People who made the break in the third of our seriesii
People who made the break in the third of our seriesii
Тесты для самоконтроля
ТЕСТЫ ДЛЯ САМОКОНТРОЛЯ
1. Travel, like whipped cream, is broadening; but after repeated helpings it is also nauseating, and the traveller, like the glutton, returns with thankfulness to a sturdier diet. (E. Queen)
2. «H’lo, h’lo,» croaked Aaron Dow, sitting tensely on the edge of his miserable cot. (E. Queen)
3. Never since the death of Edward Riscoe had she felt so alienated from Stephen; never since then had she been so in need of him. (A. Christie)
4. She was free in her prison of passion. (O. Wilde)
6. «Fostered she was with milk of Irish breast, Her sire an earl; her dame of prince’s blood.» (A. Seton)
8. «There are a few things so pleasant as a picnic lunch eaten in perfect comfort,» Elliot added sententiously. «The old Dutchess d’Uzes used to tell me that the most stubborn male becomes amendable to suggestion in these conditions. What will you give them for luncheon? «Stuffed eggs and a chicken sandwich.» «Nonsense. You can’t have a picnic without pate de foie gras.» (S. Maugham)
9. The two women hated one another. Ellie despised Frau Becker because she was a foundling and had been a servant, and bitterly resented her for being the mistress of the house and in a position to give orders. (S. Maugham)
10. Like all people who try to exhaust the subject, he exhausted his listeners. (O. Wilde)
1. «I wouldn’t listen to no such reports, miss Lizzie,» said the waiter smoothly from the narrow opening above his chin. (O’Henry)
2. «O Lord, how mysterious are thy ways! Thou hast chosen to train our, young brother not so much in prayer as in the struggles of the Olympic field. » (Elmer Gentry)
3. My little party did not go too badly. (S. Maugham)
4. «Where are you lunching Harry?» «At Aunt Agatha’s. I have asked myself and Mr. Gray. He is her latest protege.» (O. Wilde)
5. Only in one respect did Florence Enderby fail. (Reed)
7. «Don’t you love him very much?» I asked at last. «I don’t know. I’m impatient with him. I’m exasperated with him. I keep longing for him.” (S. Maugham)
8. «Oh, you are much nicer than the rest of your horrid, rude, vulgar, dishonest family.» (O. Wilde)
9. He’s nothing but a dirty little snob, and if there’s one thing in the world I detest and despise, it’s snobishness.» (S. Maugham)
10. The two cities were separated only by a thin well-bridged river; their tails curling over the banks met and mingled, and at the juncture, under the jealous eye of each, lay every fall the State Fair. (O. Fitzgerald)
1. Clop-clop-clop! Up the street came the Barton Leigh delivery wagon. Clop-clop! A man jumped out, dumped an iron anchor to the pavement, hurried along the street, turned away, turned back again, came toward them with a long square box in his hand. (O. Fitzgerald)
2. I couldn’t have missed that face of his, the old experienced weasel. (S. Fitzgerald)
3. He showed me photographs of Isabel, hefty but handsome in her wedding dress. (S. Maugham)
4. What’s de big idea?» squealed Dow, shrinking back on his cot. «Trying to-to-«. (E. Queen)
5. «Some day, when you are old and wrinkled and ugly, when thought has seared your forehead with its lines, and passion branded your lips with its hideous fires, you will feel it, you will feel it terribly. » (O. Wilde)
6. Nothing can cure the soul but the senses, just as nothing can cure the senses but the soul. (O. Wilde)
7. Words! Mere words! How terrible they were! How clear, and vivid, and cruel! One could not escape from them. And yet what a subtle magic there was in them. (O. Wilde)
8. His whims are laws to everybody, except himself. (O. Wilde)
9. «What fun! If mother ever saw anybody like that come in the house, she’d just lie down and die.» (H. Melville)
10. «Don’t think of it Vandy,» he replied. «We are short and Art is long.» (O’Henry)
1. Her eyes were like diamonds, keen and brilliant. Her voice, when she spoke, was very deep and soft, with a remote hoarseness that was not unpleasant. (E. Queen)
2. I knew after one look at his honest, stubborn face, that he would be hard to convince. My theory was made out of the whole cloth of logic; and this man would never drape himself in anything but the armor of evidence. (E. Queen)
5. Father looked at me, and I looked at him, and then we both bent over to read the message. (E. Queen)
6. Jeremy was mooning at my feet. I remember that he had hold of my ankle as we sat on the porch and was rhapsodizing about its slenderness in a very inane way… (E. Queen)
9. Dusk or daylight or unrelieved midnight, Dominic would have known her. (E. Peters)
10. Miss Medora resembled the rose which the autumnal frosts had spared the longest of all her sister blossoms. (O’Henry)
1. «Inspector, s’elp me!» The words tumbled out. «I been in the pen around dozen. It ain’t like a guy gets an ace. Twelve years is a hell of a long time. So I wants to wet my whistle. Ain’t had nothing but pertater water for so long I don’t know what th’ real stuff tastes like.» Father explained to me later, that an ‘ace’ was prison jargon for a one-year sentence; and as for ‘potato water’, Warden Magnus told me subsequently that it was a vicious fermented brew home-made in secret by thirsty inmates out of potato peelings and other vegetable rinds. (E. Queen)
2. Mark Currier was a very fat, a very bald and a very astute gentleman of middle age. (E. Queen)
3. She hated the beach, resented the places where she had played planet to Dick’s sun. (S. Fitzgerald)
4. She remembered a string of factories which she had passed on her way. The school was not unlike them at first sight, massive, immaculate, teeming with life, and yet impersonal. (Reed)
5. Scarlet woman! Thy sins be upon thy head! No longer are you going to get away with leading poor unfortunate young men into the sink and cesspool of iniquity. (Elmer Gentry)
6. He is some brainless beautiful creature, who should be always here in winter, when we have no flowers to look at, and always here in summer, when we want something to chill our intelligence. (O. Wilde)
7. Laughter is not at all a bad beginning for a friendship, and it is far the best ending for one. (O. Wilde)
9. Vice and virtue are to the artist materials for an art. (O. Wilde)
10. «How absurd! How could a man of my position be fair-minded toward you? You might as well speak of a Spaniard being fair-minded toward a piece of steak.» At this harsh observation the faces of the two dozen steaks fell, but the tall man continued. (O. Fitzgerald)
1. Then the silence was broken by a voice in front of Rosemary. (S. Fitzgerald)
2. «Will you allow me to give you a piece of advice, Larry? It’s not anything I give often.» «It’s not anything I often take,» he answered with a grin. (S. Maugham)
3. Anna did not like to risk a rebuff by asking after Maurice, though she would dearly have loved to know if that amiable parasite was still with the same host. (Miss Reed)
4. It was between seven and eight o’clock on a March evening, and all over London the bars were being drawn from pit and gallery door. Bang, thud and clunk. Grim sounds to preface an evening’s amusement. (J. Tey)
5. «I want you to be very nice to her, Isabel.» «That’s asking for much. You’re crazy. She’s bad, bad, bad…» (S. Maugham)
6. «Poor Sybil! What a romance it had all been! She had often mimicked death on the stage. Then Death himself had touched her and taken her with him.» (O. Wilde)
8. Jane’s eyes and Michaels were round as saucers with surprise. «What was he saying?» they demanded breathlessly, both together. (P. Travers)
9. The man of the photograph was the man who had lived with Sorrel, was the man who had fled at sight of him in the Strand, was the man who had had all Sorrel’s money, and was almost certainly the man of the queue. (J. Tey)
1. For the last few minutes he had been technically awake, but his brain, wrapped in the woolliness of sleep and conscious of the ungrateful chilliness of the morning, had denied him thought. (J. Tey)
2. Wilson shook his head decidedly. «We went to our limit, and he was still as fresh as a daisy. Maybe he does love his money, but he loves his own way even more.» (E. Peters)
3. A shutter opened suddenly in a room two stories above and an English voice spat distinctly, «Will you kaindlay stup tucking!” (S. Fitzgerald)
4. «He’s out most evenings.» «At the Youth Club?” asked Anna. «Not likely! I think he has found a sympathetic female ear somewhere and enjoys pouring out his troubles.» (Miss Reed)
5. You see, money to you means freedom, to me it means bondage. (S. Maugham)
6. Grant, who was dying to have a statement in black and white, explained that the man himself was anxious to give one and that giving it would surely harm him less than having it simmering his brain. (J. Tey)
7. «This kind of battle was invented by Lewis Carrol and Jules Verne and whoever wrote Undine. Why, this was a love battle, there was a century of middle-class love spent here. This was a love battle.» (S. Fitzgerald)
8. The evening darkened in the room. Noiselessly and with silver feet, the shadows crept in from the garden. (O. Wilde)
9. «You’ve got a Titian, haven’t you?» «We had. It’s in America now.» (S. Maugham)
10. He saw Nicole in the garden. Presently he must encounter her and the prospect gave him a leaden feeling. Before her he must keep up a perfect front, now and tomorrow, next week and next year. (S. Fitzgerald)
1. There he sat, a vast, crumpled, mountain of a man, spattered with cigarette ash, too lazy even to think straightforwardly. (Miss Reed)
2. Unlike American trains that were absorbed in the intense destiny of their own and scornful of people, this train was part of the country through which it passed. Its breath stirred the dust from the palm leaves, the cinders mingled with the dry dung in the gardens. (S. Fitzgerald)
3. His dream had begun in sombre majesty: navy blue uniforms crossed a dark plaza behind bands playing the second movement of Prokofieff’s «Love of Three Oranges». (S. Fitzgerald)
4. The only way to get rid of a temptation is to yield it. (O. Wilde)
8. Then we left our napkins and empty glasses and a little of the past on the table, and hand in hand went into the moonlight. (S. Fitzgerald)
10. «I’m sorry dear,» said Harry malignantly apologetic, «but you know what I think of them.» (S. Fitzgerald)
1. But Lady Brandon treats her guests exactly as an auctioneer treats his goods. (O. Wilde)
2. Andrew realized that he did not detest Denny as much as he had thought. (A. Cronin)
3. But a careful scrutiny revealed nothing; nothing but curiosity was apparent on any countenance of the audience. (J. Tey)
4. «No one’s said a thing,» objected Anna. «Surely, Miss Hobbs would know?» «Miss Hobbs’ lips are sealed untill she receives orders from Miss Enderby to unseal them,» Joan told her. (Reed)
5. Troubled and disappointed, he began to put the things back as he had found them. (J. Tey)
7. «Sit down, you dancing, prancing, shambling, scumbling fool parrot! Sit down!» (Ch. Dickens)
8. «What have you got tonight?» «It’s veal porkolt. Veal cubes, lotta onion, paprika, and tomato paste. You’ll love it. You’ll go nuts. It’s the best kinda stew I make. Henry’s rolls and everything, and on the plate I’m gonna put some soft cheese and a coupla gherkins.» (S. Gratton)
9. «They’re certainly going to hold on to her,» Nicole assured him briskly. «She did shoot the man.» (S. Fitzgerald)
10. There was a series of frightful explosions; then with a measured tup-tup-tup from the open cut-out, insolent, percussive and thrilling as a drum, the car and the girl and the young man whom they had recognized as Speed Paxton slid smoothly away. (S. Fitzgerald)
(All passages for analysis are taken from «Mary Poppins» by P Travers)
2. I should get somebody to put in the Morning Paper the news that Jane and Michael and John and Barbara Banks (to say nothing of their Mother) require the best possible Nannie at the lowest possible wage and at once.
