Ответьте на вопросы how can we influence our health

Eating for good health

More and more people today are choosing to take greater responsibility for their own health. We now recognize that we can influence our health by making an improvement in lifestyle-a better diet, more exercise and reduced stress.

Your health and general wellbeing is very much determined by what you eat how even a minor change in your diet can help to strengthen your resistance to many illnesses.

It seems almost absurd to state that you need food to live. The body has a built-in alarm signal-hunger-to tell you when your supply of food, the “fuel for the body”, is low. That`why you are never in serious danger of forgetting to eat. This alarm signal is also choosy and at times asks for specific supplies, sweet things when your body sugar is low or water when you are thirsty.

What many people fail to recognize is that their bodies have more than just one signal. Tiredness, aches and pains, stress, even chronic disease – all these can be indications of a diet that is lacking nutrition. But we can`t see the results of a bad diet immediately (often the effects take years to develop), few people realize just how closely bodily health is linked to what they eat and how often hey eat.

You are what you eat, and the food you eat effects the way you feel and the way you look all through your life.

Scientists now know that food and its affects are as complex as our own bodies. Of the thousands of chemicals, minerals and vitamins found in a single food, many are potential life-savers or hazards to health, depending on how much is consumed over time. The link between food and health is an every day but complex issue. So, you should learn how to balance your food intake. Small but well-informed changes to your diet will make a great difference to your wellbeing.

By matching your diet to your lifestyle and developing better eating habits both at home and when you eat out, you can keep yourself in the best of health. And also, you have to understand the proper balancing of the social pleasures and of the body. The foods you eat possess powerful capabilities to help and to harm.

Ex. 1. Translate the following words into English:

Брать на себя большую ответственность, влиять на наше здоровье, улучшение образа жизни, в большой степени определяется, увеличивать сопротивление многим болезням, сигнал тревоги, испытывать недостаток в питательных веществах, плохое питание, состояние организма, тесно связанный, регулировать приём пищи, приспосабливать свой режим питания к образу жизни.

Ex. 2. Find the English equivalents to the following words:

Reduced stress, general wellbeing, a minor change, built-in alarm signal, “fuel for the body”, choosy, body sugar, people fail to recognize, bodily health, eating habits.

Ex. 3. Answer the questions and discuss them with your classmates:

1. How can we influence our health?

2. Do you agree that our health and general wellbeing are determined by what we eat?

3. Can we see the results of a bad diet immediately?

4. How does the food we eat affect our life?

5. How can we keep ourselves in the best of health?

6. And what about your eating habits? Do you always eat healthy food? Do you often overeat? How many times a day do you usually eat? Can you balance your food intake?

Ex. 4. Read the text without the dictionary and answer the questions given below:

THE HEALTH BENEFITS

A research team at Oxford University has collected information on the health and mortality of more than 6000 vegetarians and a control group of more than 5000 meat-eating individuals. The study revealed significant differences between the two groups. For example, in contrast to meat-eaters, vegetarians have a39 percent lower risk of dying from cancer. The study`s research team also found that the risk of heart disease was 24 per cent lower in vegetarians and 57 per cent lower in vegans than in regular meat-eaters.

Ex. 5. Find the Russian equivalents to the following English words:

a meatless diet, health benefits, meat-free eating, by definition, consumption of meat or fish, wholegrain cereals, antioxidant nutrients, the risk of heart disease.

Ex. 6. Translate the following sentences into English:

1.Диета, исключающая мясо, становится всё более популярной, особенно среди молодёжи. 2. Вегетарианство исключает употребление мяса в пищу. 4. Приверженцы строгой вегетарианской диеты вообще не едят продукты животного происхождения. 5. В целом вегетарианцы придерживаются правил здорового питания. 6. Они употребляют в пищу меньше жира и больше клетчатки. 7. Вегетарианцы подвержены на 39% меньше риску умереть от рака.

Ex. 7. Answer the questions to the text:

1. What is a vegetarian? 2. What can a vegetarian eat? 3. What foods are rich of beta carotene, vitamin C and vitamin E? 4. Are you a vegetarian or a meat-eater? 5. Are there vegetarians in your family?

Ex. 8. Read the text without the dictionary and answer the questions given below:

HOW MUCH SUGAR DO WE EAT?

1. In what products can sugar be found? 2. Does quick energy last a long time?

3. What can replace sugar? 4. Why is it better to take fruit instead of sugar?

Ex. 9. Read the text and tell what do you do good or not good for your health?

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Контрольная работа по теме: « РЕСТОРАН»

1. Вставьте необходимые слова подчеркните их и переведите предложения:

1. Restaurant “Morris” is _______in a place famous for its theatres and cinemas. 2. The ________offers a variety of dishes from which the guests can choose. This is called an a la carte menu. 3. The restaurant is closed on Monday because the staff has ______. 4. Mr. Black, the manager, prepares the accounts for _______ and organizes the work for the next week. 5. The

main part of his job is to control and coordinate the work of _________ in the dining room. 6. Their job is to take the order and ________ the meal to their guests. 7. Jim the, ________, works two months already and has learned a lot of things at a short time. 8. Today he will make the ________, some of the entrees, main course and dessert dishes. 9. The restaurant is famous for

its dishes of Russian _________. 10. All the staff in the dining room- headwaiter, waiters and waitresses- get ready ___________. 11. He ________ them special dishes or specialties of the restaurant. 12. ___________always choose the restaurants with good service by waiters. 13. Waiters work with food and serve customers and they must be __________at all times. 14. The barman is very ________ in wines and cocktails. He knows a lot of __________ of cocktails and strong drinks. 15. First they wash their hands and change into their ____________. 16. Victor counts the money and gives the __________ to the cashier, cleans the tables and then he is free to go home. 17. She plans the menu and _________ the staff in the kitchen. 18. The restaurant hall has modern design with light-blue carpet and walls, black chairs and white _________, sparkling __________ and glasses. 19. All dishes are always ____________. 20. Customers like the ________ of this restaurant and the reputation of the place.

Вставьте нужные предлоги и переведите предложения.

(at, in, on, of)

a Table d’hote menu offers a limited choice…… dishes.

b It is usually used…… restaurants, cafe, canteens.

c The dishes of this menu are served…… this day only.

d Judy was the head chef position…… the Country Club.

3 Переведите:

a She had plans to be a baker.

b Tom is a best cook in our family.

c When the position of chef was available, he asked to give it a try.

d Unfortunately, many people are still poisoned by food and most worry about becoming sick.

e The menu is an important component of food service operations.

