Ice cream is made of milk and sugar

What Is Ice Cream?

How Ice Cream is Made and How to Store It

Ice cream is a mixture of milk, cream, sugar, and sometimes other ingredients that has been frozen into a soft, creamy delight using special techniques. Ice cream has been a popular treat for hundreds of years but has only become commonplace since the widespread use of refrigeration. The exploding popularity of ice cream has led to a number of ice-cream variations including frozen custard, frozen yogurt, and even non-dairy versions made with ingredients like coconut milk.

Ice Cream Composition

In the United States, ice cream must contain 10 to 16 percent milk fat. Higher milk fat ice creams generally have a smoother texture because they contain a lower amount of water and, therefore, fewer ice crystals. Ice creams that contain less than 10% milkfat are referred to as «ice milk» or more popularly, «low fat» ice cream.

In addition to milk or cream, ice cream often contains stabilizers, like gluten, to help keep the mixture a consistent texture. Sugar or sugar substitutes are usually added to provide the sweet flavor that most people expect. No-sugar-added varieties of ice cream have become popular and rely on the addition of fruit and milk’s natural sugars for their subtle sweetness.

The variety of flavors and additives in ice cream has kept its popularity strong with consumers. From tropical fruits like mango or less common ones like pomegranate to unconventional flavors like coffee or basil, thousands of ice-cream flavors, both savory and sweet, have been created over the years.

How Ice Cream Is Made

If you place a container of milk or cream in the freezer, you’ll end up with a stiff block of frozen liquid, not the soft, creamy ice cream that we’re used to. Special techniques are employed to make ice cream that creates smaller ice crystals and incorporates air, which produces a soft texture.

Constantly churning ice cream, whether by hand or mechanically, ensures that large, stiff ice crystals do not form within the mixture. The churning process also serves to introduce air and create a foam-like texture, further softening the mixture. However, there are no-churn options to make ice cream.

Salt, which lowers the melting point of ice, is often used in the ice-cream making process. When the melting point of ice is lowered, it draws heat out from the ice-cream mixture faster, causing it to freeze at a quicker rate. Freezing the mixture quickly produces smaller ice crystals and a softer final product. The salt that is mixed with the ice never comes in contact with the ice cream and therefore does not affect the sodium content. The salt-filled ice is packed around an inner ice-cream chamber that keeps the ice cream in and salt out.

Liquid nitrogen and dry ice can also be used to make ice cream as they also produce a quick freezing action. The popular mall treat Dippin Dots consists of small balls of ice cream created using liquid nitrogen to freeze small droplets of cream.

How to Store Ice Cream

Ice cream should be kept as cold as possible during its transport from the store to home. The process of melting and refreezing can create large ice crystals and reduce its smooth texture, making it hard to scoop and giving it an odd feel.

Store ice cream in the main compartment of your freezer, rather than the door, to make sure it stays well below its freezing point. Items in the freezer door are repeatedly exposed to warmer air when the door is opened, which can cause a thaw and refreeze cycle and lower the texture quality of the ice cream.

To prevent ice crystals and rogue flavors from absorbing into your ice cream after opening, simply press a piece of plastic wrap onto the surface of the ice cream and then replace the lid. This will provide a barrier from air and moisture while it is stored in the freezer. For the best flavor and texture, consume ice cream within a month of purchase.

Grammar Tests

A. Fill in a, an, the, –

1. He was born in _______ small Russian town.

2. _______ Petrovs are our neighbours.

3. _______ ice-cream is made of milk and sugar.

4. Have you heard that the Ivanovs have got _______ new flat?

5. I’m going to revise _______ words and grammar of Lesson 13.

6. _______ United States of America consists of 50 states.