3. Michael could not restrain himself. «What a funny bag!» he said, pinching it with his fingers. «Carpet,» said Mary Poppins, putting her key in the lock. «To carry carpets in, you mean?» No. Made of.» «Oh,» said Michael. «I see.» But he didn’t quite.
5. «The day out every third Thursday,» said Mrs Banks. “Two till five.» Mary Poppins eyed her sternly. «The best people, ma’am,» she said, «give every second Thursday, and one till six. And those I shall take or. » Mary Poppins paused, and Mrs. Banks knew what the pause meant.
6. «I can see you’re rather surprised,» said Mr Wigg. And, indeed, their mouths were so wide open with astonishment that Mr. Wigg, if he had been a little smaller, might almost have fallen into one of them.
КЛЮЧИ К ТЕСТАМ ДЛЯ САМОКОНТРОЛЯ
1. Сравнение, параллелизм.
2. Фонетическое варьирование.
3. Антитеза, параллелизм, анафора.
4. Оксюморон, метафора.
5. Антитеза, анафора, параллелизм.
6. Архаизмы, книжная лексика, метонимия, инверсия.
8. Варваризмы, книжная лексика.
Двойное отрицание, метонимия.
Архаизмы, книжная лексика.
Варваризмы, эллиптические предложения.
Аллитерации, эпитеты, обособление.
Фонетическое варьирование, эпитет.
Метафора, нарастание, полисиндетон.
Односоставные предложения, эмфатическая инверсия, синонимы-уточнители, метафора.
1. Сравнение, литота, стертая метафора.
2. Развернутая метафора.
3. Фонетическое варьирование, жаргонизмы.
7. Сравнение, подхват.
9. Полисиндетон, инверсия, аллитерация.
Фонетическое варьирование, жаргонизмы.
Развернутая метафора, синонимы-уточнители.
Литота, эпитеты, асиндетон.
Аллитерация, метафора, антитеза.
Нарастание, стертая метафора.
Метонимия, стертая метафора.
Номинативные предложения, ономатопея, асиндетон.
Олицетворение, эмфатическая инверсия.
3. Метафора, фонетическое варьирование.
4. Метонимия, стертая метафора, эллипс.
7. Обрамление, метафора.
8. Олицетворение, инверсия.
9. Метонимическая антономасия.
10. Метафорический эпитет, нарастание, анафора.
1. Метафора, инвертированный эпитет, гипербола.
2. Развернутая метафора, инверсия.
5. Апосиопеза, параллелизм, анафора, метафора.
7. Просодические средства.
8. Зевгма, полисиндетон.
9. Метафора, метонимический эпитет.
1. Сравнение, параллелизм.
5. Обособление, инверсия, синонимы-уточнители.
6. Развернутая метафора.
7. Асиндетон, нарастание, обрамление.
8. Односоставные предложения, стяженные формы, фонетическое варьирование.
9. Транспозиция вспомогательного глагола.
10. Сравнение, ономатопея, метафора.
1. Каламбур, метафора.
2. Полисиндетон, парентеза, антитеза.
3. Номинативные и эллиптические предложения.
4. Обратная антономасия, оксюморон.
6. Мейозис, гипербола.
7. Параллелизм, зевгма.
8. Инверсия, синонимы-уточнители, сравнение, метафора.
What Russians don’t understand about American racism (OP-ED)
AP, Legion Media
Four years ago, around the time I was settling into life in Russia, a woman asked me about racism in America. She said, “We don’t have that here in Russia because we enslaved each other.”
When I asked what she meant, she said, “Well, it is not like I can look at my neighbor and say: you, your ancestor enslaved my ancestor, and so it is your fault. We are all the same, so it is nobody’s fault.”
I didn’t know her too well but I couldn’t help saying, “You know, that isn’t really what racism is about in America. It is a part of it, but it’s not like ‘my ancestors enslaved your ancestors, so: racism.’ America is still a very racist place. It was built on a foundation of systemic racism, from slavery, to segregation, to the institutional racism we have today.
She said that she didn’t know what systemic racism was, so I explained as best I could: “Imagine America is a house with many floors. Everyone in America is born into that house with the goal of getting to the roof where everything is grand and people have buckets of money and success.
“Now, most people never make it to the roof, or even close. Most people spend their lives trying to climb up a few floors to drop off some progeny in the hopes that they will climb higher. The problem with systemic racism is that, while white families are often born a few floors up, most black families are born in the basement. And this is a funny house where the higher you go, the easier it is to climb, with more open doors, and people to help you along the way. In the basement there are mostly locked doors and mazes where no one shows you where to go.
“Even if everything were equal now, which it isn’t, it wasn’t more than a single generation back that laws openly kept black people down in that basement. This means that inherited property and wealth, the prosperity of neighborhoods, and the access to higher education and services only started a generation ago. So, white people have had a six or seven generations head start up the stairs of this house. And if all of the power is at the top, who do you think is still making those rules?”
At which point she crossed her arms and said, “Yeah, well, what about Obama, then?”
Conservative agenda
A Black Lives Matter march in New York, July 13, 2020
This would not be the last time I’d have this conversation, or similar ones, with Russians, who in my experience, are genuinely curious about things and don’t shy away from asking questions. It is a respectable quality that leads to Russians being a lot more well informed on a variety of topics, while other cultures that don’t express this bold curiosity aren’t as educated.
When I told my friend about the house it would have been much more convenient if I could have downloaded the past 300 years of American history into her brain along with statistics on systemic racial discrimination, but I was working with what I had at the time. Now, as the dialogues around these issues have become a worldwide fascination, I have found a lot of Russians acting more sure-footed in their comments about race. Interestingly, the majority of the comments I’ve received go a little something like this:
“America doesn’t have racism anymore. It was a problem before when black people weren’t allowed into the same places as white people, but not anymore.”
This was news to me. I learned at a young age from black friends that things weren’t so lovely as American conservatives like to pretend. Even in the 90s, in very liberal Massachusetts where I am from, there were instances of burning crosses and bricks being thrown through windows of my black friends’ homes.
Today, the KKK, a historically racist organization, is still limping along in many places in the U.S. Disproportionate police brutality and openly racist public behavior is still quite common. This isn’t to mention the persistent violence against black people (up to and including murder) regularly documented by witnesses’ cell phone videos.
The stench of racism in America is only a scratch and a sniff away. So, when some Russians told me America isn’t racist anymore, I had to ask: Where are you getting your information? And, without fail, I was sent links to YouTube videos, Reddit posts, and conservative blogs.
Then, even more curious, I asked if they’d ever talked about these things with an American black person. Not a single one had. This isn’t to say that there aren’t well-informed Russians out there with a plethora of black friends to call upon who still believe these things, but they seemed starkly absent from the conversation.
When I asked some Russians why they thought the prison system in America was disproportionately black, I got the response of “thug culture encourages this behavior.” However, statistics show that white and black people do drugs at almost the same rate, so why would the number of black people in prison for drug charges be so exponentially higher, unless, for some reason, black people were targeted and searched exponentially more often, which is exactly what happens.
Racism misunderstood
I reached out to some other Russians who have openly shown support for the Black Lives Matter movement to ask why they thought so many other Russians were unaware of the existence of American racism. Nikita, from Moscow, had this to say:
“I think the reason that we (Russians) don’t see it is that, in our life experience, racism is just not a form of discrimination we often face. In fact, one could live their life without facing it at all. Many people don’t know any black people personally and think of racism as an American problem that takes its roots from slavery. Even though many of us have grandparents who would say something like ‘Blacks are animals’’, we would think ‘They’re old and ignorant and I’m progressive, I’m not racist.’ To understand racism, a Russian person would need to travel around the world, get to know people who are suffering from this problem, have a conversation, and do their research. These videos on YouTube of rioting and looting are just action shocking bits that people would watch with more interest than long boring but truthful and detailed analysis of systematic racism.”
An educated opinion
It would be impossible to put a fraction of the scope of systemic racism into one article. But the time and effort to learn about it is important for anyone to go through before committing to an opinion that looks down on a whole race of people. With the BLM movement in America, everyone feels like they need to form an opinion fast and nothing is faster than a quick Reddit thread or YouTube videos of conservative talking heads to make you feel certain.