4 Составьте словосочетания:

1.Kitchen a) profession

2. valuable b) cook

3. future c) course

4. sanitation d) menu

5. skilled e) descriptions

7. to design g) experience

8. detailed h) staff

Контрольная работа по теме: « ЗДОРОВАЯ ЕДА»

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Eating for Good Health

More and more people today are choosing to take greater responsibility for their own health. We now recognize that we can influence our health by making an improvement in lifestyle — a better diet, more exercise and reduced stress.

Your health and general wellbeing is very much determined by what you eat and how even a minor change in your diet can help to strengthen your resistance to many illnesses.

It seems almost absurd to state that you need food to live. The body has a built-in alarm signal — hunger — to tell you when your supply of food, the «fuel for the body», is low. That’s why you are never in serious danger of forgetting to eat. This alarm signal is also choosy and at times asks for specific supplies, for example, sweet things when your body sugar is low or water when you are thirsty.

What many people fail to recognize is that their bodies have more than just one signal. Tiredness, aches and pains, stress, even chronic disease — all these can be indications of a diet that is lacking nutrition.

But we сап see the results of a bad diet immediately (often the effects take years to develop), few people realize just how closely bodily health is linked to what they eat and how often they eat.

You are what you eat, and the food you eat effects the way you feel and the way you look all through your life.

Scientists now know that food and its affects are as complex as our own bodies. Of the thousands of chemicals, minerals and vitamins found in a single food, many are potential life-savers or hazards to health, depending on how much is consumed over time. The link between food and health is an every day but complex issue. So, you should learn how to balance your food intake.

Small but well-informed changes to your diet will make a great difference to your wellbeing.

By matching your diet to your lifestyle and developing better eating habits both at home and when you eat out, you can keep yourself in the best of health. And also, you have to understand the proper balancing of the social pleasures and of the body. The foods you eat possess powerful capabilities to help and to harm.

Ответьте письменно на вопросы:

1. How can we influence our health?

2. Do you agree that our health and general wellbeing are determined by what we eat?

3. Why are we never in serious danger of forgetting to eat?

4. What alarm signals do our bodies have to indicate that our diet is lacking nutrition?

5. Can we see the results of a bad diet immediately?

6. How does the food we eat affect our life?

7. Why should everyone learn how to balance our food intake?

8. How can we keep ourselves in the best of health?

9. What capabilities does the food we eat possess?

10.Can you balance your food intake?

Заполните пропуски словами (используйте каждое слово один раз): our, as, fruit, minerals, heart, is, food, chips, too, vitamins, for, of

Good Food

What___ (1) good food? Is it food that is good___ (2) you or food that tastes good? Nutritionists say we eat___(3) with too much salt, too much sugar and___(4) much oil. They also say that many of _ (5) serious health problems, such as cancer, diabetes and___(6) diseases, are directly affected by diet. Most problem food contains large quantities___(7) salt, sugar and oil and very few___(8) or minerals.

That includes food such___(9) potato___(10), doughnuts and cookies. Instead of this «junk» food, nutritionists suggest that we eat more fresh___(11) and vegetables, which are naturally low in sodium and oil and contain lots of vitamins and___(12).

3. Дайте определение следующим продуктам:

1. It is the extra flesh that people and animals have under their skin. It is used to store energy and help them keep warm. It is also a solid or liquid that is used in cooking.

2. It is a large metal cupboard. It is kept cool so that the food in it stays fresh longer.

3. It is a small quick meal.

4. It is a soft red fruit. It can be cooked or eaten raw.

5. It is the white liquid that female mammals make in their bodies to feed their young.

6. It is the opening that you put food into when you eat.

7. It is an oven with gas or electric rings on top.

4.Переведите на русский язык кулинарный рецепт “Cream ofS pinach Soup”

— 1 1/2 pound fresh spinach or one package frozen spinach

— 2 tablespoons butter

-1/2 cup finely minced onion

— 2 tablespoons flour

— salt and freshly ground black pepper to taste

— 4 cups milk or half milk and heavy cream

— Cayenne pepper to taste

— Whipped cream for garnish

1 If fresh spinach is used, pick it over well and wash in several changes of cold water. Tear off and discard any tough stems. Cook the spinach in a covered kettle in the water that clings to the leaves. If frozen spinach is used, cook according to package directions. Drain spinach well and set aside.

2 Heat the butter in a saucepan and add the onion. Cook until onion is witted. Sprinkle with the flour, salt and pepper. Add the milk, stirring rapidly with a wire whisk.

3 Put the spinach trough a food mill or sieve or add to the sauce and blend in an electric blender. Add cayenne, bring just to a boil and serve hot or cold with a garnish of whipped cream.

Yield: about six to eight servings

5. Выберите правильный ответ:

1 … you want tea?

a) are b) do c) does

2. We … in a hurry.

a) doesn’t b) aren’t c) don’t

3. Yesterday we … lunch later.

a) have b) had c) haven’t

4. The waiter is … the hall.

5. Bring us all kinds of sandwiches … your taste.

a) to b) from c) at

6. Переведите содержание следующей ситуации на английский язык:

— Добрый день, господа.

— Что желаете на обед?

— Я могу порекомендовать Вам бифштекс.

— Как Вам приготовить бифштекс?

— Жареный картофель и красное вино хорошо подойдут к бифштексу.

— Пожалуйста. Приятного аппетита.

Зачётная работа

(1 вариант)

1. Переведите предложения.

1 Italian cuisine in Moscow is one of the most popular.

2 Best Moscow restaurants “Pizza Express” always offers a great choice of pasta dishes with different sauces as many kinds of pizza.

3 American cuisine offers meat dishes, vegetables dishes and fruit salads.

4 The Japanese, Koreans, Chinese use little salt, but they use vinegar, soysauce, rice wine, sesame oil and starch diluted in water as dressings.

5 Original and varied, Russian cuisine is famous for exotic soups, cabbage shchi and solyanka.

6 Every housewife has her own recipes of pies, pickles and sauerkraut.

Factors that affect and influence our health

This article explains various factors which influence our health either directly or indirectly. Some of these factors which affect and influence our health are environment, life style, heredity, cultural environment and socioeconomic conditions like nutrition, education, health care services, occupation etc.

Introduction

Good health is a state of a person in which his metabolic and functional efficiencies are at their best. It is a state of complete well-being of his body and mind. He is free from diseases and disorders which take place in the body and mind. It also very well reflects his social and mental well-being in society. Health does not only refer to a condition in which an individual is free from sicknesses and diseases, but also where mental health is given equal importance as well as social tension is decreased. There are many factors which influence health of an individual either directly or indirectly. All of them play very important role whether it comes to influencing health of a single person or that of a whole group living in community or society. Some of them influence in a good way while others impart bad impact and bad influence.

