to go c) going

Where’s Bill? He promised here on

a) be b) to be c) being

Shall I the window?

a) open b) to open c) opening

a) wait b) to wait c) waiting

a) do b) to do c) doing

George was angry and refused to me.

a) speak b) to speak c) speaking

You should your granny on Sunday.

a) visit b) to visit c) visiting

Test 5 Choose the correct form.

1. 1 like London but I don’t want there.

a) live b) to live c) living

a) talk b) to talk c) talking

Tom hasn’t seen his aunt for a long time. He must her next month.

a) visit b) to visit c) visiting

Linda has a lot of books. She enjoys ______

a) read b) to read c) reading

I’m surprised that you’re here. I didn’t ex­pect you.

a) see b) to see c) seeing

“ Shall we get a taxi to the cinema?”

“ If you like, but it isn’t far. I don’t mind

a) walk b) to walk c) walking

Will they this game?

a) win b) to win c) winning

Julia had a lot to do, so I offered

a) help b) to help c) helping

a) hike b) to hike c) hiking

What shall we do this afternoon? Would you like to the beach?

a) go b) to go c) going

Goodbye! I hope you again soon.

a) see b) to see c) seeing

a) see b) to see c) seeing

Could you your question, please?

repeat b) to repeat c) repeating

I am fond of stamps.

a) collect b) to collect c) collecting

15. The weather was terrible, so we decided at home.

a) stay b) to stay c) staying Test 6

Test 6 Put the verbs in brackets in the correct form (V-ing or infinitive).

Do your parents allow you (go out) with anybody you want?

Just keep (try) and you’ll succeed one day.

Do you enjoy (learn) languages?

She would like (travel) all over the world.

1 think she has a great chance of (win) the competition.

They expect (arrive) at the airport at 6.30.

Do you think she will agree (have) the meet­ing in her office?

If the phone doesn’t stop (ring), I am going to break it.

When did you start (learn) French?

They hope (go) to the Black Sea next year.

Her brother likes (swim), but he doesn’t like swimming pools.

My sister doesn’t really need (work), but she enjoys (be) around the people.

(Eat) fatty foods, (drink) alcohol and (smoke) are all bad for your health.

Don’t you want (learn) (drive)?

After (work) all day, he doesn’t feel like going out again.

Test 7 Complex object: insert to where necessary.

1 heard the front door open.

1 hate you be late.

Granny watched the children playing.

I want you buy some bread.

Would you like me read this text?

The parents made the boy stay at home.

7. 1 saw a strange man enter the house.

We didn’t expect you come so soon.

Let me explain this rule to you.

They noticed a black dog run into the

The boy watched his mother washing

She likes her children sing.

He doesn’t want his son become an en­gineer.

I know him be a lazy pupil.

Tom felt somebody touch his shoulder.

Test 8 Complex object: choose the correct form.

Dad wants Dick (making/to make) his bed.

Have you seen Jack (go/to go) out?

«Shall we begin?» «No, let’s (to wait/wait) a few minutes.»

I know him (to be/being) a famous singer.

The teacher watched her pupils (to write/ writing) a dictation.

They made me (to do/do) it.

The teacher wants the students (to read/ read) this text.

We expect John (passing/to pass) his exam.

I heard her (singing/to sing) this wonder­ful song at the party.

They advised me (to read/read) this book.

Did you notice anyone (come/to come) in?

Would you like him (to join/joining) us?

Did the doctor let him (going/go) out?

Suddenly I felt somebody (to take/take) me by the hand.

What makes you (think/to think) so?

Test 9 Choose the correct form.

1 want you (come/to come) with me.

1 don’t like (cook/cooking).

Have you ever heard her (sing/to sing)?

I don’t mind (getting up/to get up) early.

May I (open/to open) the window?

My father has decided (selling/to sell) his old car.

Brian wasn’t well. I advised him (go/to go) to the doctor.

Paul let me (use/to use) his phone.

1 hate (travelling/travel) alone.

If it’s a nice day tomorrow, I’d like (to have/ having) a picnic by the lake.

She can’t (to speak/speak) French.

I watched my brother (drawing/to draw).

She promised (to come/come) on time.

Have you finished (to do/doing) your home­work?

He’s very funny. He makes me (laugh/laugh­ing).