TIME Magazine writer Justin Worland summed it up in a recent article, “America’s Long Overdue Awakening to Systemic Racism,” pointing out some hard realities that everyone, not just Americans, should realize:
“To actually capture all the ways in which the system is skewed against black people would require tome upon tome. But even a short list feels very long: black women are three to four times as likely as white women to die in childbirth, in part because of a lack of access to quality health care; black children are more likely to attend under-resourced schools, thanks to a reliance on local property taxes for funding; black voters are four times as likely as white voters to report difficulties voting or engaging in politics than their white counterparts, in part because of laws that even today are designed to keep them from exercising their basic democratic rights; millions more have been disenfranchised because of felony convictions; hurricane flooding has been shown to hit black neighborhoods disproportionately. ”
Long-read articles and libraries worth of books on both individual and systemic racism don’t make good viral material. A series of tweets or out-of-context video clips, dominoes of confirmation bias, seem to be all that many people, not just Russians, feel is enough to condemn a movement and play deaf to the suffering of a group of people.
Benjamin Davis, an American writer living in Russia, explores various topics, from the pointless to the profound, through conversations with Russians. READ MORE: Why don’t Russians smile?
If using any of Russia Beyond’s content, partly or in full, always provide an active hyperlink to the original material.
Методические указания по практике устной и письменной речи английского языка (стр. 2 )
 | Из за большого объема этот материал размещен на нескольких страницах: 1 2 3 |
1 The woman was left unharmed in Epping Forest in Essex after the gang had picked up the money and ____.
2 The good people of Eltham made a stand against crime yesterday. One have-a-go hero was shot in the back by armed robbers and a man who used his car to ram their getaway vehicle was facing a costly repair bill. But the brave folk from the south-east London suburb won in the end, and the raiders ____.
3 A brave police chief foiled an armed robbery on a jeweller’s by grabbing the raiders’ shotgun. As Chief Superintendent Chris Standen, 54, wrestled with the gunman, a shot blasted into the ceiling of the shop in Bath. Despite being hit over the head, he clung to the gun and the raiders ____.
4 A sub-postmaster has been shot dead during an attempted robbery of a post-office in Clapton in North London. Police say three armed men were waiting in the post office when the postmaster and his wife arrived to open up. When he refused to hand over any money he was shot. The gunmen ____.
5 Mr. Culling was forced to drive to his bank and hand over the cash. His younger brother Philip was tied up and locked in the boot of a car for three hours while the gang ____.
17 Gun culture. The transcript below is from National Public Radio. The program presenter speaks twice, introducing contributions from two outside specialists, who each speak once. At what two points do each of the two specialists start speaking? (Not all the points indicate a change of speaker.)
PACKING A PIECE
· The popular image of urban homicide is one of urban gang battles and drive-by shootings. But half the people who kill each other also know one another. Many are members of the same family. Jerry Gliden is director of the Chicago Crime Commission, a non-profit organization that monitors why people commit violent crimes.
· And if the wife goes out and does something, or if the husband goes out and gets drunk and there’s a big argument, and then sometimes one of them will wait till the other one goes to sleep and shoot them or stab them.
· Gwen Fitzgerald, of Handgun Control, says criminals know this and they’re looking for the most powerful guns they can find.
· One veteran law enforcement officer said, you know, 20 years ago when he started, all criminals were not armed.
18 Translate the interview with a fraud squad detective and explain in English the meaning of the words and phrases in bold type.
FRAUD AND EMBEZZLEMENT
“I’m Sam Woo. I’ve been a fraud squad detective for 20 years and I’ve seen a lot!
Once, a gang counterfeited millions of banknotes in a garage. We found US$10 million in counterfeit notes. They were very good quality. Counterfeiting or forgery of banknotes was a problem, but now all the forgers are in jail.
Faking luxury goods like Rolex watches was also a problem, but we’re working hard to close workshops where fakes are made.
There have been bad cases of fraud where someone offers to lend money, but demands that the borrower pays a «fee» before they get the loan. People can be stupid.
There used to be a lot of racketeers demanding «protection money» from businesses. If they didn’t pay, their businesses were burnt down.
19 Complete the table below using information from the interview in Exercise 18. The first line gives an example. Refer to a dictionaryif necessary.
Verb: what the criminal does (He/she…)
Noun: thing made or done in the crime
2. Чтение
Примеры ответов: 7 или здесьисейчас или 3514
Прочитайте текст и выполните задания 12–18. Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.
For almost 125 years, the secrecy surrounding the recipe for Coca-Cola has been one of the world’s great marketing tricks. As the story goes, the fizzy drink’s famous ‘7X’ formula has remained unchanged since it was developed in 1886. Today, the recipe is entrusted only to two Coke executives, neither of whom can travel on the same plane for fear the secret would go down with them.
Now, one of America’s most celebrated radio broadcasters claims to have discovered the Coke secret. Ira Glass, presenter of the public radio institution This American Life, says he has tracked down a copy of the recipe, the original of which is still supposedly held in a burglar-proof vault at the Sun Trust Bank in Atlanta, Georgia.
The formula was created by John Pemberton, an Atlanta chemist and former Confederate army officer who crafted cough medicines in his spare time. In 1887, he sold the recipe to a businessman, Asa Griggs, who immediately placed it for safekeeping in the Georgia Trust Bank.
Glass came across a recipe that he believes is the secret formula in a back issue of Pemberton’s local paper, the Atlanta Journal-Constitution, while he was researching an entirely different story. Tucked away on an inside page of the 8 February 1979 edition, he stumbled on an article that claimed to have uncovered the closely guarded ‘7X’ formula.
The column was based on information found in an old leather-bound notebook that belonged to Pemberton’s best friend and fellow Atlanta chemist, RR Evans. Glass was intrigued and, after some digging, found that the notebook had been handed down over generations until it reached a chemist in Georgia called Everett Beal, whose widow still possesses it.
The rediscovered recipe includes extract of coca leaves, caffeine, plenty of sugar (it specifies 30 unidentified units thought to be pounds), lime juice, vanilla and caramel. Into that syrup, the all-important ‘7X’ ingredients are added: alcohol and six oils – orange, lemon, nutmeg, coriander, neroli and cinnamon. The formula is very similar to the recipe worked out by Mark Pendergrast who wrote a history of the drink in 1993 called For God, Country & Coca-Cola.
Coke’s secret recipe is, in fact, partly a myth. The soda has changed substantially over time. Cocaine, a legal stimulant in Pemberton’s day, was removed from the drink in 1904 after mounting public unease about the drug. Extract of coca leaves is still used but only after the cocaine has been removed.
In 1980, the company replaced sugar, squeezed from beet and cane, with the cheaper corn sweetener that is often found in American food and drink. Coke fans were not impressed.
Despite such occasional controversies, one element has remained constant: Coke’s commitment to keeping its own secret. Speculation about the recipe has been a popular talking point for more than a century, proving good for business. The company has reacted to the This American Life story in a way that has been typical of its commercial strategy since the 19 th century. “Many third parties have tried to crack our secret formula. Try as they might, they’ve been unsuccessful,” Coca-Cola’s Kerry Tressler said.
12. The best title reflecting the message of the story probably is
13. Who is supposed to know the Coke secret recipe nowadays?
14. How did Ira Glass learn about the recipe?
15. Which of the following does NOT belong to the famous ‘7X’ ingredients?
16. Why might the secret recipe be considered a myth?
17. What disappointed Coca-Cola fans in 1980?
18. The phrase “proving good for business” in the last paragraph means that the rumors about the recipe …
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Yves Henri Donat Matthieu Saint Laurent was born on August 1, 1936, in Oran, Algeria. He grew up in a villa by the Mediterranean with his two younger sisters, Michelle and Brigitte. While his family was relatively well off—his father was a lawyer and insurance broker who owned a chain of cinemas—childhood for the future fashion icon was not easy. Saint Laurent was not popular in school, and was often bullied by schoolmates. As a consequence, Saint Laurent was a nervous child, and sick nearly every day.
He found solace, however, in the world of fashion. He liked to create intricate paper dolls, and by his early teen years he was designing dresses for his mother and sisters. At the age of 17, a whole new world opened up to Saint Laurent when his mother took him to Paris for a meeting she had arranged with Michael de Brunhoff, the editor of French Vogue.
A year later, Saint Laurent, who had impressed de Brunhoff with his drawings, moved to Paris and enrolled at the Chambre Syndicale de la Couture, where his designs gained notice very quickly. De Brunhoff also introduced Saint Laurent to designer Christian Dior, a giant in the fashion world. «Dior fascinated me,» Saint Laurent later recalled. «I couldn’t speak in front of him. He taught me the basis of my art. Whatever was to happen next, I never forgot the years I spent at his side.» Under Dior’s tutelage, Saint Laurent’s style continued to mature and gain still more notice.
In 1960 Saint Laurent was called back to his home country of Algeria to fight for its independence. He managed to secure an exemption based on health grounds, but when he returned to Paris, Saint Laurent found that his job with Dior had disappeared. The news, at first, was traumatic for the young, fragile designer. Then it became ugly, with Saint Laurent successfully suing his former mentor for breach of contract, and collecting £48,000.
Over the next two decades, Saint Laurent’s designs sat atop the fashion world. Models and actresses gushed over his creations. He outfitted women in blazers and smoking jackets, and introduced attire like the pea coat to the runway. His signature pieces also included the sheer blouse and the jumpsuit.
By the 1980s, Yves Saint Laurent was a true icon. He became the first designer to have a retrospective on his work at the Metropolitan Museum in New York City. The fashion house flourished as a money making venture.