Environment

Heredity

Right after conception, genes play a very important role and determine health of an individual. Certain diseases and disorders so formed which are of genetic origin cannot be stopped form occurring. Diabetes and mental retardation are two such diseases. Though proper health care delays their occurrence but cannot completely prevent them. It is almost impossible to alter or make any changes in genetic make up. If parents are suffering from certain diseases then there are very higher chances that offspring’s too will like-ably suffer from them as health to a large portion depends on genetic constitution.

Life-style influencing health

Good health or bad health is greatly influenced by our life style i.e., the way we live every day. If we practice it in a healthy manner then we will enjoy good health. If our life style is bad then we will suffer from deteriorated health. It all depends on our behavior, the kind of habits we inculcate and the culture that we follow. Various diseases like diabetes, heart related diseases and cancer are all related to life-style. Healthy habits like following good healthy nutritious balanced diet, indulging daily in physical activities, meditating daily, sleeping for adequate hours, not indulging in bad habits like drugs, smoking, alcohol all lead to good physical and mental health. Unhealthy habits like eating junk and processed foods, no physical activity to keep body active, not sleeping for adequate hours, excess of alcohol consumption, smoking, drug intake etc will all lead to bad health. Thus, more and more healthy living should be promoted and changing one bad habit at one time makes the process of healthy living simple and easy. More healthier the lifestyle is, better health an individual will enjoy.

Culture

Personality of an individual is nothing but a product of cultural environment in which he lives. Culture is nothing but practices carried out by group of individuals living in a society or community i.e., it is formed by society and then it in turn casts its impact on society. Customs we practice, laws we implicate for betterment, beliefs which we create, religion which we follow, moral values which we believe are all nothing but together form our cultural practices. These cultural practices have a deep impact on our health both physical and mental. How we deal with daily personal hygiene practices and how much importance we give to nutrition is different to people belonging to different cultures. Some of the cultures do not consider immunization or vaccination to be good. These beliefs has a different outlook on whole life including on illness and diseases. Thereby culture influences our health in a very strong way.

Socioeconomic status and health

Both social and economic condition of an individual as well as that of a community or society has great impact and influence on health of an individual and on health of those living in a community. These conditions are income, nutrition, education etc.

Income

If income of an individual is high then he and his family are able to seek better medical care as they are capable of affording high expenses, but if income is low then such medical care may seem almost impossible. Government hospitals are the only options left for them and we all are aware with the kind of attention and health care offered at Government hospitals. Also, rich people live a sedentary life style and most of the times remain inactive as their jobs do not require much of the labor work. Thus, they easily suffer from excess weight, diabetes and heart related disorders. Those who earn less mostly do hard work and thus are less prone to these sorts of disorders and diseases.

Personal hygiene

To remain healthy and to maintain health, personal hygiene is very important. It keeps sickness at bay. It is up to an individual to what extent he keeps himself clean and also it is largely dependent on income of a person. If income is good then an individual can very efficiently take care of his personal hygiene and vice versa. Serious wounds and traumatic injuries or even a minor cut if not taken good care may become infected and within short period of time, signs of inflammation may appear, ringing the bells for further health problems. Today usually facilities like good water supply, waste disposal and sanitation are provided but still it is dependent on an individual whether he washes his hands every time after he defecates, whether he takes bath regularly and wears clean clothes, do not defecate in open, do not dispose wastes in open, cleans his home, utensils, clothes, surroundings properly, drinks clean water etc are all his choice. The more he concentrates on his personal hygiene, better health he enjoys.

Nutrition

We are what we eat. To live a healthy life, we need to eat balanced nutritious meal daily and eating junk foods or starvation deteriorate health. One simple rule to enjoy good health is that we have to provide body with all the nutrients it requires in right amount and on daily basis. If this rule is followed, good health comes to us like a blessing. We need good health for carrying out are all the functions efficiently and to fight against all the infections and diseases. Clean, fresh, organic foods should be eaten along with intake of 2-3 liters of water daily. Unclean foods and those which are excessively sprayed with chemicals and pesticides will do more harm to health than any good.

Health services

Medical attention and health care services come to rescue during times of illnesses and when diseases make a room in body. These centers are equipped with health care devices and equipment as well as with facilities like immunization which is of particular help when it comes to protecting small children from infectious diseases. These facilities should be located within each and every community or at least very close to them, if not within. Main objective of these centers is to promote good health, treat diseases, prevent spread of infections, educate people, provide vaccines, prevent illness etc.

Education brings good health

Education is a tool for good health. Until and unless an individual understands the importance of being healthy, he will never take care of all these practices which promote good health. Taking care of personal hygiene, practicing cleanliness in and around home, vaccinations, pure drinking water, sanitation, proper waste disposal all will be better understood if an individual understands how important these aspects are as all of them greatly influences his health as well as his whole life. To promote good health, awareness and education both are essential. If an individual do not know what causes ill-health and gives an invitation to illness, he will never be able to prevent it.

Occupation

One who is employed and earns good can definitely invest earning in achieving and maintaining good health. Unemployment do not leads to good health as good health requires both time and investment. In absence of either one of them, it cannot be enjoyed. Individuals whose main occupation is to work in unclean areas where they may easily get infected are likely to suffer from ill-health. For example, those taking care of waste disposals are more likely to suffer from bad health if they do not cover their nose and mouth areas with masks and do not wear correct fitting gloves and protective shoes. Good health demands good physical work and those engaged in strenuous physical work during working hours, keep diabetes, heart related diseases and over weight problems at bay as they do not lend their body to become inactive when compared to those individuals who remain physically inactive and create excessive load on their minds during office hours

Rural and urban areas

In rural areas, people are deprived with basic facilities like pure water supply, good sanitation facilities, health care centers which are all abundantly present in urban areas. Thus, these things directly affect health of an individual in rural areas. Also, awareness and education is lacking in people living in rural areas which is keeping them backward in maintaining good health and thus they are not able to prevent diseases. However, they do not have to face pollution related respiratory diseases as there is less pollution in air due to less set up of factories over there and also due to reduced number of vehicles generating pollution.

Exercise 3. Read and translate the following tables.

Eating for Good Health

More and more people today are choosing to take greater responsibility for their own health. We can influence our health with the help of a better diet, more exercise and reduced stress.

Your health and general wellbeing is very much determined by what you eat. Even a minor change in your diet can help to strengthen your resistance to many illnesses.

The body has a built-in alarm signal — hunger — to tell you when your supply of food, the “fuel for the body”, is low. Sometimes this signal asks for specific supplies, for example, sweet things when your body sugar is low or water when you are thirsty.