7. Look, _________ snow near __________ factory is almost black.

8. Moscow stands on _______ Moskva River.

9. Please give me _________ milk; I like _________ milk for dinner.

Key: 1. b; 2. c; 3. d; 4. c; 5. c; 6. b; 7. b; 8. a; 9. c

B. Fill in some, any, no, a

1. I want _______ paper to write _______ letter.

2. You need _______ sharp knife to cut _______ wood.

3. John gave me _______ good advice, but I didn’t take _______ notice.

4. I went to the manager to get _______ information.

5. I have _______ paper to write _______ letter to my friend now.

6. I’d like _______ cup of coffee and _______ water, please.

7. There aren’t _______ easy ways of learning languages.

8. Do you want _______ more coffee?

9. Can _______ of you help me to finish the work?

10. _______ of them told me that the Petrovs had moved to Moscow.

Key: 1. b; 2. b; 3. c; 4. c; 5. b; 6. b; 7. c; 8. c; 9. b, 10. b

C. Present Simple, Present Continuous

1. The sun _______ brightly, look how beautiful it is.

2. She _______ the house daily.

a) cleans b) is cleaned c) has cleaned

3. The news bulletin _______ at 9 p.m.

4. I’m still _______ for an answer to my questions.

5. The children generally _______ their homework at school.

6. Some people try to improve their English by _______ the BBC World Service.

a) listening
b) to listen
c) listening to

7. In some places _______ almost every day.

a) it is raining
b) it rains
c) there rains

8. The sun _______ in the East.

9. Don’t interrupt her, she _______ her homework.

10. When everybody _______ we shall begin the meeting.

Key: 1. b; 2. a; 3. b; 4. b; 5. c; 6. c; 7. b; 8. c; 9. a; 10. b

D. Used to

1. I always _______ take the car on Sundays.

2. We __________ live in the country, but now we live in the suburbs.

3. I’ve got _______ to getting up early.

4. Tom _______ travel a lot but these days he doesn’t go away very often.

5. Lions _______ to guard the Tower of London up to 1784.

6. They often _______ go to the theatre when they lived in London.

Key: 1. b; 2. a; 3. b; 4. b; 5. c; 6. c

E. Make Sentences by putting the words in order.

1. newspapers, shelf, on, this, any, there, Are?
2. any, There, not, the, magazines, table, on, are.
3. is, not, the, in, There, anybody, dining-room.
4. some, went, I, night, friends, last, to, with, the, pub.
5. long, married, they, How, been, have?
6. many, there, How, every, are, everyday, lectures, in, time-table, your?
7. Chinese, the, Many, people, is, world’s, language, think, difficult, that, most.
8. Walt, is, known, well, Disney, the, very, all, world, over.
9. neither, like, books, dull, nor, films, I, dull.
10. people, we, international, all, think, Some, should, speak, language, single, a.
11. this, What, in, there, monument, is, street?
12. friend, at, plant, work, the, does, not, Your.
13. am, looking, for, the, I, dictionary.
14. should, temperature, You, twice, day, a, your, take.

1. Are there any newspapers on this shelf?
2. There are not any magazines on the table.
3. There is not anybody in the dining-room.
4. I went to the pub last night with some friends.
5. How long have they been married?
6. How many lectures are there in your time-table every day.
7. Many people think that Chinese is the world’s most difficult language.
8. Walt Disney is very well known all over the world.
9. I like neither dull books nor dull films.
10. Some people think we should all speak a single international language.
11. What monument is there in this street?
12. Your friend does not work at the plant.
13. I am looking for the dictionary.
14. You should take your temperature twice a day.

F. Neither … nor, both … and, either … or

Join these sentences using the words in brackets.

1. He doesn’t drink a lot. He doesn’t eat a lot.
2. They would like fruit. They would like ice-cream.
3. John will give you the book. John will lend you the book.
4. She doesn’t eat bread. She doesn’t eat potatoes.
5. John will help you. Mary will help you.
6. They understand Chinese. They speak Chinese.
7. I don’t know Peter. I don’t know John.

