If you go past the magnificent tombstones of kings and queens some made
If you go past the magnificent tombstones of kings and queens some made
Westminster Abbey
History. Architecture. The Chapel of Henry VII. Tombs and Memorials.
It is safe to say that the three most famous buildings in England are Westminster Abbey, the Tower of London and St. Paul’s Cathedral.
The Chapel is of stone and glass, so wonderfully cut and sculptured that it seems unreal. It contains an interesting collection of swords and standards of the “Knights of the Bath” (кавалеры ордена Вани). The Abbey is famous for its stained glass (витраж).
Since the far-off time of William the Conqueror Westminster Abbey has been the crowning place of the kings and queens of England. The Abbey is sometimes compared with a mausoleum, because there are tombs and memorials of almost all English monarchs, many statesmen, famous scientists, writers and musicians.
If you go past the magnificent tombstones of kings and queens, some made of gold and precious stones, past the gold-and-silver banners of the Order of the Garter(орден Подвязки), which are hanging from the ceiling, you will come to Poets’ Corner. There many of the greatest writers are buried: Geoffrey Chaucer, Samuel Johnson, Charles Dickens, Alfred Tennyson, Thomas Hardy and Rudyard Kipling. Here too, though these writers are not buried in Westminster Abbey, are memorials to William Shakespeare and John Milton, Burns and Byron, Walter Scott, William Thackeray and the great American poet Henry Wadsworth Longfellow.
Here in the Abbey there is also the Tomb of the Unknown Warrior, a symbol of the nation’s grief. The inscription on the tomb reads: “Beneath this stone rests the body of a British Warrior unknown by name or rank brought from France to lie among the most illustrious of the land. ”.
St. Paul’s Cathedral
History of Wren’ Creation. What It Looks Like. The Interior.
The Whispering Gallery.
St. Paul’s Cathedral is the work of the famous architect Sir Christopher Wren. It is said to be one of the finest pieces of architecture in Europe. Work on Wren’s masterpiece began in 1675 after a Norman church, old St. Paul’s, was destroyed in the Great Fire of 1666. For 35 years the building of St. Paul’s Cathedral went on, and Wren was an old man before it was finished.
From far away you can see the huge dome with a golden ball and cross on the top. The interior of the Cathedral is very beautiful. It is full of monuments. The most important, perhaps, is the one dedicated to the Duke of Wellington. After looking round you can climb 263 steps to the Whispering Gallery, which runs round the dome. It is called so, because if someone whispers close to the wall on one side, a person with his ear close to the wall on the other side can hear what is said. But if you want to reach the foot of the ball, you have to climb 637 steps.
As for Christopher Wren, who is now known as “the architect of London”, he found his fame only after his death. He was buried in the Cathedral. Buried here are Nelson, Wellington and Sir Joshua Reynolds.
A. Westminster Abbey
It is safe to say that the three most famous buildings in England are Westminster Abbey, the Tower of London and St. Paul’s Cathedral.
Westminster Abbey is a fine Gothic building, which stands opposite the Houses of Parliament. It is the work of many hands and different ages. The oldest part of the building dates from the eighth century.
It was a monastery. In the 11th century, Edward the Confessor after years spent in France founded a great Norman Abbey. In 200 years Henry III decided to pull down the Norman Abbey and build a more beautiful one after the style then prevailing in France. Since then the Abbey remains the most French of all English Gothic churches, higher than any other English church (103 feet) and much narrower. The towers were built between 1735— 1740. One of the greater glories of the Abbey is the Chapel of Henry VII, with its delicate fan-vaulting.
The Chapel is of stone and glass, so wonderfully cut and sculptured that it seems unreal. It contains an interesting collection of swords and standards of the «Knights of the Bath». The Abbey is famous for its stained glass.
Since the far-off time of William the Conqueror, Westminster Abbey has been the crowning place of the kings and queens of England. The Abbey is sometimes compared with a mausoleum, because there are tombs and memorials of almost all English monarchs, many statesmen, famous scientists, writers and musicians. In 1997, the funeral of Diana, Princess of Wales, took place there.