What many people fail to recognize is that their bodies have more than just one signal. Tiredness, aches and pains, stress, even chronic disease — all these can be indications of a diet that is lacking nutrition.

But we can’t see the results of a bad diet immediately. Often the effects take years to develop.

You are what you eat, and the food you eat effects the way you feel and the way you look all through your life.

Scientists now know that food and its affects are as complex as our own bodies. There are a lot of chemicals, minerals and vitamins found in a single food. Some are potential life-savers or hazards to health. It depends on how much it is consumed over time. So, you should learn how to balance your food intake. Small but well-informed changes to your diet will make a great difference to your wellbeing.

Vocabulary:

Answer the questions:

1. How can we influence our health?

2. Do you agree that our health and general wellbeing are determined by what we eat?

3. What alarm signals do our bodies have to indicate that our diet is lacking nutrition?

4. Can we see the results of a bad diet immediately?

5. How does the food we eat affect our life?

6. Why should everyone learn how to balance our food intake?

7.And what about your eating habits? Do you always eat healthy food? Do you often overeat? How many times a day do you usually eat? Can you balance your food intake?

VOCABULARY EXERCISES

Exercise 1. Заполните пропуски словами из рамки (используйте каждое слово один раз):

our, as, fruit, minerals, heart, is, food, chips, too, vitamins, for, of

What (1) ___ good food? Is it food that is good (2) ___ you or food that tastes good? Nutritionists say we eat (3)____ with too much salt, too much sugar and (4)___ much oil. They also say that many of (5) ____ serious health problems, such as cancer, diabetes and (6) ____ diseases, are directly affected by diet. Most problem food contains large quantities (7) _____ salt, sugar and oil and very few (8) ____or minerals. That includes food such (9)____ potato (10)____, doughnuts and cookies.

Instead of this “junk” food, nutritionists suggest that we eat more fresh (11)______ and vegetables, which are naturally low in sodium and oil and contain lots of vitamins and (12) _____.

Exercise 2. Разделите названия продуктов питания на две группы: Healthful и Not Healthful. Когда вы справитесь с заданием, напишите названия продуктов, которые вы обычно едите, отметьте их буквами H и NH.

Exercise 3. Read and translate the following tables.

Table А. Содержание питательных веществ в основных продуктах и влияние их на организм человека:

Table В. Количество калорий в разных продуктах питания

Calories are used to measure the amount of energy in food. If you take in more calories than your body uses, the extra calories are stored in the form of fat. One pound of body fat is equal to about 3,500 calories. As extra calories are stored over a period, weight is gained. This is important to remember if you are trying to control your weight. The above-mentioned table will help you do it.

Table C. Витамины и их влияние на здоровье человека.

The vitamins are named by letters of the alphabet.

1. Vitamin A can be stored by the body.

2. Vitamin В cannot be stored. It must be supplied all the time by some of the food we eat.

3. Vitamin C is very important to the body. Without it men’s teeth become loose and their arms and legs weak.

4.There are other vitamins, but these, А, В, C and D, are the most important.

Exercise 4. Read the dialogues, then compose your own.

How to Lose Weight

Jane: Where are you going?

Lucy: I’m going to the Weight Losers club now.

Jane: What are you doing there?

Lucy: I’m trying to lose weight.

Jane: But you are not fat!

Lucy: I have already lost two kilos and I’m very pleased with myself.

Jane: How did you do it?

Lucy: I try to eat the right food.

Jane: What does it mean?

Lucy: I stopped eating cakes, pies and ice cream.

Jane: What are you allowed to eat?

Lucy: A lot of vegetables and fruit, a little boiled meat or fish, no fried potatoes, no chocolate and very little salt.

Caffeine Is Harmful for the Heart

Olga: My mother-in-law drinks such strong tea.

Nina: Why shouldn’t she?

Olga: Because she has heart problems. Caffeine is not recommended for people with heart problems.

Nina: Does tea contain much caffeine?

Olga: Yes, it does. A cup of strong tea contains more than 100 mg of caffeine.

Nina: I think that it is healthier for everybody to drink juices.

In a Restaurant

Alex: What will you have?

Joan: I’m on a diet.

Alex: Come on! I’ll pay.

Joan: What did you say?

Alex: Don’t be shy, I’ll pay.

Joan: Thanks! Great. Then I’ll have dry wine, a steak, fried potatoes, grapes, ice cream and a cake.

Alex: Okay. Waiter!

Exercise 5. Discuss the main sense of the text.

How much sugar do we eat?

Sugar gives you quick energy. However, this energy lasts only a short time. Soon you begin to feel tired and sluggish (вялый, медлительный). The next time you want sugar, take a piece of fruit instead. You’ll get the energy you need without any letdown (слабость, вялость) afterwards.

Next material helps you discuss the main sense of the text

· questions: What can replace the sugar? Why is it better to take fruit instead of sugar? What sugar replacement will you choose?

· complete the sentences: The energy you get from sugar lasts … Another word for sugar is… A healthful substitute for sugar is…

GRAMMAR EXERCISES

Exercise 1. Переведите, проанализируйте употребление модальных глаголов.

1. Who is to answer my question?

2. Nobody could translate this text.

3. Must I attend this meeting? — No, you needn’t.

4. You should have shown your notes to the teacher.

5. I asked him, but he wouldn’t listen to me.

6. You should not have used that sort of meat for this dish.

7. Last summer we would often go to the country.

8. Your son could do this work himself.

9. Would you tell me the way to the station?

10. Your friend might have informed us.

11. May I leave for a while? — Yes, you may.

12. She should be more attentive to her parents.

13. You needn’t come so early.

14. We have to stay at home because the weather is too bad.

15. He was allowed to take this book.

16. Who is able to do this work?

17.The train is to come soon.

Exercise 2. Завершите диалоги. Дайте утвердительный или отрицательный ответ.

Образец: — Can you help те? — Yes, I can./No, / can’t.

1. May I take that chair? —.

2. Can I have a dinner here? —.

3. Can you bring me a drink? —.

4. May I have the menu card? —.

5. Shall I bring you the dessert right now? —.

Exercise 3.Переведите предложения. Заполните пропуски подходящими по смыслу модальными глаголами must, should, would, ought to, needn’t, can, could, may.

4. Payment. be made by check.

10. You. work hard at your English.

14. She. not speak any foreign language. She speaks Russian only.

Exercise 4.Замените модальные глаголы соответствующими эквивалентами.