Key: 1. neither … nor; 2. both … and; 3. either … or; 4. neither … nor; 5. either … or; 6. both … and; 7. either … or

G. Complete these sentences using an appropriate form of “could or to be able to” (sometimes both are possible).

When I was at school I (1)_______ (speak) German quite well, but last week I met a German at a party and (2)_______ (not understand) a word he said. He spoke a little English and he (3)_______ (tell) me that he was staying in England only for a few days.
He was a nice man and I would have invited him home if I (4)_______ (understand) him better. He didn’t look German, in fact he (5)_______ (be) English from his appearance. He invited me to Germany next summer and I would go if I (6)________ (afford) it. Mary speaks German and she (7)________ (come) with me if I went. My boss said that I (8)_______ (take) my holiday in June if I wanted to. After the party my car wouldn’t start, but the German gentleman was staying near where I live so he (9)_______ (take) me home in his car. Then, when I got home, I found I didn’t have a key, but the kitchen window was open so I (10)______ (climb) in.

Key: 1. could speak; 2. couldn’t understand (wasn’t able to understand); 3. he was able to tell; 4. had been able to understand (could have understood); 5. could have been; 6. could afford; 7. could come (would be able to come); 8. could take; 9. was able to take; 10. was able to climb

H. Put questions to the words in bold.

1. Her father was a teacher of science.
2. After many years of waiting she finally left her native city in 1891.
3. She lived in a bare attic in the poorest quarter of Paris.
4. Her meals were poor.
5. The University of Paris refused him a laboratory.
6. At this time Mrs. Curie got her Master’s degree in Physics.

1. Who? What kind of teacher…?
2. What did she do? When?
3. Who? What kind of?
4. What? What kind…?
5. What university? What did it do?
6. What did she get? On what subject?

I. Other, another

1. Give me _______ pen.
2. There were _______ boys whom I did not know at all.
3. She received _______ degree.
4. I read these books. One is interesting, _______ is dull.
5. She worked at _______ book last year.
6. Have you got _______ lessons today?
7. He chose _______ course.
8. This laboratory is on the first floor, _______ is on the second.
9. Where is _______ piece of chalk?
10. Tell me something about _______ discoveries.

Key: 1. another; 2. other; 3. another; 4. another; 5. another; 6. other; 7. another; 8. the other; 9. another; 10. other

By A. Selimkhanova,
School No. 814, Moscow

Ice cream is made of milk and sugar

Задание №12100.
Чтение. ОГЭ по английскому

Установите соответствие между заголовками 1 — 8 и текстами A — G. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании один заголовок лишний.

1. Fictional characters also love it
2. How to make ice cream colourful
3. Can be good for health
4. What it is made of
5. The origin of ice cream
6. Ice cream official events
7. The unique taste of the ice cream
8. Now available for everyone

A. Ice cream is an iced dessert generally made from dairy products. Most historians think that this dessert was brought to Europe from China. A dish similar to ice cream was made in China around 200 B.C. The earliest references to ice cream in Europe are connected with Nero, a Roman emperor. He ordered ice from the mountains and mixed it with milk and then added fruit toppings to it.

B. In the old days, before refrigerators became common kitchen equipment, ice cream was a dish only for the rich, and royalty. It was not an everyday food – it was eaten on special occasions and was very expensive. The development of refrigeration technology quickly made ice cream a commonly enjoyed dessert around the world. Today, people can easily make ice cream at home with the help of portable ice cream makers.

C. The most important ingredients in ice cream are milk, sugar and. air. Without air mixed in, ice cream would be as hard as a rock, not much different from flavored ice. The quality of an ice cream depends on the amount of air in it. Sugar and fats are important too. Sugar in ice cream lowers its melting point, and the fats are responsible for its creamy texture.

D. According to scientists, ice cream contains vitamins, calcium, proteins and other useful substances for the body. A huge amount of calcium makes this product extremely valuable. Due to the calcium, ice cream can strengthen bones, normalize blood pressure and support the immune system. The cold dessert can be a part of breakfast, lunch and dinner.