12. Yves Saint Laurent didn’t have a happy childhood because
13. The turning point in his life was
14. At the Chambre Syndicale de la Couture the work of Yves Saint Laurent
15. Why couldn’t Yves Saint Laurent speak in front of Christian Dior?
16. After Yves Saint Laurent returned from Algeria, Christian Dior
17. The expression “sat atop” in the first line of the 5th paragraph means
18. During the 80-s the profits of the fashion ‘Saint Laurent’ house were
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«I don’t mind staying after school,» I said to Professor Herbert, «but I’d rather you’d whip me with a switch and let me go home early. Pa will whip me anyway for getting home two hours late.» «You are too big to whip,» said Professor Herbert, «and I have to punish you for climbing up in that cherry tree. The other five boys have paid their dollar each. You have been the only one who has not helped pay for the tree. Can you borrow a dollar?» «I can’t,» I said. «I’ll have to take the punishment. I wouldn’t mind. My father believes that if you spare the rod you spoil the child. I’ll never be able to make him understand about the cherry tree.”
«You must take the punishment,» said Professor Herbert. «You must stay two hours after school today and two hours after school tomorrow. I’m allowing you twenty-five cents an hour. That is good money for a high-school student. You can sweep the schoolhouse floor, wash the blackboards, clean windows. I’ll pay the dollar for you.»
It was six o’clock when I left the schoolhouse. I hurried home. I saw Pa spreading fodder on the ground to the cattle. That was my job. I ran up to the fence. I said, «Leave that for me, Pa. I’ll do it. I’m just a little late.» «I see you are,» said Pa. He turned and looked at me. His eyes danced fire. «What in the world has kept you so? Why ain’t you been here to help me with this work?» I didn’t want to tell him why I was late from school. Pa stopped scattering the bundles of fodder. He said, «Why are you getting in here this time of night?» I said, «I had to stay after school.»
I couldn’t lie to Pa. He’d go to school and find out why I had to stay. If I lied to him it would be too bad for me. I said, «Our biology class went on a field trip today. Six of us boys broke down a cherry tree. We had to give a dollar apiece to pay for the tree. I didn’t have the dollar. Professor Herbert is making me work out my dollar. He gives me twenty-five cents an hour. I had to stay in this afternoon. I’ll have to stay in tomorrow afternoon!» “Are you telling me the truth?” asked Pa. «Yes,» I said, «go and see for yourself.» «That’s just what I’ll do in the morning,» said Pa.
It was early when we got to the county high school the next morning. Professor Herbert had just got there. «You’re the Professor here, ain’t you?» asked Pa. «Yes,» said Professor Herbert, «and you are Dave’s father.» «Yes,» said Pa, «just a few things about this school I want to know. I’m trying to make a scholar of Dave. He’s the only one out of eleven young ones I’ve sent to high school. Here he comes in late and leaves me all the work to do! He says you all were out bug hunting yesterday and he broke a cherry tree down. He had to stay two hours after school yesterday and work out money to pay on that cherry tree! Is that right?» «I guess it is,» said Professor Herbert. «Well,» said Pa, «this ain’t no high school. It’s a bug school, a lizard school, a snake school! It ain’t no school no how!»
«I was only doing my duty, Mr. Sexton, and following the course of study the state provided us with.» said Professor Herbert. «Course o’ study,» said Pa, «what study, bug study? Taking young ones to the woods and their poor old Ma’s and Pa’s at home slaving to keep them in school and give them education!» «We were not only hunting snakes, toads, flowers, butterflies, lizards,» said Professor Herbert, «but I was hunting dry timothy grass to put in an incubator and raise some protozoa.» «I don’t know what that is,» said Pa. «The incubator is the new-fangled way of cheating the hens and raising chickens. I ain’t so sure about the breed of chickens you mentioned.»
«You’ve heard of germs, Mr. Sexton, haven’t you?» said Professor Herbert. «Yes,» said Pa, «but I don’t believe in germs. I’m sixty-five years old and I ain’t seen one yet!» «You can’t see them with your naked eye,» said Professor Herbert. «Just stay with me in the high school today. I have a few things to show you. That scum on your teeth has germs in it.» «What,» said Pa, «you mean to tell me I’ve got germs on my teeth!» «Yes,» said Professor Herbert. «I don’t mean to dispute your word,» said Pa, «but I don’t believe it. I don’t believe I have germs on my teeth!» «Stay with me today and I’ll show you”, said Professor Herbert. «I’ll stay with you,» said Pa. «I want to see the germs on my teeth. I’ve never seen one in my life.»
12. The narrator thought that the most suitable punishment for him under the circumstances was to …
1) be detained after school.
2) be whipped by the Professor.
3) be whipped by his father.
4) find a way to pay the money.
13. The pedagogical credo of the narrator’s father “If you spare the rod you spoil the child” implies that …
1) the corporal punishment is the most effective way to bring up children.
2) you should use the rod sparingly when you deal with children.
3) the more you use the rod, the more spoilt the child becomes.
4) parents shouldn’t spoil children by giving them too much freedom.
14. Professor Herbert suggested that the narrator should …
1) do some odd jobs to earn the money he had to repay his teacher.
2) take up the job of a school cleaner to help his family.
3) help Professor Herbert with the household chores like cleaning windows.
4) look for a job for at least twenty-five cents an hour.
15. The narrator’s Pa was angry with his son because …
1) his son was reluctant to help him with the farm work.
2) his son was unwilling to explain why he was late.
3) he had to do his son’s share of routine work on the farm.
4) his son had broken down a cherry tree.
16.The narrator’s father went to the county high school in order to …
1) find out if his son had really been offered a job.
2) forbid Professor Herbert to detain his son after school.
3) apologize for his son and pay the money for the broken tree.
4) express his dissatisfaction with the school curriculum.
17. When Professor Herbert used the word “protozoa”, which the narrator’s Pa didn’t know, the father …
1) felt humiliated by his own ignorance.
2) asked the Professor to clarify the meaning of the word.
3) understood the meaning of the word from the context.
4) thought it was a new breed of chickens.
18. The narrator’s father made up his mind to stay at school for a day in order to …
1) make sure his son was taught properly.
2) satisfy his natural curiosity.
3) expose Professor Herbert as a charlatan.
4) prove that his teeth were absolutely clean.
Прочитайте текст и выполните задания 12–18. Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.
REUNION
The last time I saw my father was in Grand Central Station. I was going from my grandmother’s in the Adirondacks to a cottage on the Cape that my mother had rented, and I wrote my father that I would be in New York between trains for an hour and a half, and asked if we could have lunch together. His secretary wrote to say that he would meet me at the information booth at noon, and at twelve o’clock sharp I saw him coming through the crowd.
He was a stranger to me – my mother divorced him three years ago and I hadn’t been with him since – but as soon as I saw him I felt that he was my father, my flesh and blood, my future and my doom. I knew that when I was grown I would be something like him; I would have to plan my campaigns within his limitations. He was a big, good-looking man, and I was terribly happy to see him again.
He struck me on the back and shook my hand. «Hi, Charlie,» he said. «Hi, boy. I’d like to take you up to my club, but it’s in the Sixties, and if you have to catch an early train I guess we’d better get something to eat around here.» He put his arm around me, and I smelled my father the way my mother sniffs a rose. It was a rich compound of whiskey, after-shave lotion, shoe polish, woollens, and the rankness of a mature male. I hoped that someone would see us together. I wished that we could be photographed. I wanted some record of our having been together.
We went out of the station and up a side street to a restaurant. It was still early, and the place was empty. The bartender was quarrelling with a delivery boy, and there was one very old waiter in a red coat down by the kitchen door. We sat down, and my father hailed the waiter in a loud voice. «Kellner!» he shouted. «Garcon! You!» His boisterousness in the empty restaurant seemed out of place. «Could we have a little service here!» he shouted. Then he clapped his hands. This caught the waiter’s attention, and he shuffled over to our table.
«Were you clapping your hands at me?» he asked.
«Calm down, calm down,» my father said. «It isn’t too much to ask of you – if it wouldn’t be too much above and beyond the call of duty, we would like a couple of Beefeater Gibsons.»
«I don’t like to be clapped at,» the waiter said.
«I should have brought my whistle,» my father said. «I have a whistle that is audible only to the ears of old waiters. Now, take out your little pad and your little pencil and see if you can get this straight: two Beefeater Gibsons. Repeat after me: two Beefeater Gibsons.»
«I think you’d better go somewhere else,» the waiter said quietly.
«That,» said my father, «is one of the most brilliant suggestions I have ever heard. Come on, Charlie.»
I followed my father out of that restaurant into another. He was not so boisterous this time. Our drinks came, and he cross-questioned me about the baseball season. He then struck the edge of his empty glass with his knife and began shouting again. «Garcon! You! Could we trouble you to bring us two more of the same.»
«How old is the boy?» the waiter asked.
«That,» my father said, «is none of your business.»
«I’m sorry, sir,» the waiter said, «but I won’t serve the boy another drink.»
«Well, I have some news for you,» my father said. «I have some very interesting news for you. This doesn’t happen to be the only restaurant in New York. They’ve opened another on the corner. Come on, Charlie.»
He paid the bill, and I followed him out of that restaurant into another …
12.The narrator was looking forward to meeting with his father because he
1) expected to get a valuable present from him.
2) missed the feeling of being with him.
3) wanted to stay with him in New York.
4) hoped that his parents would get back together.
13.The narrator’s request to meet was accepted by his father
1) with great pleasure.
3) in business-like manner.
4) with much hope and expectation.
14.The narrator wanted to be photographed with his father because
1) he was proud of his father’s good looks.
2) he wished to remember their moments together.
3) it was the happiest time of his life.
4) he wanted to boast of his father to his friends.
15.The father did not invite his son to his club because
1) the son was pressed for time to catch a train.
2) it was a closed club with no children allowed.
3) the man feared that his son would not behave properly.
4) it was necessary to book in advance to enter the club.
16.The father’s behaviour in the first restaurant was inappropriate as he
1) was too boisterous in an empty restaurant.
2) tried to boast of his knowledge of foreign languages.
3) could not afford to pay the bill.
4) treated the waiter in a rude manner.
17.The waiter in the next restaurant refused to bring them more drinks as
1) the restaurant was closing soon.
2) the son looked pale and faint.
3) the boy was too young to drink alcohol.