1. We must meet at 7 o’clock as we planned before.

2. That waiter cannot speak English.

3. Mary can cook well.

4. You must come in time.

5. We must receive and serve our guests very well.

6. You must not smoke here.

7. Must they come early every day?

8. Must I serve the dinner for you now?

9. He couldn’t explain anything.

10. Can you swim?

11. You may take these books.

12. The train must arrive at 10 according to the time-table.

Exercise 5.Переведите предложения па английский язык, используя модальные глаголы или их заменители.

· Вчера мне пришлось обслужить все эти столики.

· Можно мне курить здесь? — Нет, нельзя.

· Вам следует помочь вашему другу. Он не может делать работу сам.

· Вам пришлось остаться дома, потому что была плохая погода?

· Вам следовало бы заказать это блюдо.

· Я рад, что мне не пришлось заканчивать эту работу вчера.

· Я не люблю рано вставать, но иногда мне приходится.

· Ты должен накрыть стол для шести гостей.

· Вам не нужно ждать заказа. Вы можете взять любое блюдо, какое хотите.

· Я не мог пойти домой, я должен был вымыть посуду.

Comprehensive Reading

Text A. Vegetarianism

Some people eat no meat. A meatless diet is growing more and more popular. Researchers discover the health benefits of meat-free eating.

What is a vegetarian?By definition, vegetarianism prohibits the consumption of meat or fish, but some diets are more restrictive than other.

Demi- or semi-vegetarians eat fish and sometimes chicken, but not red meat.

Ovo-lacto-vegetarians include milk and eggs in their diet but not meat or fish.

Lacto-vegetarians have milk and yogurt, as well as cheese made with vegetarian rennet, but no meat, fish or eggs.

Vegans do not eat any animal products at all, banning meat, fish, milk and eggs from their diets.

Fruitarians exclude pulses and cereals from the diet as well as allfoods of animal origin. Fruitarians eat only fruit, honey, nuts and nut oils

Macrobiotic followers have a diet consisting of ten different levels which become progressively more restrictive. At first, animal foods are excluded, then fruit and vegetables as well. At the final “purist” level only brown rice is eaten.

The Health Benefits. On the whole, vegetarians follow current healthy eating guidelines. Because they don’t eat meat, a prime source of saturated fat, vegetarians take in less total fat, as well as more fibre, in the form of fresh fruits, vegetables and wholegrain cereals. These foods are also good sources of beta carotene, vitamin C and vitamin E, which are antioxidant nutrients and may protect the body from disease.

A research team at Oxford University has collected information on the health and mortality of more than 6,000 vegetarians and a control group of more than 5,000 meat-eating individuals. The study revealed significant differences between the two groups. For example, in contrast to meat-eaters, vegetarians have a 39 percent lower risk of dying from cancer. The study’s research team also found that the risk of heart disease was 24 per cent lower in vegetarians and 57 per cent lower in vegans than in regular meat-eaters.

Task One. Подберите русские эквиваленты к следующим английским словосочетаниям и выражениям:a meatless diet, health benefits, meat-free eating, by definition, consumption of meat or fish, ovo-lacto-vegetarians, lacto-vegetarians, exclude pulses and cereals, healthy eating guidelines, wholegrain cereals, good sources of beta carotene, antioxidant nutrients, the risk of heart disease, regular meat-eaters.

Preparing for the Party

A mother and her daughter are cooking dishes for the party.

I need your help badly, Mary. There is so much to do for tonight’s party — to prepare a salad, to bake various pies and cakes, to roast a goose and to cook a lot of other things. Please take the mincing machine and mince this bit of meat. I will scrape and slice the carrots.

Will you peel these potatoes and onions? I’ll make some potato chips and you set up the rest of the potatoes to boil. When they are soft, mash them with butter and hot milk. Now, wash and cut the potatoes and cucumbers, put them on the dish but don’t dress with the mayonnaise, we’ll do it later.

I think that it’s time to get out the goose from the oven. Then we’ll bake a layer cake and a pie with jam filling. I’ll beat the eggs for the dough. Look, the rice is boiling over, turn the gas down a little. Now, be a good girl and whip the whites of these eggs. Here is some powdered sugar to mix with the whites when you are through.

Now will you help me in laying the table? The guests will come in an hour. We’ll be twelve altogether, so lay twelve places. Take the dishes for refreshments from the sideboard and put them on the table. Now fetch the wine glasses — one for each cover.

We don’t uncork the bottles, but get the corkscrew ready. Please open these tins. Here is the tin opener for you.

Answer the questions:

1. What is the mother with her daughter going to do with the potatoes?

2. How do they usually prepare mashed potatoes?

3. What salad is the daughter preparing?

4. What is the mother going to bake?

5. Who will beat the eggs for the dough (тесто)?

6. How many guests are coming?

7. What does the daughter need to open the tins?

8. Do you help your mother to cook dishes for the party?

9. What do you like to cook?

10. Who washes the dishes after the dinner?

Vocabulary Exercises

Exercise 1. Подберите к словам из левой колонки их значения из правой:

A

B

Exercise 2. Пронумеруйте в правильном порядке этапы приготовления жареного цыпленка:

Heat the oil in a frying pan.

Brown on one side.

Turn chicken with a spatula.

Cook the onions in oil until soft.

Cut the chicken into pieces.

Brown on the other side.

Exercise 3. Read the text.

Basic overall rules to choose your wine

Entree: generally accompanied with dry white wine or rose.

· red wine for red meat, light red wine for white meats;

· dry white wine for fish or seafood;

· on a general base, fresh and light red wine goes with everything;

· rose is not considered as top wine but it is good and fresh for casual meals when it is hot.

Cheese: red wine, preferably full-bodied with powerful cheese flavours.

Dessert: sweet white wine.

Exercise 4. Заполните пропуски словами из рамки:

salt shaker, fork, bowl, pepper shaker, knife, spoon, glass, napkin, plate, cup

Grammar Exercises

Exercise 1. Поставьте глаголы в скобках в Present Simple или Present Continuous:

1. Mother (to cook) very tasty soups. 2. Nick (to make) breakfast every morning. 3. I can’t speak to you now as I (to do) my homework. 4. They (not to watch) TV at the moment, they (to read) newspapers. 5. I usually (to have) dinner after work. 6. My parents (to have) dinner now. 7. You (to cook) every day? 8. You (to cook) meal now? 9.I (not to drink) coffee now. I (to write) a composition. 10. Look! The baby (to sleep). He always (to sleep) after dinner.