E. Russians are great consumers of ice cream. They love sweets in general and they can eat ice cream in any season no matter how cold it is. The flavour of Russian ice cream is special. It’s much creamier than the low-calorie stuff people are used to in Western countries. True, it contains more fat but it is tastier. The most popular kinds of ice cream in Russia are plombir and eskimo.

F. Americans consume more ice cream per person than any other nation on the planet, especially in summer time. July is a month when Americans have lots of ice cream festivals and different events dedicated to the sweet dessert. Moreover, the third Sunday of the month is National Ice Cream Day. Ice cream stores and factories throughout the country come up with all sorts of ice cream in different designs and colours.

G. There are many references to ice cream in different books. One of them is Roald Dahl’s story ‘Charlie and the Chocolate Factory’. There, Grandpa Joe tells his grandson about Mr Wonka and his magical chocolate inventions – the chocolate ice cream that never melts, even under the hot sun. In the famous Harry Potter novels, ice cream is often mentioned as a favourite dessert of the young magicians. Harry, Ron, and Hermione often enjoyed strawberry-and-peanut-butter ice creams.

Решение:
Заголовок 5 (The origin of ice cream. — Происхождение мороженого) соответствует содержанию текста A: «Most historians think that this dessert was brought to Europe from China.»

Заголовок 8 (Now available for everyone. — Теперь доступно всем) соответствует содержанию текста B: «. quickly made ice cream a commonly enjoyed dessert around the world.»

Заголовок 4 (What it is made of. — Из чего это сделано) соответствует содержанию текста C: «The most important ingredients in ice cream are milk, sugar and. air.»

Заголовок 3 (Can be good for health. — Может быть полезно для здоровья) соответствует содержанию текста D: «According to scientists, ice cream contains vitamins, calcium, proteins. »

Заголовок 7 (The unique taste of the ice cream. — Неповторимый вкус мороженого) соответствует содержанию текста E: «The flavour of Russian ice cream is special.»

Заголовок 6 (Ice cream official events. — Официальные мероприятия мороженого) соответствует содержанию текста F: «July is a month when Americans have lots of ice cream festivals. »

Заголовок 1 (Fictional characters also love it. — Вымышленные персонажи тоже любят это) соответствует содержанию текста G: «There are many references to ice cream in different books.»

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Источник: ФИПИ. Открытый банк тестовых заданий
Сообщить об ошибке

Выберите правильный артикль : On … Monday we open at 9 o’clock?

Выберите правильный артикль : On … Monday we open at 9 o’clock.

Какой перевод в словах eggs, orange, juice, cake, lemonade, chocolate, milk, sandwiches, water, ice cream, rice?

Какой перевод в словах eggs, orange, juice, cake, lemonade, chocolate, milk, sandwiches, water, ice cream, rice.

Заполнить таблицу : ice cream, like, biscuits, rice, big, milk nine, fish, kite, chicken (ai), (I)?

Заполнить таблицу : ice cream, like, biscuits, rice, big, milk nine, fish, kite, chicken (ai), (I).

Помогите пожалуйста?

Варианты ответа : а)sea sand б)sugar в)milk.

Look and match 1?

Look and match 1.

Ice cream a)is made from fruit b)is made from milk and sugar c)is made from potatoes d)is made from cocoa beans.

Соедини эти слова в пары, чтобы показать, что с чем часто едят или пьют?

Соедини эти слова в пары, чтобы показать, что с чем часто едят или пьют.

Образец tea and milk.

Слова coffee, juice, butter, cake, bread, jam, soup, tea, soup, tea, water, ice cream, lemon, milk.

Как переводится ice cream?

Как переводится ice cream.

Как перевести с англискйского и прочитать с английского по русски : ice cream, pizza, milk, orange juice, chocolate cake?

Как перевести с англискйского и прочитать с английского по русски : ice cream, pizza, milk, orange juice, chocolate cake.

1) we were waiting for the train on the platform. 2)we ussuslly have a breakfast at 9 o’clock. 7) lf they ho to Kyiv, they will visit many musseums. 8) l will dance if they played my favourite song 9)Go to the kitchen.