Test 10 Put the verb in brackets in the correct form (V-ing or infinitive).

I’d like (go) to Great Britain next year.

I’m good at (draw).

Peter is’ saving money because he wants (buy) a car.

We have decided (move) to the countryside. 5. 1 have finished (paint) the kitchen.

It makes me (feel) happy.

My uncle needs (see) a doctor.

She enjoys (listen) to pop music.

It’s difficult (win) this match.

Playing sports makes me (keep) fit.

I’m sorry, but I can’t (go) for a walk with you.

This museum is worth (visit).

Let me (help) you!

Thank you for (come).

I saw him (come) in and (sit) down.

Test 11 Which is correct: V-ing or infinitive?

It’s late. I must now.

a) go b) to go c) going

I’m sorry but I haven’t got time to you now.

a) talk b) to talk c) talking

Ann is always in the kitchen. She enjoys

a) cook b) to cook c) cooking

We’ve decided away for a few days.

a) go b) to go c) going

a) shout b) to shout c) shouting

Would you like to dinner on Sun­day?

a) come b) to come c) coming

That bag is too heavy for you. Let me you.

a) help b) to help c) helping

There’s a swimming-pool near my house. I go_____ every day.

a) swim b) to swim c) swimming

Did you use a dictionary the let­ter?

a) translate b) to translate c) for translating

I’d love a car like yours.

a) have b) to have c) having

Could you me with this bag,

a) help b) to help c) helping

I don’t mind here but I’d prefer to sit by the window.

a) sit b) to sit c) sitting

Do you want me you?

a) help b) to help c) helping

I always read the newspaper before work.

a) start b) to start c) starting

I wasn’t feeling very well but the medicine made me better.

a) feel b) to feel c) feeling

1. watching; 2. reading; 3. play; 4. swimming; 5. do; 6. play­ing; 7. play; 8. cook; 9. listening; 10. repairing

1. to see; 2. swimming; 3. to live; 4. to buy; 5. to help; 6. raining; 7. cooking; 8. to visit; 9. travelling; 10. to learn

1. to hear; 2. to pass; 3. reading; 4. to buy; 5. to stay; 6. to understand; 7. to see; 8. writing; 9. to take; 10. playing

1. a; 2. c; 3. b; 4. b; 5. c; 6. a; 7. b; 8. c; 9. c; 10. b; 11. a; 12. c; 13. b; 14. b; 16. a

1. b; 2. c; 3. a; 4. c; 5. b; 6. c; 7. a; 8. b; 9. c; 10. b; 11. b; 12. c; 13. a; 14. c; 15. b

1. to go out; 2. trying; 3. learning; 4. to travel; 5. winning; 6. to arrive; 7. to have; 8. ringing; 9. learning/to learn; 10. to go; 11. swimming/to swim; 12. to work, being; 13. eating, drinking, smoking; 14. to learn, to drive; 15. working

-, 12. to; 13. to; 14. to; 15. —

1. to make; 2. go; 3. wait; 4. to be; 5. writing; 6. do; 7. to read; 8. to pass; 9. singing; 10. to read; 11. come; 12. to join; 13. go; 14. take; 15. think

1. to come; 2. cooking; 3. sing; 4. getting up; 5. open; 6. to sell; 7. to go; 8. use; 9. travelling; 10. to have; 11. speak; 12. drawing; 13. to come; 14. doing; 15. laugh

1. to go; 2. drawing; 3. to buy; 4. to move; 5. painting; 6. feel; 7. to see; 8. listening; 9. to win; 10. keep; 11. go; 12. visiting; 13. help; 14. coming; 15. come, sit

1. a; 2. b; 3. c; 4. b; 5. c; 6. b; 7. a; 8. c; 9. b; 10. b; 11. a; 12. c; 13. b; 14. c; 15. a

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Урок 101. Глаголы английского языка, с которыми можно использовать и герундий, и инфинитив

Автор: София Стальская Высшее лингвистическое образование. Опыт работы 5 лет.

В английском языке существует ряд глаголов, после которых может использоваться как герундий, так и инфинитив. При этом значение предложения меняется. К этим глаголам относятся: stop, remember, forget, regret, try, go on, prefer. В чем же разница?

Глаголы stop, remember, forget, regret, try, go on, prefer

Stop