Exercise 2. Поставьте глаголы в скобках в Past Simple или Past Continuous:

1. When my sister (to wash up) yesterday, she (to break) a cup. 2. Mother (to have) breakfast at 8 o’clock yesterday. 3. I (to have) dinner at the restaurant last Sunday. 4.When I (to prepare) breakfast in the morning, I (to cut) my finger. 5. He (to cook) meat soup last Monday. 6. When her grandparents (to come) to visit her last Monday, she (to cook) meat soup. 7. When I (to open) the door, my friends (to sit) at table and (to have) dinner. 8. When Nick entered the bar, the barman (to stand) behind the counter and (to make) cocktails. 9. When he (to phone) me, I (to have) tea with my friends. 10. I (to prepare) dishes for the evening party the whole yesterday’s afternoon.

Exercise 3. Образуйте Participle I и Participle II от следующих глаголов:

Exercise 4. Переведите предложения на английский язык, используя Participle I и Participle II:

Exercise 5. Прочитайте по ролям, заменяя подчеркнутые слова другими:

Family Dinner

Joan: I’m so hungry. Have you set the table yet?

Mother-in-law: Yes, I have.

Joan: Is dinner ready?

Mother-in-law: Yes, it’s ready. Look at the table.

Joan: The table looks perfectly and the smell is wonderful.

Mother-in-law: Will you have some soup?

Joan: Yes, thank you.

Mother-in-law: We have roast beef for the main course.

Joan: I like the way you make it.

Mother-in-law: I know. Here are some boiled potatoes for you.

Joan: Will you pass me the pepper, please?

Mother-in-law: Here you are. Let me give you a little more roast beef.

Joan: Yes, thank you. It is really very good.

Mother-in-law: Will you have a cup of coffee?

Joan: Yes, thank you. With great pleasure.

Mother-in-law: Shall I put milk and sugar in it?

Joan: No, thank you, I don’t like coffee with milk and sugar.

Making Cabbage Rolls

Jane: Most of all I like cooking salads. What about you?

Olga: As for me, I prefer making meat dishes.

Jane: What did you cook last?

Olga : I made cabbage rolls last Sunday for my sister’s birthday party. It’s her favourite dish.

Jane: Can it be called golubtsy?

Olga: Yes. Both of these names are for the same dish.

Jane: I like it too. Do you boil cabbage leaves?

Olga: I place whole head in a large kettle with boiling water and boil it 2 — 3 minutes.

Jane: And how do you prepare the filling?

Olga: I saute meat with onion, add rice, eggs, salt and pepper, place three tablespoons of this mixture on each cabbage leaf and wrap it.

Jane: And what kind of mixture do you pour over the cabbage rolls?

Olga: I mix tomatoes, bouillon, sugar, salt and pepper.

Jane: Do you cook them in oven?

Olga: Yes, about one hour, turning occasionally.

At Table

Hostess: Won’t you have another helping of salad?

Guest: Thank you, I’ve had a good helping of it.

Hostess: You haven’t eaten any meat.

Guest: No, thanks. I don’t eat meat. I’m vegetarian.

Hostess: You are a poor eater. Can I help you to anything else?

Guest: No, thank you, I’ve had quite enough. I mustn’t overeat, I don’t want to put on weight.

Hostess: What will you have, tea or coffee?

Guest: I’ll take a cup of tea, if you please.

Hostess: Have some jam, please. We have strawberry jam and raspberry jam. Which do you prefer?

Guest: Thank you. I like both.

Hostess: Won’t you help yourself to some cake?

Guest: Just a tiny piece.

Hostess: Take some more pie. It won’t do you any harm, I’m sure.

Guest: You are very kind. I really think I’ll take a little more. I’m very fond of pies.

Hostess: May I offer you another cup of tea?

Guest: Thank you, I think I’ll trouble you for a second cup.

Hostess: No trouble at all. Is there anything else you’d like?

Guest: Will you please pass the sugar? Thank you.

Useful phrases

COMPREHENSIVE READING

Corn (Maize)

Corn or maize was domesticated and cultivated by the native people of the New World when Christopher Columbus first reached its shores.

The cultivation of corn was of primary importance to the daily diet of the Indians, who used it in making a sort of bread, the tortilla.

Columbus took the seeds back to Spain in 1493, but the cultivation of corn began in Europe only around 1520. It was regarded primarily as a garden plant, but in the 16th century it became a culinary fixture and was used to make white and sweet bread — polenta. It was cooked in a mass, then cut with a wire into large, thin slices and arranged on a platter with cheese or with butter. Corn was extensively consumed by poor people because they were primarily concerned with filling their empty bellies.

In the United States, the cereal is almost always called corn, while in Britain it is called maize. Maize, variously spelled, is the cereal’s proper name in all European languages. The word is derived from the Spanish maize, taken in turn from the Indian maize. Polenta eventually replaced all of the other cereals and provided nourishment for many generations of poor working people in the countries of the Mediterranean Basin, the Balkans, Africa and Asia.

Nowadays there are a lot of different kinds of polenta and other dishes made with corn in recipe books.

You should know this

1. service plate

4. bread and butter plate with butter knife

6. white wine glass

7. red wine glass

11. service knife

1. brandy glass 2. red wine glass

3. white wine glass 4. all champagne glass (tulip flute)

5. low champagne glass (saucer) 6. martini glass

My Profession Is a Cook

If you study for example, at the Cooking Department, you will be a cooking and catering professional: a cook or a technologist.

Every school year you will do practice work for 2—3 months. Let’s study the practice at a restaurant. It will be a large restaurant and it will be open 24 hours a day.

There are three departments within the main shop there — a cold shop, a hot shop and a pastry-cook’s shop. Salads, snacks, sandwiches, cuts of cold meat and fish and desserts are made in the cold shop. Soups, hot meat and fish dishes and sauces are prepared in the hot shop. In the pastry-cook’s shop they make tarts, patties, fancy cakes, etc.

The kitchen staff begin their work at 7 o’clock. Student cooks will have to come to the restaurant at 10 o’clock. Each of them will be told to go to one of the shops. There they will be given some tasks for the working day. Usually student cooks prepare sandwiches, fruit salads and canapes for breakfast. They cut bread, ham, sausage and vegetables to put on canapes. Student cooks also decorate, them with herbs and little figures made of carrots, cucumbers, tomatoes, etc. Breakfast is usually served from 8 till 12. At 11 o’clock students begin to help the cooks by preparing dishes for lunch. Student cooks are usually trusted to cut vegetables and make sauces for desserts: strudels, ice cream, tarts and puddings.

All day student cooks have to carry out cooks’ instructions. The kitchen staff are very experienced there. The chef should be a very skilled cook. The main part of his job is to plan the menu for the day and manage the staff in the kitchen.

At the end of the practice time student cooks usually have to take an examination. They must prepare three courses: soup, a main course and dessert.