Ex 2 1. D 2. E 3. B 4. A 5. F 6. C Ex 3 2. Shorter 3. Bigger 4. Older / Elder 5. Younger 6. More comfortable.

1. Kazakhstan, Astana. 2. very big country 3. Many 4. Kazakh.

1) Great Britain / London 2) busy city 3)8 million 4) english.

1 1) If it (is not) too cold, I (not put) on my coat. 2) I (will write) the composition if you (do not disturb) me. 3) His vocabulary (will increase) greatly if he ( reads) fifty pages. 4) You (will go) to the Philarmonic much more often if you re..

1) used to go swimming 2) was dancing 3) were you laughing 4) used to drink 5) rode 6) was writing 7) was raining 8) used to play 9) Sang 10) was cleaning.

Are is are aren’t are isn’t is aren’t are isn’t is is.

1)I spend the time of my life right 2)The wall is very dense 3)The mouth of the river is its end 4)We make our way through the storm 5)We will win and get the main winning.

Ice Cream

History

Our love affair with ice cream is centuries old. The ancient Greeks, Romans, and Jews were known to chill wines and juices. This practice evolved into fruit ices and, eventually, frozen milk and cream mixtures. In the first century, Emperor Nero reportedly sent messengers to the mountains to collect snow so that his kitchen staff could make concoctions flavored with fruit and honey. Twelve centuries later, Marco Polo introduced Europe to a frozen milk dessert similar to the modern sherbet that he had enjoyed in the Far East. The Italians were especially fond of the frozen confection that by the sixteenth century was being called ice cream. In 1533, the young Italian princess Catherine de Medici went to France as the bride of the future King Henry II. Included in her trousseau were recipes for frozen desserts. The first public sale of ice cream occurred in Paris at the Café Procope in 1670.

Frozen desserts were also popular in England. Guests at the coronation banquet of Henry V of England in the fourteenth century enjoyed a dessert called cremefrez. By the seventeenth century, Charles I was served creme ice on a regular basis. Eighteen-century English cookbooks contained recipes for ice cream flavored with apricots, violets, rose petals, chocolate, and caramel. Other early flavorings included macaroon and rum. In early America, George Washington and Thomas Jefferson were especially fond of ice cream. Dolley Madison was known to serve it at White House state dinners.

Because ice was expensive and refrigeration had not yet been invented, ice cream was still considered a treat for the wealthy or for those in colder climates. (In a note written in 1794, Beethoven described the Austrians’ fear that an unseasonably warm winter would prevent them from enjoying ice cream.) Furthermore, the process of making ice cream was cumbersome and time-consuming. A mixture of dairy products, eggs, and flavorings was poured into a pot and beaten while, simultaneously, the pot was shaken up and down in a pan of salt and ice.

The development of ice harvesting and the invention of the insulated icehouse in the nineteenth century made ice more accessible to the general public. In 1846, Nancy Johnson designed a hand-cranked ice cream freezer that improved production slightly. The first documented full-time manufacturing of ice cream took place in Baltimore, Maryland, in 1851 when a milk dealer named Jacob Fussell found himself with a surplus of fresh cream. Workipg quickly before the cream soured, Fussell made an abundance of ice cream and sold it at a discount. The popular demand soon convinced him that selling ice cream was more profitable than selling milk.

However, production was still cumbersome, and the industry grew slowly until the industrialization movement of the early twentieth century brought electric power, steam power, and mechanical refrigeration. By the 1920s, agricultural schools were offering courses on ice cream production. Trade associations for members of the industry were created to promote the consumption of ice cream and to fight proposed federal regulations that would call for selling ice cream by weight rather than volume, and the disclosure of ingredients.

The Prohibition era proved to be very profitable for the ice cream industry. Denied alcoholic beverages, many people ate ice cream instead. Breweries were often converted to ice cream factories, although it is likely that some of the plants were merely fronts for illegal liquor sales. Although the repeal of Prohibition in 1933 and the ensuing depression slowed ice cream sales, the industry continued to grow. The movie industry was especially instrumental in the promotion of ice cream and scenes depicting stars enjoying the frozen concoctions were plentiful. Ice cream parlors sprang up in every town and the parlor employee, the so-called soda jerk, developed into a cultural icon.

After World War II, with raw materials readily available again, the ice cream industry produced over 20 qt (19 1) of ice cream for each American per year. During the 1950s, competition sprang up between the ice cream parlor and the drug store that sold packaged ice cream. It was during this time that usage of lesser quality ingredients increased. Many producers were adding very low percentages of butterfat and pumping large quantities of air into the ice cream to fill out the carton.

The 1970s saw the development of gourmet ice cream manufacturers with an emphasis on natural ingredients. People also became interested in making ice cream at home. Upscale restaurants offer homemade ice cream on their dessert lists.

Raw Materials

Today, ice cream is made from a blend of dairy products (cream, condensed milk, butterfat), sugar, flavorings, and federally approved additives. Eggs are added for some flavorings, particularly French vanilla. The broad guidelines allow producers to use ingredients ranging from sweet cream to nonfat dry milk, cane sugar to corn-syrup solids, fresh eggs to powdered eggs. Federal regulations do stipulate that each package of ice cream must contain at least 10% butterfat.

The additives, which act as emulsifiers and stabilizers, are used to prevent heat shock and the formation of ice crystals during the production process. The most common additives are guar gum, extracted from the guar bush, and carrageenan, derived from sea kelp or Irish moss.

Ice cream flavors have come a long way from the standard vanilla, strawberry, and chocolate. By the 1970s, the International Association of Ice Cream Manufacturers had recorded over 400 different flavors of ice cream. In an ever-expanding array of combinations, fruit purees and extracts, cocoa powder, nuts, cookie pieces, and cookie dough are blended into the ice cream mixture.

Air is added to ice cream to improve its ability to absorb flavorings and to facilitate serving. Without air, ice cream becomes heavy and soggy. On the other hand, too much air results in ice cream that is snowy and dry. The federal government allows ice cream to contain as much as 100% of its volume in air, known in the industry as overrun.

Makers of high-quality ice cream (sometimes known as gourmet ice cream) use fresh whole dairy products, a low percentage of air (approximately 20%), between 16-20% butterfat, and as few additives as possible.

The Manufacturing
Process

Although ice cream is available in a variety of forms, including novelty items such as chocolate-dipped bars and sandwiches, the following description applies to ice cream that is packaged in pint and half-gallon containers.

Blending the mixture

Pasteurizing to kill bacteria

Homogenizing to produce a uniform texture

Cooling and resting to blend flavors

Flavoring the ice cream

Freezing to soft-serve consistency

Adding fruit and sweetened chunks

Packaging and bundling the finished product

Hardening

Quality Control

Every mixture is randomly tested during the production process. Butterfat and solid levels are tested. The bacteria levels are measured. Each mixture is also taste-tested.

Ice cream producers also carefully monitor the ingredients that they purchase from outside suppliers.

The Future

Ice cream manufacturers continue to develop new flavorings. Ironically, given the industry’s experiences during Prohibition, one of the more recent innovations has been the introduction of liqueur-flavored ice creams.

Where to Learn More

Books

Dickson, Paul. The Great American Ice Cream Book. Atheneum, 1972.

Lager, Fred. Ben and Jerry’s: The Inside Scoop. Crown Publishers, 1994.

Periodicals

«Centrifugal pumps handle chocolate: overcoming the challenges of pumping heavy products.» Dairy Foods, September 1994.

Gorski, Donna. «A cordial challenge.» Dairy Foods, January 1995.

O’Donnell, Claudia D. «The story behind the story: two dairy processors tell a tale of fruits, flavors and nuts.» Dairy Foods, May 1993.