4) the waiter got angry with the son.
18.The title of the story “Reunion” actually implies that the
1) son found his lost father after decades of separation.
2) son now would be living together with his father.
3) “father – son” relations is what both sides feel the need for.
4) son made an attempt to re-establish relations with his father.
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The London Marathon celebrates its 23rd birthday. That is 23 years of stresses and strains, blisters and sore bits, and incredible tales. Somehow, I truly managed to run four of them. And I have medals to prove it. It seemed like a good idea at the time. I watched the inaugural London Marathon on March 29th, 1981. It seemed extraordinary that normal people would want to run 26 miles and 385 yards. And, it must be said, they looked strange and not quite steady at the end of it all. There are, indeed, terrible tales of people losing consciousness by the time they reach that glorious finishing line. But I was captivated. I knew I had to do it.
Three years later I was living in London, not far from Greenwich where the event begins, and it seemed the perfect opportunity to give it a go. I was only a short train ride from the starting line, but more than 26 miles from the finish. “Who cares?” I thought. By the end I did. The moment I crossed that finishing line, and had that medal placed around my neck, was one of the finest in my life. The sense of achievement was immense. It was a mad thing to do, and ultimately pointless. But knowing that I’d run a Marathon – that most historic of all distant races – felt incredible.
London provides one of the easiest of all the officially sanctioned marathons because most of it is flat. Yes, there are the cobblestones while running through the Tower of London, and there are the quiet patches where crowds are thin and you are crying out for some encouragement – those things matter to the alleged “fun” runners like myself, the serious runners don’t think of such things.
This year London will attract unprecedented number of athletes, a lot of title holders among them. It is set to witness what is probably the greatest field ever for a marathon. In the men’s race, for example, among numerous applicants there’s the holder of the world’s best time, Khalid Khannouchi of the USA; the defending champion El Mouriz of Morocco; Ethiopia’s Olympic bronze-medallist Tesfaye Tola. And, making his marathon debut, is one of the finest long distance runners of all time Haile Gebrselassie.
It’s crazy, and it’s one of the greatest things I’ve ever done. If you want to feel as though you’ve achieved something, run a marathon.
12. Participation in the London Marathon resulted for the author in
1)stresses and strains.
2)blisters and sore bits.
13. When the author watched the end of the first marathon he saw people who were
2)feeling weak and exhausted.
4)having a glorious time.
14. The reason for the author’s participation in the marathon was the fact that he
1)was fascinated by it.
2)lived not far from its finishing line.
3)wanted to receive a medal.
4)wanted to do something incredible.
15. “By the end I did” means that the author
1)found the distance suitable.
2)found the distance challenging.
3)decided to take part in the marathon.
4)eventually took a train to the finish.
16. According to the author, the London Marathon is one of the easiest because
1)it goes through the Tower of London.
2)there are quiet patches without crowds.
3)many “fun” runners participate in it.
4)its course does not slope up or down.
17. “… the greatest field ever for a marathon” means that the marathon
1)will take place on a big field.
2)is to be run by the famous runners only.
3)will be witnessed by more people.
4)will welcome a huge number of sportsmen.
18. According to the author, one should run the London Marathon to
1)raise money for charity.
2)get some training.
4)have fun in a crazy way.
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Although many countries are saddled with stereotypes, in Switzerland’s case they’re dead on.
The alpine nation really is highly efficient. And meticulously punctual. Clean, too. For chronically tardy, resolutely inefficient (not to mention slovenly) people like myself, a visit to Switzerland yields a cocktail of emotions: awe, relief and a dash of irritation.
For the Swiss, punctuality is not merely a nicety, a bonbon in the buffet of life. It is a source of deep contentment. The Swiss, it seems, subscribe to the German philosopher Schopenhauer’s definition of happiness as “an absence of misery”. They derive genuine joy from the fact that life unfolds on time and in a highly efficient manner.
Whenever I visit Switzerland, I go through several stages of punctuality reaction. At first it delights me, especially if I’m coming from neighbouring Italy or France with their rather more flexible approach to timekeeping. By contrast, life in Switzerland is sturdy and dependable, like a Saint Bernard dog. If someone says they will meet me at 2 pm, they arrive at 2 pm not 2:05 (or 1:55, for that matter). I like this. For a while. Then it annoys me. The extreme punctuality strikes me as a kind of stinginess, and I find myself agreeing with the English writer Evelyn Waugh who said that “punctuality is the virtue of the bored.” That is unfair though, and finally, invariably, I come to appreciate Swiss punctuality for what it is: a deep expression of respect for other people. A punctual person is a considerate one. By showing up on time – for everything – a Swiss person is saying, in effect, “I value your time and, by extension, I value you.”
It’s no coincidence that the Swiss are the world’s watchmakers. Which came first – the precise timekeepers or the precise people? Hard to say, but the result is the same: a nation where the trains – and everything else – really do run on time. Then there are the toilets. “Have you seen our public toilets?” asked Dieter, a Swiss doctor, over an afternoon beer in Geneva. “They are very clean.” He’s right. Swiss toilets are indeed clean, as is everything else too. In some countries it would be suicidal to drink the tap water. In Switzerland it is fashionable to do so; the water comes from natural springs.
How to explain this cleanliness and punctuality? No one knows for sure. But a popular theory is that, historically, it stems from the unforgiving, mountainous terrain. Either you planted your crops on time and harvested them promptly or, well, you starved.
Punctuality, sadly, is a dying art in many parts of the world. Mobile phones are partly to blame. We feel less compelled to arrive on time if we can always text to say we’re running a few minutes late. I don’t sense that is happening in Switzerland, though.
Susan Jane Gilman, an American author who has lived in Geneva for the past 11 years, recounted with awe how she’s “never had a taxi that arrived late, that wasn’t there exactly when it said it would be”. She marvelled at how, for instance, when she’s ordered a new refrigerator, the company gives her a precise two-hour window for delivery – and sticks to it.
Switzerland has changed her. Once a “chronically late person”, Gilman is now meticulously punctual. “I feel a greater respect for people’s time,” she said, sounding very Swiss.
The flip side, though, is that when she visits New York, her hometown, she is annoyed by the relative lack of punctuality: the bus that is 15 minutes behind schedule or doesn’t show up at all, the friends who saunter into a restaurant 30 minutes late. “My friends will say ‘Suze hon, this isn’t Switzerland, relax. They’ll hold our table.’ but I get annoyed if people are late.”
Punctuality is not without its drawbacks. For one thing, it creates a kind of bunching effect. Coffee shops in Swiss cities tend to be crowded at 4pm every day because everybody takes their coffee break at exactly 4pm. In apartment buildings, residents must abide by a strict weekday schedule for use of the laundry room.
Extreme punctuality also creates an expectation, and if that expectation is not met, disappointment ensues. On those rare occasions that things do not function smoothly, the Swiss get flustered – and angry. Recently, the country was thrown into a tizzy with the disturbing news that only 87.5% of the trains run by the federal railroad arrived within three minutes of their scheduled time, shy of their 89% target.
But perhaps that frustration has some merit. After all, Switzerland has some fierce competition when it comes to punctuality. In Japan, the Shinkansen bullet trains make the Swiss railroads look downright tardy. The average annual delay? Thirty six seconds.
12. What does the word “tardy” from the 1 st paragraph mean?
13. What is true about how the Swiss treat punctuality?
14. What stage of punctuality reaction is not mentioned in the text?
15. What is the reason for Swiss punctuality, according to one theory mentioned in the text?
16. What disadvantage does punctuality cause to Susan?
17. What is the drawback of being punctual mentioned in the text?
18. What is the tone of the last paragraph?
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First Train Trip
I must have been about eight when I made my first train trip. I think I was in second grade at that time. It was midsummer, hot and wet in central Kansas, and time for my aunt Winnie’s annual vacation from the store, where she worked as a clerk six days a week. She invited me to join her on a trip to Pittsburgh, fifty miles away, to see her sister, my aunt Alice. «Sally, would you like to go there by train or by car?» asked aunt Winnie. «Oh, please, by train, aunt Winnie, dear! We’ve been there by car three times already!»
Alice was one of my favourite relatives and I was delighted to be invited to her house. As I was the youngest niece in Mother’s big family, the aunties all tended to spoil me and Alice was no exception. She kept a boarding house for college students, a two-storey, brown brick building with comfortable, nicely decorated rooms at the corner of 1200 Kearney Avenue. She was also a world-class cook, which kept her boarding house full of young people. It seemed to me that their life was so exciting and joyful.
Since I’d never ridden a train before, I became more and more excited as the magic day drew near. I kept questioning Mother about train travel, but she just said, «Wait. You’ll see.» For an eight-year-old, waiting was really difficult, but finally the big day arrived. Mother had helped me pack the night before, and my little suitcase was full with summer sundresses, shorts and blouses, underwear and pyjamas. I was reading Billy Whiskers, a fantastic story about a goat that once made a train trip to New York, and I had put that in as well. It was almost midnight when I could go to bed at last.
We arrived at the station early, purchased our tickets and found our car. I was fascinated by the face-to-face seats so some passengers could ride backwards. Why would anyone, I thought, want to see where they’d been? I only wanted to see what lay ahead for me.
Finally, the conductor shouted, «All aboard!» to the people on the platform. They climbed into the cars, the engineer blew the whistle and clanged the bell, and we pulled out of the station.
This train stopped at every town between my home in Solomon and Pittsburgh. It was known as the «milk train» because at one time it had delivered goods as well as passengers to these villages. I looked eagerly at the signs at each station. I’d been through all these towns by car, but this was different. The shaky ride of the coaches, the soft brown plush seats, the smells of the engine drifting back down the track and in through the open windows made this trip far more exotic.
The conductor, with his black uniform and shiny hat, the twinkling signals that told the engineer when to stop and go, thrilled me. To an adult, the trip must have seemed painfully slow, but I enjoyed every minute.
Aunt Winnie had packed a lunch for us to eat along the way as there was no dining car in the train. I was dying to know just what was in that big shopping bag she carried, but she, too, said, «Wait. You’ll see.» Midway, Aunt Winnie pulled down her shopping bag from the luggage rack above our seats. My eyes widened as she opened it and began to take out its contents. I had expected lunchmeat sandwiches, but instead there was a container of fried chicken, two hardboiled eggs, bread and butter wrapped in waxed paper, crisp radishes and slim green onions from Winnie’s garden, as well as rosy sliced tomatoes. She had brought paper plates, paper cups and some of the «everyday» silverware. A large bottle of cold tea was well wrapped in a dishtowel; the ice had melted, but it was still chilly. I cautiously balanced my plate on my knees and ate, wiping my lips and fingers with a large paper napkin. This was living!
When we had cleaned our plates, Aunt Winnie looked into the bag one more time. The best treat of all appeared ⎯ homemade chocolate cakes! Another cup of cold tea washed these down and then we carefully returned the remains of the food and silverware to the bag, which Aunt Winnie put into the corner by her feet.
«Almost there,» said my aunt, looking out of the window at the scenery passing by. And sure enough, as we pulled into the Pittsburgh station we immediately caught sight of aunt Alice, waiting for us, a smile like the sun lighting up her face, arms wide open. We got off the train and she led us past the taxi rank and the bus stop to her car that was parked near the station. And all the way to her home she was asking about my impressions of my first train trip and I could hardly find the words to express all the thrill and excitement that filled me.
12. The first time Sally travelled by train was when she1) had to move to her aunt Alice.
2)had a summer vacation at school.
3)went to Pittsburgh for the first time in her life.
4)visited her aunt Alice together with aunt Winnie.
13. Aunt Alice made her living by
1)working as a cook.
2)keeping a boarding house.
4)working as a teacher at college.
14. Sally was waiting for her first train trip so impatiently that she
1)packed her things long before the trip.
2)lost her appetite a week before the trip.
3)asked her Mother many questions about train trips.
4)couldn’t sleep the night before the trip.
15. Sally didn’t like the idea of riding backwards because
1)it could make her sick.
2)she could miss her station.
3)she could miss the conductor.
4)she wanted to see where she was going.
16. The trip to Pittsburgh by train seemed so exotic to Sally because
1)she had never travelled so far from her native town.
2) travelling by train was very different from a car ride.
3)she had never travelled in comfort.
4)she had never travelled without her parents.
17. Sally thought that at lunchtime they would have
2)bread and butter with coffee.
3)fried chicken, eggs and vegetables.
4)tea with chocolate cakes.
18.Aunt Alice was waiting for Sally and aunt Winnie
3)on the platform.
4)at the bus stop.
Прочитайте текст и выполните задания 12–18. Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.
Chronic lack of sleep affects one in three British workers
One in three British workers suffers from poor sleep, research shows, with stress, computers and taking work home blamed for the lack of quality sleep. Some employees get fewer than five hours sleep a night, only one in seven feels completely refreshed when they wake and more women have poor shut-eye than men. The alarming findings emerged from a study of self-assessments completed by 38,784 staff working in the UK for firms such as telecoms firm, O2, drugs developer, Quintiles and medical technology manufacturer, Medtronic.
A third was dissatisfied with the amount and quality of their sleep, with 8.4% saying they were «very unhappy» with it, and another 24.4% describing themselves as «unhappy». When asked how they felt 30 minutes after getting up, only 15.5% said «refreshed». Of the others, 3.3% said they were «exhausted», 24% said «unrefreshed» and 57.2% were still «a little tired».
While experts say that everyone should ideally get seven to eight hours sleep a night, only 38.5% of the 38,784 respondents did so. More had between five and seven hours (45%), only a lucky 10% reported sleeping for eight to nine hours and one in 100 enjoyed more than nine hours.
When researchers combined those results to give each respondent an overall «sleep score» out of 100, some 33.8% got a mark of less than 30 — the lowest category. That means someone either has, or is at high risk of developing, a sleeping problem. «This research is telling us that a large number of working adults, one in three in the UK, has a sleeping problem,» said Dr Tony Massey, medical director of Vielife, the health and productivity firm that carried out the assessments between 2009 and 2011. «A very concerning number of British workers get too little sleep.» Britain is near the top of an international league table for lack of sleep. A Vielife study of 116,452 staff in America found that 23.4% scored poorly for sleep.
The extent of inadequate rest has prompted fears that many people are too tired to do their jobs properly, with some so sleep-deprived their brains are as confused as if they had consumed too much alcohol.
«Too few people practice sleep hygiene,» said Massey. «That involves little things that people can do without professional help, like ensuring your room is dark and quiet, getting to bed at the same time every night — just like a two-year-old — reading a book, which is a proven relaxant, and not looking at bright screens, such as the TV or computer, for an hour before you go to bed as that will disturb your sleep.»
The growing tendency for employees to do extra work in the evenings and at weekends, which may have risen in the recession, also seems to be linked to poor sleep. «More people are scrunching the golden hour before they go to sleep, and they are paying the price in that their sleep isn’t refreshing and they end up in a vicious cycle of fatigue, poor productivity and then feeling that they have to do the same again the next day to compensate,» said Massey.
The best guarantee of good quality shut-eye is to work five days a week and sleep seven to eight hours a night. Five-days-a-week staff had the best sleep score, while those getting seven to eight hours a night scored 72.7.
«These are very worrying findings because lack of sleep is a risk factor for a whole range of serious health problems, such as stroke and heart disease,» said Massey.
12. Which of the following is mentioned among the reasons for poorer sleep?
1) work for telecom firms
2) consumption of drugs
3) work done at home
4) lack of communication
13. According to the research, just about … percent of people have the recommended number of sleeping hours.
14. Paragraph 4 stresses that …
1) the “sleep score” in Britain is relatively low.
2) many people in Britain are unaware of sleeping disorders.
3) he number of Britons who don’t get enough sleep is alarming.
4) British workers get more sleep than American ones.
15. The inadequate nighttime rest of employees might result in …
2) inefficiency at work
3) lack of job satisfaction
4) problems with alcohol
16. What does “sleep hygiene” NOT involve?
1) professional help
2) a darkened room
3) a relaxing book
4) regular bedtime
17. The phrase “vicious cycle” in paragraph 7 means …
1) a sudden ware of tiredness
2) a course of everyday events
3) a large amount of extra work
4) a repetitive cycle of poor sleep consequences
18. What, according to the article, is important for good quality sleep?
Школьный этап всероссийской олимпиады по английскому.
Task 1
Task 2
READING
Time: 45 minutes (40 scores)
Task 1
Duncan Phyfe
Task 2
Ever since the 1910s, when film-makers first set up shops in Hollywood, mapmakers have been making quite unusual and even unique things: maps showing the locations of the fabulous homes of the star s. Collectively, they form an unofficial version of the Oscars, showing who’s in and who’s out in the film world. ‘Each one looks different,’ says Linda Welton, whose grandfather and mother pioneered these maps. 11 ________. Former film stars vanish from them, new ones appear on them, and some of the truly greats are permanent fixtures on them.
In 1933, noticing the steady stream of tourists going westward to follow the stars from Hollywood to Beverly Hills (the nearby district where most of the stars went to live), Linda’s grandfather, Wesley Lake, got a copyright for his Guide to Starland: Estates and Mansions. 12 ________. For 40 years Linda’s mother, Vivienne, sold maps just down the road from Cary Cooper’s place at 200, Baroda*. The asterisk indicates that it was the actor’s final home, as opposed to a plus sign (denoting an ex-home) or a zero (for no view from the street).
‘My grandfather asked Mom to talk to the gardeners to find out where the stars lived,’ Linda recalls. ‘She would come up to them and say: “ 13 ________” Who would suspect a little girl?’ Linda Welton and her team now sell about 10,000 maps a year from a folding chair parked curbside six days a week. 14 ________.
The evolution of the maps mirrors both the Hollywood publicity machine and real estate and tourism development. 15 ________. The first celebrity home belonged to the artist Paul de Longpre. 16 ________.
Although it is not known for certain who published the first map, by the mid-1920s all sorts of people were producing them. 17 ________.
One of the most famous of the early maps was produced to show the location of Pickfair, the home of the newly married stars Mary Pickford and Douglas Fairbanks, and the homes of some of their star friends. During World War I, they opened their home to serve refreshments to soldiers. As Vivienne Welton once explained in an interview, to a map and cartography magazine, ‘She asked a few friends to do the same. 18 ________.’
For over 40 years, people have marched toward the corner of Sunset and Baroda with hand-painted yellow signs saying: ‘Star Maps, 2 blocks’, ‘Star Maps, 1 block’, ‘Star Maps here’. The maps reflect the shifting geography of stardom as celebrities, looking for escape from over-enthusiastic fans, some with quite unhealthy intentions, have moved out to various districts in Malibu. 19 ________. Legendary stars – Garbo, Monroe, Chaplin – remain on them. 20 ________.
USE OF ENGLISH
Time: 60 minutes, (50 scores)
Task 1. Questions 1–15
| 0 | V |
| 00 | far |
The Plaza hotel
| 0 | The Plaza is situated close to the centre of town and only |
| 00 | 20 minutes’ drive far from the airport. There are 605 guest |
| 1 | rooms providing a luxurious accommodation for tourists |
| 2 | and business people alike. Each room it is equipped with |
| 3 | a colour television, a mini bar and an individually-controlled |
| 4 | air conditioning. Guests have the choice of five superb |
| 5 | restaurants. Why not to sample local specialities in the Bistro |
| 6 | on the ground floor or enjoy yourself the finest international |
| 7 | cuisine in the fabulous Starlight Room with its panoramic |
| 8 | view of the city? There is a wide range of facilities for |
| 9 | relaxation and enjoyment including of a swimming pool, |
| 10 | health club, beauty salon and karaoke bar. In addition, |
| 11 | our modern conference centre which has been |
| 12 | designed to meet all your business needs. Why should you not stay |
| 13 | elsewhere when you can be sure of a warm welcome |
| 14 | and excellent service at the Plaza? For reservations |
| 15 | and information please to call 010 534 766 (24 hours). |
Task 2. Questions 16–25
Example: 0 . The pool isn’t deep enough to swim in.
too
The pool ……………………. swim in.
dollar
Laura had to pay …………………… because she didn’t have a ticket.
live
The concert didn’t ……….. our expectations.
round
I haven’t ………… my emails yet, but I’ll do it soon.
feel
It’s nearly lunchtime, so do ……………………………… something to eat?
most
They ………………… of the day-off at work and went to the seaside!
enquiries
Two detectives ……………….. the robbery questioned us for over an hour.
got
It was Jake ………… in collecting pottery.
desperate
He ………………………. the interviewers a good impression.
prevented
His ……….…. in the next game.
Task 3. Questions 26–30
| Informal English | Neutral Equivalents |
| 26. Oh well, don’t let it get you down | A) to borrow sth for a short time |
| 27. I wish you’d stop going on about it for hours on end. | B) to change one’s mind |
| 28. It really bugs me when people don’t return my pen after they’ve borrowed it. | C) to fool sb |
| 29. My bicycle’s been nicked | D) to annoy sb |
| 30. He flipped his lid | E) to upset sb |
| F) to steal sth | |
| G) to argue | |
| H) to lose one’s temper | |
| I) to speak steadily | |
| J) to surprise sb |
Task 4. Questions 31–40
WRITING
Time : 60 minutes, (30 scores)
Comment on the following quotation.
“All that glisters is not gold.”
Use the following plan:
Audioscript
Listening comprehension
For items 1–10 listen to a passage from a lecture and decide whether the statements (1–10) are TRUE (a), or FALSE (b) according to the text you hear. You will hear the text twice.
You have 20 seconds to study the statements.
(pause 20 seconds)
Now we begin.
Some time ago, I was in a bicycle shop looking for a new lock for my bicycle. The shopkeeper showed me several, patiently explaining their advantages and disadvantages. None of them was quite what I wanted and eventually I said to the shopkeeper, “I’ll think about it. Thanks very much”, and left the shop. Why did I say, “I’ll think about it”? Not something more straightforward like, “None of these is right”, “They’re too big”, “They are too small”, “They’re too expensive”, “I’ll go elsewhere”? I think, there are two reasons why I chose to say “I’ll think about it”. The first is that I didn’t want the shopkeeper to feel that his products were not valued or that his time had been wasted and second is that I didn’t want to be the object of his possible annoyance or irritation. In other words, I didn’t want him to feel bad. And I didn’t want me to feel bad. We have words for this general behavior pattern of not wanting ourselves or other people to feel bad as a result of the interactions that we have… have with other people. We talk about tact, which is defined in the Collins Concise Dictionary as ‘the sense of what is fitting and considerate in dealing with others so as to avoid giving offence’, or we might equally call this, as many people do, politeness behaviour. Now notice that the definition of tact talks about avoiding giving offence. It is not talking about something positive that we do in order to make people feel better than they otherwise would. So, here we are not talking about the kind of behaviour we get into when, for example, we console a friend whose cat has just been run over or compliment our partner on a very well-cooked meal. We are not trying here to positively make people feel better, but trying to avoid them feeling bad. So, this is a negative kind of behaviour that I’m talking about. But the fact that it’s negative doesn’t mean that it’s not terribly important. It is extremely important. It is essential to our self-preservation and to social cohesion. And for this reason avoidance behaviour is of great interest to many different kinds of scholars.
(pause 20 seconds)
Now listen to the text again.
You have 20 seconds to check your answers.
(pause 20 seconds)
(pause 25 seconds)
A Lonely Job
Jane : Wherever have you been, Patrick? I haven’t seen you for months. Someone said you’d emigrated.
Patrick : Whoever told you that? I’ve been working on a weather research station on the Isle of Collett.
Jane : Where on earth is that?
Patrick : It’s a lump of rock about 100 miles north-west of Ireland.
Jane : Whatever did you do to pass the time?
Patrick : Fortunately I had my university thesis to work on. If I hadn’t had a pile of work to do, I’d have gone off my head.
Jane : Was there anything else to do?
Patrick : Well, if you were a bird watcher, it would be a paradise; but whenever I got tired of studying, I could only walk round the island – and that took me less than twenty minutes.
Jane : However did you stand it? If I’d been in your shoes I’d have taken the first boat back to civilization.
Patrick : Well, I needed some information for my research there, and they paid me, so I saved some money. Now I can have a short holiday before I start looking for a job.
Jane : Have you finished your PhD already? I thought you had another year to do.
Patrick : No, time flies, you know. As long as they don’t reject my thesis, I’ll be leaving for London next week.
Jane : If I were you, I’d go off to the Mediterranean or somewhere before starting work.
Patrick : No thanks, I’ll stay in London. I’ve had enough of the sea for a while. This is the end of the listening comprehension part. You have 1 minute to complete your answer.
Use of English
Подсчёт баллов за все конкурсы
Listening – максимальное количество баллов 30. Задание проверяется по ключам. Каждый правильный ответ оценивается в 1 балл. За неверный ответ или отсутствие ответа выставляется 0 баллов. Затем полученное количество баллов умножается на два.
Reading – максимальное количество баллов 40. Задание проверяется по ключам. Каждый правильный ответ оценивается в 1 балл. За неверный ответ или отсутствие ответа выставляется 0 баллов. Затем полученное количество баллов умножается на два.
Use of English – максимальное количество баллов 50. Задание проверяется по ключам. В заданиях 1, 3, 4 каждый правильный ответ оценивается в 1 балл. За неверный ответ или отсутствие ответа выставляется 0 баллов. В задании 1 орфография не учитывается. В задании 2 каждый правильный ответ оценивается в 2 балла. За неверный ответ или отсутствие ответа выставляется 0 баллов. Орфография учитывается. Если дан грамматически правильный ответ, но в ответе допущены орфографические ошибки, ответ оценивается в 1 балл.
Writing – максимальное количество баллов 30. Задание оценивается по Критериям оценивания. Затем полученное количество баллов умножается на два. При подведении итогов баллы за все конкурсы суммируются. Максимальное количество баллов за все конкурсы – 30 + 40+ 50 +30 = 150.
Школьный этап Всероссийской олимпиады школьников по английскому языку
Listen to the text «The Lake District» and say which sentences are true (T), false(F) or not mentioned (N) in it.
The Lake District lies on the northwest side of the Pennine system marked off from it by the upper valleys of the Eden and the Lune rivers.
The Lake District is the official name of the region.
The high parts of the District are used for growing crops and sheeping.
The Lake Country is full of small streams and waterfalls, which make the region attractive and beautiful in nature.
Usually the rainfall is little; however, it is not true for the snowfall.
Some of the areas are industrial, specializing in engineering and farming.
The Lake District is associated with the English architects and painters.
Listen to the first part of the text about England and complete the statements in the right way.
1. England comprises the central and southern ___________of the island of Great Britain.
2. England is closer to Europe than any other part of Britain, divided from France only by a __________km sea gap.
3. Most of England is covered by hills, but the area is more mountainous in the north with a chain of the Pennines (the «backbone» of England), dividing _____________.
a) east and west
b) east and south
c) east and north
d) east and northwest
5. England is driest in the _____________ and warmest in the south.
6. England»s economy is the second largest economy in Europe and the ______________ largest economy in the world with a hundred largest European corporations based in London.
During the baking hot months of the summer holidays my mother and I used to escape to one of the scattered lakes north of Prince Albert. In its magic surroundings we used to spend the long summer days in the open air, swimming and canoeing or just lying dreaming in the sun. In the evening the lake was always a bright, luminous grey after the unbelievable sunset colors had faded.
The last summer before we returned to England was particularly enchanted. For one thing, I was in love for the first time. No one will ever convince me that one cannot be in love at fifteen. I loved then as never since, with all my heart and without doubts or reservations or pretence.
My boyfriend Don worked in Saskatoon, but the lake was «»his place»» – the strange and beautiful wilderness drew him with an obsessive urgency, so I suspected it was not to see me that he got on his motor-cycle as many Fridays as he possibly could, and drove three hundred-odd miles along the pitted prairie roads to spend the weekends at our place.
Sometimes he couldn»t come, and the joy would go out of everything until Monday, when I could start looking forward to Friday again. He could never let us know in advance, as we were too far from civilization to have a phone or even a telegraph service. Three hundred miles in those conditions is quite a journey. Besides, Don was hard up, and sometimes worked overtime at weekends.
One Friday night a storm broke out. I lay in bed and listened to the thunder and the rain beating on the roof. Once I got up and stood looking out over the treetops, shivering. I tried not to expect Don that night hoping he would have enough sense to wait until the storm ended. Yet in my frightened thoughts I couldn»t help imagining Don fighting the storm. His motorbike, which had always looked to me so heavy and solid, seemed in my thoughts frail enough to be blown onto its side by the first gust that struck it. I thought of Don pinned under it, his face pressed into the mud.
I crawled back into bed, trying to close my throat against the tears. But when my mother, prompted by the deep sympathy and understanding between us, came in to me, she kissed my cheek and found it wet.
«Don»t get upset, Jane,»» she said softly. «»He may still come.»»
When she had tucked me in and gone, I lay thinking about Don, about the danger of the roads. You couldn»t ride or walk along them safely after heavy rain; your feet would slip from under you. The roads in Northern Canada are not like the friendly well-populated English ones, where there are always farmhouses within walking distance and cars driving along them day and night.
It was hours later, that I suddenly realized the sound of the roaring engine were real. The storm was dying.
1. Every summer Jane used to spend
2. The last summer was particularly fascinating for Jane because she
spent it in the magic surroundings.
had a lot of fun in the open air.
enjoyed unbelievable sunsets by the lake.
fell in love for the first time.
a sincere deep feeling.
associated with doubts.
full of reservations.
connected with pretence.
4. Don traveled three hundred-odd miles every weekend because he was
A. desperate to see the author before she left.
B. fond of riding his motorcycle.
C. attracted by the beauty of the lake.
D. fond of spending weekends with his friends.
5. Sometimes Don didn»t come to see Jane and her mother on Friday because he
A. thought they were too far from civilization.
B. had given up hope of seeing the author.
C. worked to make some extra money.
D. hated traveling in exhausting conditions.
6. Mother came into Jane»s room during the storm because she
A. felt Jane was afraid of the thunder.
B. felt Jane was worried about Don.
C. heard Jane walking in the room.
D. heard Jane crying in her bed.
7. According to the author the roads in Northern Canada were
Choose from the sentences A-H the one which fits each gap (8-14). There is one extra sentence which you do not need to use.
I lived in Port Stewart, one of the small villages on the coast. I rented a small room at the top of an old damp two-storey Victorian terrace house. The house was the last one in the terrace and from its window I could look out on the grey, ever-restless ocean.
8 __________ The weather in that part of the North of Ireland was never the kindest, though when the summer came the landscape around us, the easy access to Donegal and to the remoter parts of the North gave the area its own particular delight.
An old retired couple who owned the house lived in two rooms on the ground floor. 9 _______His bent figure would brave even Port Stewart’s weather as he walked along the sea front.
I never saw the old man at any other time apart from these walks. 10 _________His wife, his second, would sit quietly in the kitchen beside the fire constantly knitting and offering us cups of tea as we came in from the pub or back from studying. She never bothered us much, was always friendly and enjoyed a cup of tea with those of us who would sit and chat with her.
11_________ We were not surprised, aware even then that age can be cruel. But what moved me most was his rapid worsening, the fact that I never again saw him walking bent double against the wind, and the sight of his walking stick always lying in the hall. It became a strange kind of symbol.
12 _________ The fact that we were only aware of this old man»s illness through his rasping cough and his wife»s nursing him gave the house an air of heavy sadness.
One evening, I came in from the cold and went I straight to the kitchen to heat myself at the fire. Mrs. Paul sat alone. There was a silence I couldn»t understand. I recall now that her knitting needles were for once not in evidence. 13 ________ Her face was very still.
It took her some time to acknowledge me coming into the room. 14 ________ She looked up slowly and I remember her old, lined but still quite beautiful face as she said calmly and without emotion: ‘My husband is dead’.
Mr. Paul became ill very suddenly.
‘Would you like a cup of tea?’ I asked.
Mr. Paul was in his eighties and I remember him going for his nightly walk accompanied by his walking stick and a small dog.
Late into the night I could hear him coughing.
However, I could not believe what had happened.
I can still remember the view from the window and the constant changes in the sea.
I heard him occasionally in his own room.
Neither was there any steam coming out of the old kettle normally kept hot by the fire.
Read this article and decide whether statements 15-25 are true or false according to the text.
In 1608 an Englishman whose name was Thomas Coryate visited Italy. He liked the country and noted down every interesting thing he found. But there was one thing which he found more interesting than the others. In his diary Thomas wrote, ‘When the Italians eat meat, they use small forks. They do not eat with hands because, as they say, people do not always have clean hands.’
Before leaving for England, Thomas Coryate bought a few forks.
At home Thomas gave a dinner party to show the invention to his friends. When the servant brought the steak, he took out a fork and began to eat like they did in Italy.
Everybody looked at him in surprise. When he told his friends what it was, they all wanted to take a good look at the strange thing. All his friends said that the Italians were very strange people because the fork was very inconvenient.
Thomas Coryate tried to prove the opposite. He said it was not nice to eat meat with one’s fingers because they were not always clean.
Everybody got angry at that. Did Mr Coryate think that people in England always had dirty hands? And weren’t the ten fingers they had enough for them?
Thomas Coryate wanted to show that it was very easy to use the fork. But the first piece of meat he took with the fork fell to the floor. His friends began to laugh and he had to take the fork away.
Only fifty years later did people in England begin to use forks.
Thomas Coryate brought forks to England because he believed it was not nice to eat meat with fingers.
Thomas Coryate wanted to make his friends surprised so he brought forks.
Thomas Coryate wanted to make business selling forks.
Eeverybody looked at Thomas when he began to eat like the Italians because nobody had seen a fork before.
Nobody ate meat with hands in England.
Coryate’s friends didn’t pay any attention to the forks
The first piece of meat fell to the floor when Thomas took it with the fork because he had not used to eating with a fork.
The steak was too tough so it fell down.
People in England began to use forks in 1658
People in England don’t use forks nowadays.
For questions 1–10, read the text below and decide which answer (A, B, C or D)
Gender gap in education
Another factor could be that boys are generally more 9 ________ than girls. When they can’t be the best, they would rather 10_____ up education than be considered average. Girls seem much happier to be second best.
Choose the right option from a), b), c), d)
1. I. glasses since I was a child.
a) wear, b) wore, c) am wearing, d) have been wearing.
2. When the phone rang, I. dinner.
a) cook, b) was cooking, c) had been cooking, d) have been cooking.
a) had he, b) hadn»t he, c) did he, d) didn»t he.
a) hard, b) hardly, c) good, d) badly.
a) of, b) to, c) from, d) about.
a) other, b) others, c) the others, d) another.
a) some, b) many, c) much, d) none.
a) are you doing, b) were you doing, c) will you do, d) you are doing.
a) few, b) a few, c) fewer, d) less.
Read the extract from the text and complete the sentences with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets.
When Mr. Hiram B. Otis, the American Minister, 1____________ (decide) to buy Canterville Chase, everyone 2____________ (tell) him that it 3___________ (be) a foolish thing to do. There 4__________ (be) no doubt that a ghost 5___________ (live) in the house. Indeed, Lord Canterville himself 6__________ (mention) the feat to Mr. Otis when they 7____________ (discuss) the sale.
‘We 8___________ (not live) in the place ourselves, 9_____________ (say) Lord Canterville, ‘since the day when my grand-aunt 10____________ (frighten) by the ghost. It 11_____________ (happen) many years ago. My grand-aunt 12_____________ (dress) for dinner when she suddenly 13____________ (feel) two skeleton hands being placed on her shoulders. The fright 14_____________ (make) her very ill and she never really recovered.’
‘I 15____________ (not believe) in ghosts,’ 16______________ (say) Mr. Otis.
Express your opinion on the following problem :
It is no wonder that the Internet has become one of the most important things of our everyday life. It suggests a lot of social projects like “Odnoklassniki”, “In the Contact”, “Facebook”, etc.
“ What are the advantages and drawbacks of such type of communication and the way of making friends?”
Make an introduction,
Express your personal opinion on the problem and give reasons for your opinion,
Make a conclusion.
Transfer your answers to the answer sheet!
SECTION 1. LISTENING
SECTION 3 . USE OF ENGLISH Task 2
You can use the opposite side
1-True, 2- Not stated, 3-False, 4-Not stated, 5- False, 6- True, 7-False
1-B, 2-C, 3-A, 4-D, 5-B, 6-A
15- T, 16- T, 17- F, 18- T, 19- F, 20- F, 21-T, 22-F, 23-T, 24- F
SECTION 3. USE OF ENGLISH
1- d, 2- b, 3- d, 4- a, 5- a, 6- c, 7- d, 8-b, 9- d, 10-c.
1. decided; 2. told; 3.was; 4. was; 5.lived; 6. mentioned/had mentioned; 7. were discussing; 8. haven’t lived; 9. said; 10. was frightened; 11. happened; 12. was dressing; 13. felt; 14. made; 15. don’t believe; 16. said.
SECTION 4. WRITING
Центр развития талантов «Мега-Талант» предлагает принять участие во всероссийской олимпиаде по английскому языку. Миссия ЦРТ «Мега-Талант» — раскрыть способности к познанию и обучению. Наши образовательные мероприятия помогают ученикам и студентам в учебе и личностном развитии.
ЦРТ «Мега-Талант» это:
Двигаясь навстречу учителю
Мы стремимся к тому, чтобы сокращать трудности и разрушать препятствия! Именно поэтому в организации и проведении олимпиады мы упростили все до 5 простых шагов.
Дистанционные всероссийские и международные олимпиады от ЦРТ «Мега-Талант» по английскому языку
Дистанционный формат имеет множество преимуществ. Учитель может провести олимпиаду на базе своего учебного заведения, обеспечив тем самым максимальный комфорт для участников. Такая «домашняя» обстановка позволяет ученикам и студентам полностью сосредоточиться на заданиях олимпиады.
Все задания базируются на школьной программе, а сама олимпиада придерживается высоких стандартов ФГОС. Такое мероприятие — отличная возможность проявить себя как для учителя, так и для ученика.
Для каждого класса подобран свой комплект заданий из 15 вопросов. Среди них:
Стоимость участия в олимпиаде по английскому языку
Оргвзнос устанавливается отдельно для каждой олимпиады. До 30% оргвзноса возвращаются учителю в виде компенсации на организационные расходы: печать заданий, дипломов, сертификатов и т. д. Подробнее о том, как рассчитывается сумма компенсации можно узнать во время подачи заявки.
Как часто проводятся олимпиады по английскому языку?
Как определяются результаты?
После проведения олимпиады учитель заносит ответы участников в своем личном кабинете. Система обрабатывает эти данные и определяет победителей. Вместе с этим становятся доступны все наградные материалы: дипломы победителей, сертификаты участников, а также соответствующее свидетельство для учителя.
Как организовать олимпиаду для своих школьников или студентов?
Как оплатить оргвзнос?
Мы позаботились о том, чтобы у вас была возможность воспользоваться удобным для себя методом оплаты.
Все это может быть использовано для оплаты оргвзноса.
Участие в олимпиаде для жителей СНГ и ближнего зарубежья