The practice gives a lot of useful information, it provides student cooks with an experience. You can realize that you have made the right choice.

Vocabulary:

to do practice – проходить практику

cold shop – холодный цех

hot shop – горячий цех

pastry-cook’s shop – кондитерский цех

to trust – доверять, поручать

to carry one’s instructions – выполнять чьи-либо инструкции

skilled – умелый, опытный (знающий много о способах готовки)

Answer the questions:

1.What is the main sense of the text?

2. What is about the practice described in the text?

3. Where could you practice in the restaurant?

4. What is the difference between cold and hot shop?

5. When do student cook begin their work?

6. How many hours a day do they have to work?

7. When does the kitchen staff begin their work?

8. What kind of work may student cooks do?

9. Should the chef be a skilled cook? Why?

10. Is he a good manager? For what reason?

11. Will you have to take an examination at the end of your practice?

12. What should student cooks prepare during their examination?

13. Where would you like to work after graduating from the university?

14. Do you like your future profession? Why?

15. How do you think to develop your career?

Vocabulary Exercises

Exercise 1. Заполните пропуски, подходящими по смыслу словами.

Chefs are ____ (опытный, умелый) workers who also need natural aptitude (природные способности). Many of the best cooks in the world come from the Europe, particularly from France and Switzerland, where people who wish to become cooks often begin work as apprentices at an early age. They are trained by an _______ chef in all aspects of kitchen work, cooking and restaurant management. No one can become a _____ without practical experience. Some people work in the one restaurant from the unskilled job until the position of a chef. Others are trained in special restaurant schools. The students in such schools have usually demonstrated an aptitude for ______ even before they are admitted.

At the Personnel Department

Candidate: How do you do?

Manager: How do you do? What can I do for you?

Candidate: I’m looking for a job.

Manager: May I ask you a few questions?

Manager: What’s your name?

Manager: How old are you?

Candidate: I’m 18. I was born in 1998.

Manager: What are you?

Candidate: I’m a cook.

Manager: Are you married?

Candidate: I’m single.

Manager: What city are you from?

Candidate: I’m from Moscow.

Manager: What languages do you speak?

Candidate: I can speak Russian and English a little.

Manager: What are your previous jobs?

Candidate: I worked at the Silver Palace restaurant as a cook.

Manager: Why did you quit? And why do you want to join our Vegetarian restaurant?

Candidate: I left my job because I’d like to raise money.

Manager: How much would you like to get?

Candidate: I’d like to get not less than 100 dollars a week.

Manager: How much does it take you to get to us?

Candidate: Forty minutes only.

Manager: All right and now fill in resume in block capitals, please, here it is.

Candidate: Thank you.

Manager: We’ll let you know by phone whether you are employed or passed by.

Candidate: OK. Goodbye.

· Sample of the resume

Exercise 5. When you apply for a job, which of the following things should you do? Tick (˅) the things that should do. Put a cross (x) by those that you should not do.

When you apply:

1. write a long letter

2. use good quality writing paper

3. send a glamorous photo of yourself, if a photo requested

4. send a small passport-type photo if a photo is requested

5.write very clearly

Before the interview:

6. find out what you can about the establishment (учреждение) and its activities

7. prepare a few questions to ask the interviewer

8. dress very glamorously

9. dress smartly but quietly

10.get letters of reference from relatives

At the interview:

· make a lot critical remarks about your present employer or your colleges

· ask questions about your responsibilities and duties

· find out about salary, tips and fringe benefits (дополнительные льготы)

Grammar Exercises

Interview

If you look for a job, you will be asked some common questions by your future boss. Here are some hints for you. The most asked question on the interview is “Tell me about yourself”. Don’t tell your life story, the interviewer is interested in your education first of all.

“Why do you want this job?” If I were you, I would tell about the organization (shop, cafe, or restaurant), its customers, its products … as much as possible.

“What are your expectations (about salary)?” This question is always a tricky one and a dangerous game to play in an interview. It is a common mistake to discuss salary before you are hired. If you know about the salary from the ad (advertisement), you will have an opportunity to tell a little bit higher.

“Do you have any questions for us?” It is the best time to ask about your future work hours and holidays or vacation, the possibility to get extra payment, the tips, your responsibilities and rights.

There are some more things about which you can be asked. They are your hobby, your strong and weak points, your attitude to working under pressure, two-three most important for you things in a job. Try to be ready for all these questions? Do your home task.

Vocabulary:

hint – намек, подсказка

ad (advertisement) – объявление (The company may advertise the job on the Internet, newspaper, job hotline, or other methods)

a little bit higher – немного больше (о сумме)

extra payment – денежных поощрений

attitude to – отношение к

strong/weak points – сильные/слабые стороны (о характере)

long hours – ненормированный рабочий день

part-time job – частичная занятость

full-time job – полная занятость

ANSWER THE QUESTIONS:

· What can you tell about yourself?

· How do you think your friends/classmates describe you?

· What job do you prefer?

· Why do you want to work at a cafe/restaurant or in a shop?

· What do you do in your leisure time?

· What is your strong/weak point?

· Why did you select your university?

Interview. Part Two

VOCABULARY EXERCISES

Exercise 1. Give the Russian or English equivalents:

· fish assorted or fish assorts, to serve, squids, seafood salad, green vegetable salad, chicken noodle soup, to compose the menu, croûtons, veal chop, dressing, pot stewed meat, mineral water, seafood platter (dish), chips, to roast, muffin, low fat milk, whipped cream, sidelines.

· пирожные, жидкий суп, холодные блюда и закуски, напечатанная копия меню, порядок, список блюд, кекс, позволять или разрешать, телятина жаренная с картофелем, основные блюда, горячие закуски, безалкогольные напитки, рыба в томатном соусе, блинчики с мясом, печенье.

POSSIBLE QUESTIONS

What is the dish? or Can you tell me about this?

How much (ingredient) is in it? or Does it contain any (ingredient)?

What’s it served with? or Is it served on its own?

Exercise 5. Look through the text and answer the following questions:

 Do you have a favorite restaurant to eat at? Who do you like to go with?

 Do you eat special foods for specific holidays/celebrations?

 Have you ever eaten too much of one thing? It’s important to have a balanced diet, moderation in all things, isn’t it?

For my 30th birthday party, my friends took me out to a steakhouse for dinner. We had onion rings and shrimp cocktails as appetizers. Everyone ordered T-Bone steaks, but I had a filet-mignon. Most of us ordered our steaks well done, but two of my friends asked
for rare. I thought it looked gross, but they said it was delicious. For dessert, the waitress brought a beautiful cake with candles on top, and everyone sang, “Happy Birthday.” We were so stuffed from the meal that we couldn’t finish eating the cake. All throughout the dinner, the waitress was very kind and attentive to us. The service was wonderful, so we gave her a big tip. I had a great time. Even though the food was delicious, my favorite part of the night was just being with my friends on my birthday.