If you go past the magnificent tombstones of kings and queens, some made of gold and precious stones, past the gold-and-silver banners of the Order of the Garter which are hanging from the ceiling, you will come to Poets’ Corner. There many of the greatest writers are buried: Geoffrey Chaucer’, Samuel Johnson, Charles Dickens, Alfred Tennyson, Thomas Hardy and Rudyard Kipling. Here too, though these writers are not buried in Westminster Abbey, are memorials to William Shakespeare and John Milton, Burns and Byron, Walter Scott, William Makepeace Thackeray and the great American poet Henry Wadsworth Longfellow.
Here in the Abbey there is also the Tomb of the Unknown Warrior, a symbol of the nation’s grief. The inscription on the tomb reads: «Beneath this stone rests the body of a British Warrior unknown by name or rank brought from France to lie among the most illustrious of the land. «
In the Royal Air Force Chapel there is a monument to those who died during the Battle of Britain, the famous and decisive air battle over the territory of Britain in the Second World War.
The Chapel of Henry VII – часовня Генриха VII (сооружена в 1503-1513гг.; один из лучших образцов перпендикулярного архитектурного стиля)
Edward the Confessor – Эдуард Исповедник (король Англии с 1042 по1066гг.)
Henry III Генрих III (1207-1272) – английский король с 1216г. (при Генрихе III создан первый английский парламент)
fan-vaulting нервюры, веерный ребристый свод
“Knights of the Bath” – кавалеры ордена Бани (один из высших орденов; учреждён в 1425г.)
stained glass витраж
the Order of the Garter – орден Подвязки (высший орден; число награждённых, не считая иностранцев, не должно превышать 24; учреждён в 1348г.)
Samuel Johnson – Сэмюэл Джонсон (1709-1784), английский критик и поэт, составитель словарей
Alfred Tennyson – Алфред Теннисон (1809-1892), английский поэт, автор цикла поэм «Королевские идиллии» (1859)
Thomas Hardy – Томас Харди (1840-1928), английский романист и лирический поэт, автор романов Тэсс из рода д’Эрбервиллей (1891) и Джуд Незаметный (1896)
Rudyard Kipling – Редьярд Киплинг (1865-1936), английский писатель и поэт, автор рассказов о жизни мальчика Маугли среди зверей (Книга джунглей, 1894, Вторая книга джунглей, 1895), автор стихов баллад; лауреат нобелевской премии (1907)
John Milton – Джон Мильтон (1608-1674), английский поэт, политический деятель; завершает историческую полосу развития художественной культуры Англии, возникшей в эпоху Возрождения; автор поэм «Потерянный рай» (1667), «Возвращённый рай» (1671) и др.
William Makepeace Thackeray – Уильям Мейкпис Теккерей (1811-1863), английский романист, автор романа «Ярмарка тщеславия» (1848), воплотившего социально-типические пороки буржуазного общества, исторических романов «История Генри Эсмонда» (1852) и «Виргинцы» (1857)
Henry Wadsworth Longfellow – Генри Уодсуорт Лонгфелло (1807-1882), известный американский поэт, автор поэмы «Песнь о Гайавате» (1855) – эпоса о народном герое индейцев
Royal Air Force – ВВС Великобритании
Battle of Britain – Битва за Англию (воздушные бои в районе Лондона и южной Англии в 1940-1941гг.)
It is safe to say that the three mo
Вестминстерское аббатство является прекрасным готическим зданием, которое стоит напротив здания парламента. Это работа многих рук и разных возрастов. Самая старая часть здания датируется восьмого века.
С далекого времени Вильгельма Завоевателя, Вестминстерское аббатство было короновали королей и королев Англии. Аббатство иногда сравнивают с мавзолея, потому что есть могилы и мемориалы почти всех английских монархов, многие государственные деятели, известные ученые, писатели и музыканты. В 1997 году на похоронах Дианы, принцессы Уэльской, там произошло.
Если вы идете мимо великолепных надгробий королей и королев, некоторые из золота и драгоценных камней, мимо золотых и серебряных-баннеры ордена Подвязки, которые висят на потолке, вы попадете в Уголке Поэтов. Там многие из величайших писателей похоронены: Джеффри Чосера», Сэмюэл Джонсон, Чарльз Диккенс, Альфред Теннисон, Томас Харди и Редьярда Киплинга. Здесь тоже, хотя эти авторы не захоронены в Вестминстерском аббатстве, являются мемориалы Уильяма Шекспира и Джона Мильтона, Бернс и Байрон, Вальтер Скотт, Теккерей и великого американского поэта Лонгфелло.
Можно с уверенностью сказать, что три самых известных здания в Англии Вестминстерское аббатство, Лондонский Тауэр и собор Святого Павла.
Часовня из камня и стекла, так чудесно вырезать и скульптурные, что кажется нереальным. Он содержит интересную коллекцию мечей и стандартов «Рыцарей бани». Аббатство славится своими витражами.
С далекого времени Вильгельма Завоевателя Вестминстерское аббатство было венцом королей и королев Англии. Аббатство иногда сравнивают с мавзолеем, потому что здесь находятся гробницы и мемориалы почти всех английских монархов, многих государственных деятелей, известных ученых, писателей и музыкантов. В 1997 году там состоялись похороны принцессы Уэльской Дианы.
Если вы пройдете мимо великолепных надгробий королей и королев, некоторые из золота и драгоценных камней, мимо золото-серебряных знамен Ордена Подвязки, которые свисают с потолка, вы придете к Углу поэтов. Там похоронены многие из величайших писателей: Джеффри Чосер, Сэмюэл Джонсон, Чарльз Диккенс, Альфред Теннисон, Томас Харди и Редьярд Киплинг. Здесь тоже, хотя эти писатели не похоронены в Вестминстерском аббатстве, являются памятниками Уильяму Шекспиру и Джону Милтону, Бернсу и Байрону, Уолтеру Скотту, Уильяму Макепису Теккерею и великому американскому поэту Генри Уодсворту Лонгфелло.
Здесь, в аббатстве, находится также Могила Неизвестного Воина, символ горя нации. Надпись на могиле гласит: «Под этим камнем лежит тело британского воина неизвестного по имени или рангу, привезенные из Франции, чтобы лежать среди самых прославленных земель. «
В часовне Королевских военно-воздушных сил установлен памятник погибшим во время битвы за Британию, знаменитой и решительной воздушной битве за территорию Великобритании во Второй мировой войне.
It is safe to say that the three mo
It is safe to say that the three most famous buildings in England are Westminster Abbey, the Tower of London and St. Paul’s Cathedral.
Westminster Abbey is a fine Gothic building, which stands opposite the Houses of Parliament. It is the work of many hands and different ages. The oldest part of the building dates from the eighth century.
It was a monastery – the West Minster. In the 11th century, Edward the Confessor after years spent in France founded a great Norman Abbey. In 200 years Henry III decided to pull down the Norman Abbey and build a more beautiful one after the style then prevailing in France. Since then the Abbey remains the most French of all English Gothic churches, higher than any other English church (103 feet) and much narrower. The towers were built between 1735–1740. One of the greater glories of the Abbey is the Chapel of Henry VII, with its delicate fan-vaulting.
The Chapel is of stone and glass, so wonderfully cut and sculptured that it seems unreal. It contains an interesting collection of swords and standards of the “Knights of the Bath”. The Abbey is famous for its stained glass.
Since the far-off time of William the Conqueror, Westminster Abbey has been the crowning place of the kings and queens of England. The Abbey is sometimes compared with a mausoleum, because there are tombs and memorials of almost all English monarchs, many statesmen, famous scientists, writers and musicians. In 1997, the funeral of Diana, Princess of Wales, took place there.
If you go past the magnificent tombstones of kings and queens, some made of gold and precious stones, past the gold-and-silver banners of the Order of the Garter which are hanging from the ceiling, you will come to Poets’ Corner. There many of the greatest writers are buried: Geoffrey Chaucer’, Samuel Johnson, Charles Dickens, Alfred Tennyson, Thomas Hardy and Rudyard Kipling. Here too, though these writers are not buried in Westminster Abbey, are memorials to William Shakespeare and John Milton, Burns and Byron, Walter Scott, William Makepeace Thackeray and the great American poet Henry Wadsworth Longfellow.
Here in the Abbey there is also the Tomb of the Unknown Warrior, a symbol of the nation’s grief. The inscription on the tomb reads: “Beneath this stone rests the body of a British Warrior unknown by name or rank brought from France to lie among the most illustrious of the land. ”
In the Royal Air Force Chapel there is a monument to those who died during the Battle of Britain, the famous and decisive air battle over the territory of Britain in the Second World War.
Дополнительные задания к книге “Britain in Brief” В.В. Ощепковой и И.И. Шустиловой
CULTURE
Text 3. Westminster Abbey
History • Architecture • The Chapel of Henry VII • Tombs and Memorials • Poets’ Corner • Memorials of Warriors
It is safe to say that the three most famous buildings in England are Westminster Abbey, the Tower of London and St. Paul’s Cathedral.
Westminster Abbey is a fine Gothic building, which stands opposite the Houses of Parliament. It is the work of many hands and different ages. The oldest part of the building dates from the eighth century.
It was a monastery – the West Minster. In the 11th century, Edward the Confessor after years spent in France founded a great Norman Abbey. In 200 years Henry III decided to pull down the Norman Abbey and build a more beautiful one after the style then prevailing in France. Since then the Abbey remains the most French of all English Gothic churches, higher than any other English church (103 feet) and much narrower. The towers were built between 1735–1740. One of the greater glories of the Abbey is the Chapel of Henry VII, with its delicate fan-vaulting.
The Chapel is of stone and glass, so wonderfully cut and sculptured that it seems unreal. It contains an interesting collection of swords and standards of the “Knights of the Bath”. The Abbey is famous for its stained glass.
Since the far-off time of William the Conqueror, Westminster Abbey has been the crowning place of the kings and queens of England. The Abbey is sometimes compared with a mausoleum, because there are tombs and memorials of almost all English monarchs, many statesmen, famous scientists, writers and musicians. In 1997, the funeral of Diana, Princess of Wales, took place there.
If you go past the magnificent tombstones of kings and queens, some made of gold and precious stones, past the gold-and-silver banners of the Order of the Garter which are hanging from the ceiling, you will come to Poets’ Corner. There many of the greatest writers are buried: Geoffrey Chaucer’, Samuel Johnson, Charles Dickens, Alfred Tennyson, Thomas Hardy and Rudyard Kipling. Here too, though these writers are not buried in Westminster Abbey, are memorials to William Shakespeare and John Milton, Burns and Byron, Walter Scott, William Makepeace Thackeray and the great American poet Henry Wadsworth Longfellow.
Here in the Abbey there is also the Tomb of the Unknown Warrior, a symbol of the nation’s grief. The inscription on the tomb reads: “Beneath this stone rests the body of a British Warrior unknown by name or rank brought from France to lie among the most illustrious of the land. ”
In the Royal Air Force Chapel there is a monument to those who died during the Battle of Britain, the famous and decisive air battle over the territory of Britain in the Second World War.
The Chapel of Henry VII часовня Генриха VII (сооружена в 1503–1513 гг.; один из лучших образцов перпендикулярного архитектурного стиля)
Edward the Confessor Эдуард Исповедник (король Англии с 1042 по 1066 гг.)
Henry III Генрих III (1207–1272), английский король с 1216 г. (при Генрихе III создан первый английский парламент)
fan-vaulting нервюры, веерный ребристый свод (характерная черта перпендикулярного архитектурного стиля)
“Knights of the Bath” кавалеры ордена Бани (один из высших орденов; учреждён в 1425 г.)
stained glass витраж (цветные стекла в окнах, дверях, составляющие орнаментальную композицию)
the Order of the Garter орден Подвязки (высший орден; число награждённых, не считая иностранцев, не должно превышать 24; учреждён в 1348 г.)
Geoffrey Chaucer Джефри Чосер (1340–1400), поэт, прозаик, “отец английской поэзии”; автор “Кентерберийских рассказов” – одного из первых памятников на общеанглийском литературном языке
Samuel Johnson Сэмюэл Джонсон (1709–1784), английский критик и поэт, составитель словарей
Alfred Tennyson Алфред Теннисон (1809–1892), английский поэт, автор цикла поэм “Королевские идиллии” (1859)
Thomas Hardy Томас Харди (1840–1928), английский романист и лирический поэт, автор романов Тэсс из рода д’Эрбервиллей (1891) и Джуд Незаметный (1896)
Rudyard Kipling Редьярд Киплинг (1865–1936), английский писатель и поэт, автор рассказов о жизни мальчика Маугли среди зверей (Книга джунглей, 1894, Вторая книга джунглей, 1895), автор стихов, баллад; лауреат Нобелевской премии (1907)
John Milton Джон Мильтон (1608–1674), английский поэт, политический деятель; завершает историческую полосу развития художественной культуры Англии, возникшей в эпоху Возрождения; автор поэм “Потерянный рай” (1667), “Возвращенный рай” (1671) и др.
William Makepeace Thackeray Уильям Мейкпис Теккерей (1811–1863), английский романист, автор романа “Ярмарка тщеславия” (1848), воплотившего социально-типические пороки буржуазного общества, исторических романов “История Генри Эсмонда” (1852) и “Виргинцы” (1857)
Henry Wadsworth Longfellow Генри Уодсуорт Лонгфелло (1807–1882), известный американский поэт, автор поэмы “Песнь о Гайавате” (1855) – эпоса о народном герое индейцев
Royal Air Force ВВС Великобритании
Battle of Britain Битва за Англию (воздушные бои в районе Лондона и южной Англии в 1940–1941 гг.)
I. COMPREHENSION
Complete the sentences below. Then look at the plan of the text and refer each sentence to the part it comes from. One sentence has been done for you.
0. It contains an interesting collection of swords and standards of the “Knights of the Bath.” (The Chapel of Henry VII)
A. The oldest part of the building dates from ___________.
B. Since the far-off time of William the Conqueror _________________.
C. In 200 years _____________ decided to pull down the Norman Abbey and ______________________.
D. Westminster Abbey is a fine ______________ building, which stands opposite ______________________.
E. There many of the greatest writers are buried: _____________________.
II. WORD STUDY
1. Read the text about Westminster Abbey again and find the words formed from the words below. Pronounce them and give their Russian equivalents.
to oppose _________
to collect _________
memory _________
fame _________
to decide _________
to differ _________
music _________
science _________
real _________
war _________
Key: opposite, a collection, a memorial, famous, decisive, different, a musician, a scientist, unreal, a Warrior
2. Imagine that you are inside Westminster Abbey. Make a list of those things that you can see there.
For example: stained glass, a collection of swords, banners hanging from the ceiling.
Compare your list with that of your classmate.
III. GRAMMAR PRACTICE
“To lay” or “to lie”? That is the question. It is really easy to confuse the forms “lain”, “laid”, “lied”, “to lay” and “lay”!
The main meaning of “to lay” is 1) to put something or somebody in a certain position; 2) to spread something on a surface. It then follows that “to lay” needs an object after it. Its typical context is “to lay something” (положить, разложить что-то) It is an irregular verb. Its forms are: to lay – laid – laid – laying.
It is a transitive verb and it can take the Passive Voice.
You can often find the following phrases with it:
to lay a carpet on the floor;
to lay the foundation of a house;
to lay the table for a meal;
to lay the blame on somebody;
to lay flowers on the grave.
Give their Russian equivalents.
The verbs “to lie” (лежать) and “to lie” (лгать) are homonyms (омонимы).
They have the same form of the Infinitive and Present Participle, but they have absolutely different meanings.
The first one is an irregular verb and its forms are: lie – lay – lain – lying.
The typical context of this verb is “to lie somewhere” (лежать где-то).
Here are a few common phrases with it:
to lie on one’s back;
to lie on one’s stomach;
to lie down on the bed;
to lie in bed;
to lie on the grass;
etc.
Give their Russian equivalents.
The second one is a regular verb with the forms lie – lied – lied – lying.
Its typical context is “to lie to somebody” (лгать кому-то) or “to lie about something or somebody” (лгать о чём-то или о ком-то).
Now choose a form of lay or lie.
A. He ____________ about his age to get the job.
B. She likes to _____________ on the bed reading.
C. The children were so tired that they ________ down and soon fell asleep.
D. Your whole life __________ ahead of you!
E. She __________ her dress on the bed.
F. He __________ his head on my shoulder.
G. The President bent down to _________ a wreath of flowers at the tomb of the Unknown Soldier.
Key: A. lied; B. lie; C. lay; D. lies; E. laid; F. laid; G. lay
Define the meaning of “to lie” at the end of the text about Westminster Abbey: “Beneath this stone rests the body of a British Warrior unknown by name or rank brought from France to lie (where?) among the most illustrious of the land…”
IV. COMMUNICATION PRACTICE
1. Suppose you are a guide in Westminster Abbey. What would you tell the tourists about its history?
2. Suppose your friend is going to London. What exactly would you recommend that he/her see in Westminster Abbey and why?
By Viktoria Oschepkova, Irina Shustilova