Eating for Good Health

More and more people today are choosing to take greater responsibility for their own health. We can influence our health with the help of a better diet, more exercise and reduced stress.

Your health and general wellbeing is very much determined by what you eat. Even a minor change in your diet can help to strengthen your resistance to many illnesses.

The body has a built-in alarm signal — hunger — to tell you when your supply of food, the “fuel for the body”, is low. Sometimes this signal asks for specific supplies, for example, sweet things when your body sugar is low or water when you are thirsty.

What many people fail to recognize is that their bodies have more than just one signal. Tiredness, aches and pains, stress, even chronic disease — all these can be indications of a diet that is lacking nutrition.

But we can’t see the results of a bad diet immediately. Often the effects take years to develop.

You are what you eat, and the food you eat effects the way you feel and the way you look all through your life.

Scientists now know that food and its affects are as complex as our own bodies. There are a lot of chemicals, minerals and vitamins found in a single food. Some are potential life-savers or hazards to health. It depends on how much it is consumed over time. So, you should learn how to balance your food intake. Small but well-informed changes to your diet will make a great difference to your wellbeing.

Vocabulary:

Answer the questions:

1. How can we influence our health?

2. Do you agree that our health and general wellbeing are determined by what we eat?

3. What alarm signals do our bodies have to indicate that our diet is lacking nutrition?

4. Can we see the results of a bad diet immediately?

5. How does the food we eat affect our life?

6. Why should everyone learn how to balance our food intake?

7.And what about your eating habits? Do you always eat healthy food? Do you often overeat? How many times a day do you usually eat? Can you balance your food intake?

VOCABULARY EXERCISES

Exercise 1. Заполните пропуски словами из рамки (используйте каждое слово один раз):

our, as, fruit, minerals, heart, is, food, chips, too, vitamins, for, of

What (1) ___ good food? Is it food that is good (2) ___ you or food that tastes good? Nutritionists say we eat (3)____ with too much salt, too much sugar and (4)___ much oil. They also say that many of (5) ____ serious health problems, such as cancer, diabetes and (6) ____ diseases, are directly affected by diet. Most problem food contains large quantities (7) _____ salt, sugar and oil and very few (8) ____or minerals. That includes food such (9)____ potato (10)____, doughnuts and cookies.

Instead of this “junk” food, nutritionists suggest that we eat more fresh (11)______ and vegetables, which are naturally low in sodium and oil and contain lots of vitamins and (12) _____.

Exercise 2. Разделите названия продуктов питания на две группы: Healthful и Not Healthful. Когда вы справитесь с заданием, напишите названия продуктов, которые вы обычно едите, отметьте их буквами H и NH.

Exercise 3. Read and translate the following tables.

Table А. Содержание питательных веществ в основных продуктах и влияние их на организм человека:

Table В. Количество калорий в разных продуктах питания

Calories are used to measure the amount of energy in food. If you take in more calories than your body uses, the extra calories are stored in the form of fat. One pound of body fat is equal to about 3,500 calories. As extra calories are stored over a period, weight is gained. This is important to remember if you are trying to control your weight. The above-mentioned table will help you do it.

Table C. Витамины и их влияние на здоровье человека.

The vitamins are named by letters of the alphabet.

1. Vitamin A can be stored by the body.

2. Vitamin В cannot be stored. It must be supplied all the time by some of the food we eat.

3. Vitamin C is very important to the body. Without it men’s teeth become loose and their arms and legs weak.

4.There are other vitamins, but these, А, В, C and D, are the most important.

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Урок английского языка на тему

Урок в 7 классе

Рахматуллина Светлана Александровна , учитель английского языка

МБУ СОШ №94 г.о. Тольятти

Цель урока : Применение изученной лексики по темам: «Еда», «Здоровье», « Спорт» в новой учебной ситуации.

Задачи: 1. Введение конструкции “ is considered to be ”?, повторение степеней сравнения прилагательных.

2. Формирование речевой и компенсаторной компетенций.

3. Воспитание стремления к здоровому образу жизни.

Оборудование: магнитофон, видеопроектор.

Наглядность: иллюстрации, изображающие различные виды спорта и продукты питания.

— There are a lot of different diseases;

— Unfortunately, about 80% of pupils living school have health problems.

People of different nations have proverbs about health which underline the importance of health. Let’s remember some of them:

Makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise.

Teacher: What proverb can we choose as a motto of our lesson?

Teacher: Our health depends on different things. What are they?

— They are: our habits, the food we eat, physical activity.

Teacher : Let’s begin with our habits. First name bad habits.

— eating lots of sweets

— eating between meals

— sleeping too much or too little

Teacher: How do bad habits influence our health?

— lead to obesity

— such habits as taking drugs, drinking alcohol or smoking are really deadly and could be cause of death

— eating between meals, snaking, skipping breakfast, sleeping too little or too much are indicative of chaotic lifestyle

Teacher: On the contrary good habits promote our health. What are they?

Pupils: Eating healthy food, regular meals, sleeping 7-8 hours, doing morning exercising, playing sport.

Teacher: So, to stay healthy for a long time we should have good habits and to avoid bad ones.

Учащиеся отвечают на вопросы учителя.

3. Eating habits.

Teacher: Now let’s discuss another thing which influences our fit – the food we eat. “We are what we eat” the proverb says. Pupils, what food do you prefer to eat?

Teacher: Pupils, are you sure that food you usually eat is good for your health? Listen to Dr. Amy Murphy’s lecture about healthy eating and answer what food is good for our health.

In order to stay healthy it is important to have a balanced diet – in other words, food that contains something from each of the three main groups of food. These groups are protein, fat, and carbohydrates.

You find protein in lots of food, for example meat, fish, nuts, cheese and milk. It helps your body to grow and to be healthy and it gives you energy. Fat gives you energy but don’t eat a lot – it’s bad for you. There are a lot of fatty foods that come from animals, for example milk, cheese, butter and meat.

Carbohydrates give you more than 70% of your energy. Bread, pasta, cereals, fruits, and vegetables such as potatoes and cabbage all contain lots of carbohydrates.

Fruits, vegetables, beans and nuts, brown bread all have fibre. It doesn’t give you energy but it fills your stomach when you are hungry.

There are many different vitamins and minerals. They help our body be healthy. You can get all your vitamins and minerals from fresh fruit and vegetables.

2. Используя текст, учащиеся заполняют таблицу: