2000s how to pronounce

How to read dates after 2000 in English?

How are the years read in English?

How to read dates and numbers in English?

How to name dates in English

How to read year 1700 in English?

1700 is the one thousand seven hundredth number.

How do you say the day of the month in English?

How to read 1600 in English?

Pronunciation of times

How to read large numbers in English correctly?

Large numbers in English are written, as in Russian:

How to read numbers in English correctly?

Reading two-digit numbers

First you need to name tens (this is the first number), and then ones. For example, the number 76 reads “seventy-six” (not “seven-six” or “seven-sixty”).

How to read 2020 in English?

The number 2020 in words

2020 is the two thousand and twentieth number.

How to write dates in English?

How to write dates

How to write dates in English at school?

According to the rules of British English, the date is written first, then the month and year. For a complete record of the number, ordinal numbers with the article the are used. There can also be the preposition of between the date and the month. The first day of the month is often written in letters.

How is the date written according to the guest?

As for the specific rules for setting the date, GOST R 7.0.97-2016 provides for a variety of methods. So, the date of the document is written in the sequence: day of the month, month, year in one of the following ways: in Arabic numerals, separated by a dot (05.02.2020/5/2020); verbally (February XNUMX, XNUMX).

How does 1800 read in Russian?

In other languages:

How to pronounce 1000 in English?

The word «thousand» in English sounds like «thousand». When pronouncing it, as a rule, there are no difficulties. In order to pronounce it correctly, use the transcription [ˈθaʊz (ə) nd].

How do you read 2000 in Russian?

About Words – Cambridge Dictionary blog

Commenting on developments in the English language

1066 and all that: How to say years

Being able to name a year is a pretty basic English skill, but there are a few things that can make it complicated, and there are a number of differences between British and American English.

Let’s start with the (relatively) easy ones. For years like 1345, 1682 or 1961, we say the first two and the second two digits as if they were single numbers: thirteen forty-five; sixteen eighty-two; nineteen sixty-one.

If the third digit is zero, there are two possible ways of saying the year:

1407: fourteen oh seven or fourteen hundred and seven

1901: nineteen oh one or nineteen hundred and one

However, the second way is less common and may sound slightly old-fashioned, especially in American English.

For years ending with two zeros, the convention is:

1500: fifteen hundred

And for those ending with three zeros:

1000: (the year) one thousand

(We often add ‘the year’ at the beginning to make it clear that we are naming a year, since ‘one thousand’ could be used in many other contexts.)

There is an added complication with years from 2000 onwards. We always say (the year) two thousand, but for years after that, there are two possibilities, which depend on whether you are speaking British or American English:

2003: twenty oh three (British and American) or two thousand and three (British)/two thousand three (American)

2012: twenty twelve (British and American) or two thousand and twelve (British)/two thousand twelve (American). (The 2012 Olympics, which were held in London, are always referred to as the twenty twelve Olympics.)

For years before 1000, we often say the first number separately, then the last two numbers as a single number.

465: four sixty-five

In British English, we can also say: (the year) four hundred and sixty-five

For very low number years, we often specify AD (or CE – see below). AD can be placed before or after the year, though traditionalists prefer to have it before, as it would be in Latin.

15: AD fifteen or (the year) fifteen AD

In the Christian-based method of naming years, AD stands for Anno Domini (a Latin phrase meaning ‘in the year of the Lord’). The year 1 AD is said to be the year in which Jesus was born. Years before that are labelled BC (Before Christ). There is no year 0, either AD or BC.

Although the abbreviations AD and BC have been current since around 1800, many people now prefer to use CE (Common Era) and BCE (Before the Common Era), especially in academic texts. The numbering system is the same, but it avoids reference to Christianity.

Years before 1 AD/CE always have BC/BCE after them, and the higher the number, the longer ago the year:

350 BC: three fifty BC (For these, there is no need to say ‘the year’ because BC makes it clear that it is a year, though some people do so, particularly in British English.)

And as for the title of this post – well, 1066 is the most well-known year in British history – do you know why?

How To Pronounce Dates And Numbers In English

Dates
In English, we can say dates either with the day before the month, or the month before the day:
“The first of January” / “January the first“.

Remember to use ordinal numbers for dates in English.
(The first, the second, the third, the fourth, the fifth, the twenty-second, the thirty-first etc.)

Years
For years up until 2000, separate the four numbers into two pairs of two:
1965 = “nineteen sixty-five“
1871 = “eighteen seventy-one“
1999 = “nineteen ninety-nine“

For the decade 2001 – 2010, you say “two thousand and —-” when speaking British English:
2001 = “two thousand and one“
2009 = “two thousand and nine“

However, from 2010 onwards you have a choice.
For example, 2012 can be either “two thousand and twelve” or “twenty twelve“.

Large numbers
Divide the number into units of hundreds and thousands:
400,000 = “four hundred thousand” (no s plural)

If the number includes a smaller number, use “and” in British English:
450,000 = “four hundred and fifty thousand“
400,360 = “four hundred thousand and three hundred and sixty“

Fractions, ratios and percentages
½ = “one half“
1/3 = “one third“
¼ = “one quarter“
1/5 = “one fifth“
1/ 6 = “one sixth“
3/5 = “three fifths“

1.5% = “one point five percent“
0.3% = “nought / zero point three percent“

2:1 = “two to one“

Saying 0
Depending on the context, we can pronounce zero in different ways:
2-0 (football) = “Two nil“
30 – 0 (tennis) = “Thirty love“
604 7721 (phone number) = “six oh four…”
0.4 (a number) = “nought point four” or “zero point four“
0C (temperature) = “zero degrees“

Talking about calculations in English
+ (plus)
= (equals / makes)
2 + 1 = 3 (“two plus one equals / makes three“)
– (minus / take away)
5 – 3 = 2 (“five minus three equals two” / “five take away three equals two“)
x (multiplied by / times)
2 x 3 = 6 (“two multiplied by three equals six” / “two times three equals six“)
/ (divided by)
6 / 3 = 2 (“six divided by three equals two“)

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2000s how to pronounce

Response to How do you pronounce 00’s? 2009-12-24 11:53:23

At 12/24/09 11:51 AM, PikaRobo wrote: We can pronounce 90’s, 80’s, 70’s, etc. But how do you pronounce 00’s? Since those years are almost over we should get around to mentioning it.

Either «two-thousand’s» or «oh-oh’s». There aren’t many other ways to do it.

Response to How do you pronounce 00’s? 2009-12-24 11:53:39

2010-2020 will be the teens, followed by the 20’s, 30’s etc.

Response to How do you pronounce 00’s? 2009-12-24 11:54:08

fuck a century is one hundred LOL oh well its still the Jawdyn century

Response to How do you pronounce 00’s? 2009-12-24 11:55:05

The double O’s. Plain and simple

Response to How do you pronounce 00’s? 2009-12-24 11:55:54

At 12/24/09 11:51 AM, PikaRobo wrote: We can pronounce 90’s, 80’s, 70’s, etc. But how do you pronounce 00’s? Since those years are almost over we should get around to mentioning it.

Response to How do you pronounce 00’s? 2009-12-24 11:56:25

We won’t have to care after 2012 anyways.

What a good looking mirror.

Response to How do you pronounce 00’s? 2009-12-24 11:57:39

I just say the oh-ohs.

Former iron fist mod of the NG Featureless Chat from May 23, 2012 to May 4, 2014.

Response to How do you pronounce 00’s? 2009-12-24 11:59:20

At 12/24/09 11:53 AM, Orange-Jews wrote:

by the 20’s, 30’s etc.

But we already had those.

Response to How do you pronounce 00’s? 2009-12-24 12:00:03

IT’S THE NOUGHTIES, ahem

Gamertag- MarshallxDav | Steam ID- Eshneh | LastFM- MarshallNPK

Response to How do you pronounce 00’s? 2009-12-24 12:01:00

Thousands, is what I usually refer to it as.

Response to How do you pronounce 00’s? 2009-12-24 12:01:19

At 12/24/09 12:00 PM, Obvious-M wrote: IT’S THE NOUGHTIES, ahem

I think only the guys who live in Britian know this one XD

Response to How do you pronounce 00’s? 2009-12-24 12:03:31

I like calling it The Nillies. Yup the decade started with a horrible attack on a nation that felt it was safe, than this near super power went wild and decided to attack a few other countries. somewhat justified if not misdirected at times. And than the world economy went to shit. The Nillies may me a terrible name. but it sure was a a terrible decade. possibly as bad as the eighties.

2000s how to pronounce

In casual, spoken conversation it is much more common to say «the two thousands» for 00s and «tens» for 10s. These are technically incorrect but very common and most people probably wouldn’t understand «oughts».

Here’s an interesting poll I just found.

I’ve always thought of 2000-2010 as the oughts, but I’ve never used it in conversation. I’ve never had to refer to the time period for any reason.

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( 30,698 )

Pronunciation in English

How you ought properly to spell “fish” in English: “ghoti”

George Bernard Shaw

This statement does make sense. In cough, gh is pronounced [f]; in women, o gives [i]; finally, ti is [ʃ] in nation.

This example perfectly illustrates the cornerstone idea: reading and pronunciation rules in English are never simple, so even advanced learners may find themselves doubtful of how a word they do not know really sounds.

Here is the point where phonetic transcription comes into the game — this instrument was designed to show how to pronounce sounds in different words. To be seamlessly understood when speaking English, put a focus on learning pronunciation, i.e. phonetic transcription.

We will help you get through it. The text below contains principal rules and vivid examples you can leverage to figure the whole thing out.

General Rules of English Pronunciation

Before moving to sounds, let us identify the symbols that form the basement of transcription:

The modern English alphabet has 26 letters and 44 sounds (phonemes): 20 consonants giving 24 phonemes, and 6 vowels giving 20 phonemes.

In this case, we mean received pronunciation (RP), i.e standard British English dialect. American English has fewer vowel sounds which amount to 14 to 16.

Transcription of Vowels

English never follows the “one letter — one sound” rule. All vowels in English are divided into monophthongs and diphthongs.

A monophthong is a pure single vowel sound, whereas diphthong, also known as a gliding vowel, is a tandem of two adjacent vowels.

English has only 12 monophthongs:

The remaining 8 vowel sounds are diphthongs:

How to Pronounce Vowel Sounds

Such a large number of vowels and vowel sounds makes it clear that every letter can be read in different ways and that each of these ways has its own rules.

Firstly, these rules depend on the syllable type: open (ends with a vowel) and closed (ends with a consonant).

Secondly, stress also has its impact. Thirdly, do not forget about letters following the vowel.

Let us take a dive into each of these cases.

In a stressed open syllable, the a is most often pronounced [ei]: baby, play, station.

Some words have different pronunciation options, e.g. ate can be either [eɪt] or [et].

In an open syllable, e gives [i:]: we, sea, people.

Words such as break, great, steak follow the open syllable rule and let both vowels sound: [breɪk], [greɪt], [sreɪk].

Letters i and y sound like [ai]: I, wife, invite и my, style, reply.

Letter o gives [oʊ]: no, goal, stone.

Letter u is pronounced [ju]: use, duty, computer.

Exceptions

In three-syllable and multisyllabic words, the third syllable from the end is usually stressed, with the vowel in it giving a short sound:

Vowels in a stressed closed syllable behave exactly the same way: language, end, sorry, little, symbol.

Letter u in such a syllable is pronounced [ʌ]: up, culture, number. If a syllable ends with b, f or p, or with sh or ll, then letter u gives [ʊ]: bush, full.

This is why Sandra Bullock’s last name is pronounced [ˈbʊlək], not [ˈbʌlək].

Letter r also influences the way vowels sound. Closed syllables that end with r give long sounds:

Concerning an open syllable ending with r, then letter o there will sound like [ɔ:] (core), and other vowels form diphthongs: letter a gives [eə] (prepare), letter e is pronounced [iə] (mere), and letter u sounds like [υə] (sure).

It is also important to memorize vowel sounds in some letter combinations.

Double e and ea give [i:] (tree, please). Double o sounds like [u:] (school). However, if double o is followed by k, the sound is short [ʊ] (book, look, took).

Exceptions

In some cases, a gives [ɔ:]: it is subject to combinations al+consonant, au, aw (talk, autumn, awful). The combination ou+ght, where only t is pronounced, give the same sound [ɔ:] (bought, thought, ought).

Tandems eu and ew sound like [juː] (new) and [uː] (jewel).

Sometimes, letter e is completely dropped. For instance, if a word has another vowel: lie, serve, make. Letter u follows the same path — it is elided in the combination gu+vowel: guy [ɡaɪ], guest [ɡest], colleague [ˈkɒl.iːɡ].

Transcription of Consonants

Consonants are much easier than vowels. To make it even more convenient, we will break down them into voiced-unvoiced pairs, and unpaired consonants.

Paired:

Unpaired:

How to Be Good at Transcription

Phonetic transcription itself is not that tough as you may think. Basically, this instrument is a kind of helping hand in mastering English pronunciation.

So do not just memorize sounds but augment your skills through listening — this way you will train your visual and aural memory and enrich your vocabulary.

To make the training routine easily accessible, just download the free EWA app to your smartphone. It will let you create lists comprising words from your favorite book (which is available on the app), see their phonetics and listen as they sound.

How to pronounce “2010”

Lately, I’ve heard a quite few people pronouncing “2010” as “two thousand and ten”.

That is not the correct way to pronounce it!

The Battle of Hastings was not fought in: “one thousand and sixty six”.

I did not grow up in the: “one thousand nine hundred and eighties”, nor did I party like it was: “one thousand nine hundred and nintety nine”.

For the sake of brevity, all 4-digit years should be pronounced as two numbers — not as one number. The only exception is when there are two zeroes in the middle (like the last 9 years), in which case it seems to be an acceptable alternative to pronounce it as one number.

So if you hear anyone saying “two thousand and ten”, please correct them!

Thank you

Comments

twenty ten

or is it two thousand and ten?

Lately, I’ve heard a quite few people pronouncing “2010” as “two thousand and ten”.

That is not the correct way to pronounce it!

The Battle of Hastings was not fought in: “one thousand and sixty six”.

I did not grow up in the: “one thousand nine hundred and eighties”, nor did I party like it was: “one thousand nine hundred and nintety nine”.

For the sake of brevity, all 4-digit years should be pronounced as two numbers — not as one number. The only exception is when there are two zeroes in the middle (like the last 9 years), in which case it seems to be an acceptable alternative to pronounce it as one number.

So if you hear anyone saying “two thousand and ten”, please correct them!

Thank you

if there is an opportunity for pedantry.

how did you pronouce the year 2000? 20 double 0?

Nice counter-example! 😎

It’s not about what someone dictates, it’s about what rolls off the tongue nicely.

I think «two-thousand-and-» will be acceptable to many people for some time yet.

I also think 2020 will be the prompt to change to «twenty'» as the prefix, again on ease of use grounds.

Going back to the OP I wonder what people who grew up in or associate something with the decade 1900-1909 use?

You can’t say ‘I grew up in the nineteen-hundreds’, can you? That covers the entire century. I’ve also rarely heard the expression ‘nineteen-tens’ used to cover the period 1910-1919, but I suppose that would be the ‘correct’ expression.

Us modern humans and our arbitrary obsession with decades.

whats c3p0’s cousin got to do with it? 😀

OK, that is one exception. Years ending with two zeroes are an exception because they are always pronounced as a single number (e.g. “nineteen hundred”). Using the conventional pronunciation, “2000” would be “twenty hundred”.

Perhaps I should have said that the conventional way of pronouncing 4-digit years is to always pronounce the first two digits as a distinct number. (Followed by either a number, or “hundred” or “oh” then a number.)

Lately, I’ve heard a quite few people pronouncing “2010” as “two thousand and ten”.

That is not the correct way to pronounce it!

The Battle of Hastings was not fought in: “one thousand and sixty six”.

I did not grow up in the: “one thousand nine hundred and eighties”, nor did I party like it was: “one thousand nine hundred and nintety nine”.

For the sake of brevity, all 4-digit years should be pronounced as two numbers — not as one number. The only exception is when there are two zeroes in the middle (like the last 9 years), in which case it seems to be an acceptable alternative to pronounce it as one number.

So if you hear anyone saying “two thousand and ten”, please correct them!

Thank you

Saying «twenty ten» is pandering to Americanisms and it also makes it sounds like two separate numbers i.e 20,10

People living in 1066, did refer to it as Ten thousand and sixty sixty. You will see this on historical documents right up to modern times in fact as legal documents still refer to years in this way. Also grave stones up until Victorian times still referred to the years in this way.

We have only come accustomed to saying dates such as «ten sixty sixty six» due to modern changes in language highly influenced by American English.

Lately, I’ve heard a quite few people pronouncing “2010” as “two thousand and ten”.

That is not the correct way to pronounce it!

The Battle of Hastings was not fought in: “one thousand and sixty six”.

I did not grow up in the: “one thousand nine hundred and eighties”, nor did I party like it was: “one thousand nine hundred and nintety nine”.

For the sake of brevity, all 4-digit years should be pronounced as two numbers — not as one number. The only exception is when there are two zeroes in the middle (like the last 9 years), in which case it seems to be an acceptable alternative to pronounce it as one number.

So if you hear anyone saying “two thousand and ten”, please correct them!

Thank you

I’ll be thinking of you in the Year of our Lord two thousand and ten.

Equally I think you will find regular reference to the year of our Lord one thousand and sixty six.

Although I call it twenty ten, I do so through personal preference. There is no «Correct» way of doing it and to tell people that ‘your’ way is the ‘correct’ way strikes me as extremely arrogant.

How is «æ» supposed to be pronounced?

The Encyclopædia Brittanica still uses the symbol «æ». However, I still hear everyone pronounce it as «Encyclo pee dia», when their spelling suggests more along the lines of «Encyclo pah dia» or «encyclo pay dia». In a more general sense, should æ or Æ always be pronounced as a long e sound? When I see it used, it is in dæmon, æther, or æon.

The wikipedia page makes it clear that they should be pronounced with another sound along the lines of ah or eh. confusing because I want to pronounce it as «ai» or «ay». Given the name «Aion» as a recent videogame, and the common pronunciation of a CS mailer-daemon as «Daymon», clearly others behave the same way.

The problem lies in that æ used to be pronounced as ah/eh, and now seems to be pronounced as ay. Encyclopædia is the only exception. being pronounced as ee?

How do I pronounce it when seen in English? ee, ay, or ah/eh?

8 Answers 8

You have to distinguish English vowels from English orthography. There are between twelve and fifteen distinct vowels in English, depending on your dialect, but there are only 5 vowel letters in the orthography. This causes no end of problems.

The letter æ was used in Old English to represent the vowel that’s pronounced in Modern English ash, fan, happy, and last: /æ/. Mostly we now spell that vowel with the letter a, because of the Great Vowel Shift.

When æ appears in writing Modern English, it’s meant to be a typographic variant of ae, and is pronounced the same as that sequence of vowel letters would be. So Encyclopaedia or Encyclopædia, no difference.

English orthography is rule based. except it’s not very good at following the rules. Sometimes it uses a regular literal one-to-one pronunciation, at oher times the spelling got stuck centuries ago but sounds changes occurred in speech, and sometimes, the word is written as from the foreign language it was borrowed from but the impossible or unlikely pronunciation is adapted to English mouths and ears.

The pair ‘ae’ or the single mushed together symbol ‘æ’, is not pronounced as two separate vowels. It comes (almost always) from a borrowing from Latin. In the original Latin it is pronounced as /ai/ (in IPA) or to rhyme with the word ‘eye’. But, for whatever reason, it is usually pronounced as ‘/iy/’ or «ee». Encyclodpeeedia, alumneee (for many female ‘alumnae’). Another variant is /ɛ/ in an-eh-sthetic for ‘anaesthetic’. Note that many of these spellings are now variants and the more common spelling removes the strange looking ‘a’.

Another pair borrowed from Latin is ‘oe’ is in (the old fashioned spelling) ‘oesophagus’ where it is pronounced /ɛ/ ‘eh’ eh-sah-fuh-gus.

You may be mixing up the IPA pronunciation symbol æ and the alphabetic letter æ.

In English text, the letter is used as a slightly old-fashioned form of the Latin digraph ae (also in Latin-mediated Greek words) and in some names from Danish, Norwegian, Old English and a few other languages that use the letter natively.

The pronunciation doesn’t have to be anything like the IPA [æ].

For Latin loanwords in ordinary English text, it’s essentially equivalent to the letter «e» (so always «encyclopEEdia», «julius cEEsar») but in the study of Latin language and culture it’s common to pronounce names and terms in ways more similar to how the original speakers did.

In Danish (etc.) names, you’d adapt to what ever approach you would otherwise use for those names in English text. It may end up actually sounding like the IPA [æ].

To find out how a word is pronounced, you can look in a dictionary. To find out how a word «should» be pronounced, you have to decide what you mean by that, and then look up whatever information you think is relevant (e.g. the word’s etymology, the frequency of any variant pronunciations, what usage «mavens» have written about the word).

The symbol æ has multiple distinct uses.

A ligature of the Latin ae digraph

In fact, æ isn’t used much at all in modern English writing, but most of the time when you see it in that context, it is not being used as a distinct letter, but just a ligature of the Latin-derived digraph ae (which is the letter a followed by the letter e). Writing this digraph with a ligature has fallen out of fashion, but some writers may use it to create a particular effect, or just out of eccentricity (compare perhaps the similarly uncommon use of the diaeresis in words like coöperation). Related questions: Is the word “formulæ” valid English?, Is it acceptable that I use ligatures and diæreses? In many words, it is usual to write e instead of either ae or æ: this statement is true especially in American English, but there are many words for which it applies to British English as well. For example, the spelling demon, which is usual in both American English and British English when writing about evil spirits or supernatural entities, comes from a spelling variant of Latin daemon. On the other hand, one word where ae is still common in both British English and American English is aesthetic(s).

As others have mentioned, the Latin ae digraph in English words is usually pronounced as /iː/ (the «long e» or «ee» sound found in the word fleece) : this definitely is true for aeon, aether, and encylopaedia.

Sometimes, especially in American English, Latin ae is instead pronounced as /ɛ/ (the «short e» sound found in the word dress). This pronunciation tends to occur in «closed» syllables (a closed syllable is a syllable that ends in a consonant) or in stressed syllables that are followed by at least two other syllables. An example is the word aesthete, which is pronounced with /ɛ/ in American English, although in British English it may be pronounced with /iː/. This same pronunciation difference (/ɛ/ in American English, /iː/ in British English) may occur for words that are spelled with «e» in American English but «ae» in British English (Brian Nixon mentioned the example pedophile vs. paedophile in a comment).

A third pronunciation, /eɪ/ («long a», as in face), exists for ae in words taken from Latin, but it’s a bit harder to explain, so I’ve postponed my discussion of it to the end of this answer. Also, I think it’s not very common for words pronounced with /eɪ/ to be written with the ligature æ.

Latin ae was not always a digraph

In Latin, not all instances of the sequence ae were examples of the ae digraph. Occasionally, a followed by e in Latin just represented an «a» sound followed by an «e» sound, pronounced «in hiatus»; that is, in separate syllables (for example, in the Latin words aeneus adj. «of bronze/of copper/brazen» and aer «air»).

But related word in modern English may have developed pronunciations without hiatus, perhaps in part because of the ambiguous spellings or analogy with related words that are pronounced without a hiatus: e.g. aeneous (OED pronunciation: «Brit. /ˈiːnɪəs/, /eɪˈiːnɪəs/, U.S. /ˈiniəs/, /eɪˈiniəs/») and aerial (OED pronunciation: «Brit. /ˈɛːrɪəl/, U.S. /ˈɛriəl/»).

In theory, words with ae in hiatus should not be written with the ligature æ, but in practice, it’s possible to find examples of this from times when æ was more common.

The Old English «ash» letter

In Old English, ae and æ were used to represent the monophthong /æ/ (which could be short or long). In this context, the symbol æ came to be considered a letter of its own, with the name «ash» (in Old English, «æsc»).

Rarely, you will see this symbol in a modern English text when somebody is using an Old English name like «Æthelred».

The pronunciation is usually an approximation of what we think the Old English pronunciation was, so something like the «short a» sound in the modern English word trap (IPA /æ/, or in some systems /a/), or perhaps for some speakers the «short e» sound in the modern English word dress (IPA /ɛ/).

The pronunciation of Old English «ash» is irrelevant to the pronunciation of the ligature æ in English words taken from Latin.

History of the Latin «ae» digraph

The Latin ae digraph replaced an ai digraph that was used in Old Latin. Scholars think that the sound was pronounced as a diphthong [ai] in the Old Latin stage. Its reflexes in the Romance languages point to a monophthong *ɛ in the common ancestor of these languages («Proto-Romance»).

Based on the evidence, the reconstructed development of the Latin sound is from a diphthong [ai] or [aj], to a diphthong with a more open final element [aɪ] or [ae], to a monophthong [ɛː], which merged with the reflex of the Latin «short e» sound to become *ɛ in Proto-Romance. (In some cases, Latin «ae» instead corresponds to Romance /e/: this is thought to represent an alternative development where at some earlier point before the loss of vowel length, ae became a long monophthong and merged with Latin «long e», which became Proto-Romance *e.)

During the Classical period, Latin ae was used as a transcription of the Greek digraph αι. The words demon, aether/ether, aeon/eon all come from Greek words spelled with αι: δαίμων, αἰθήρ, αἰών.

The conventional correspondence of Latin ae and Greek αι was maintained in «Classical» words in modern languages for a while, but eventually some scholars came to feel that the direct transliteration ai was somehow better or more appropriate. So in the modern English spelling of recent borrowings from or coinages based on Ancient Greek, we see variation between ae and ai (compare similar variation between oe and oi, y and u, u and ou, c and k). For example, the spelling daimon has been used by authors who wanted to use the Greek word δαίμων in English while avoiding the connotations of the word demon.

Part of the variability in the pronunciation of ae in modern English may also be based on the efforts of classical scholars. As I mentioned, Latin ae is reconstructed as having the pronunciation /aɪ/ at some point after the Old Latin period and before the end of the Classical Latin period. Latin teachers in favor of using a «restored» pronunciation decided that because of this, the English sound /aɪ/ (the «long i» sound found in the word price) should be taught to English-speaking Latin students as the pronunciation of Latin ae.

A number of speakers now use these «restored» qualities in certain contexts in English words that come from Latin. I mainly hear /aɪ/ for ae from modern English speakers when the ae is word-final—there is a separate question asking about the variation between /aɪ/ and /iː/ in this context: Pronunciation of words ending with “‑ae”.

The «ay» pronunciation (IPA /eɪ/)

As mentioned in the question, there are a few words spelled with ae that seem to have pronounciations with the «long a» sound, as in the word face (IPA /eɪ/).

The origins of this are not entirely clear to me. It seems likely that in at least some cases, it is based on the medieval or «Ecclesiastical» pronunciation of Latin ae as a monophthong like [ɛ] or [e] (compare the use of English /eɪ/ in certain English pronunciations of a number of words that have /ɛ/ in modern French, such as ballet and crêpe).

It may also be influenced by the use of «a» + a consonant letter + «silent e» as a representation of /eɪ/ in native English words, and the use of «oe», «ie», «ue» as a representation of word-final «long o», «long i» and «long u» in a number of words.

In addition to daemon, the word aegis (mentioned in a comment by Lambie) has a variant pronunciation with /eɪ/ instead of /iː/. The sound /eɪ/ is also used as a third variant pronunciation of the -ae plural ending, in words like vertebrae.

Plural Nouns and Verbs in Third Person

The pronunciation of S at the end of plural nouns, verbs in third person and as a part of the possessive case sometimes causes problems for non-native speakers because it can be pronounced in three different ways: / ɪz /, / s / or / z /.

(Note: whenever you see letters or symbols between two slash marks (/ /), it refers to the pronunciation of that letter or sound)

The pronunciation depends on the last sound of the verb or noun which is usually a consonant. Before we learn the difference ways to pronounce the final S, we must first know what voiced and voiceless consonants are as well as sibilant sounds:

Voiced Consonants vs. Voiceless Consonants

A voiced consonant (or sound) means that it uses the vocal cords and they produce a vibration or humming sound in the throat when they are said. Put your finger on your throat and then pronounce the letter L. You will notice a slight vibration in your neck / throat. That is because it is a voiced sound.

A voiceless sound (sometimes called unvoiced sound) is when there is no vibration in your throat and the sound comes from the mouth area. Pronounce the letter P. You will notice how it comes from your mouth (in fact near your lips at the front of your mouth). The P sound doesn’t come from your throat.

Try this with the other letters and you will «feel» the difference between a voiced and a voiceless consonant (or sound).

Sibilant Sounds

Another sound which is relevant to this is the sibilant sound which is produced by forcing air out toward your teeth. It is characterized by a hissing sound (sssss), a buzzing sound (zzzzz) or the sound teachers make when they want you to be quiet (shhhh!).

Now we know the difference between voiced, voiceless and sibilant sounds we can look at the following rules for the correct pronunciation of S at the end of words in English:

The pronunciation of the S at the end of words in English

The pronunciation of the final S in plural words and verbs in the third person depend on the final consonant sound before that S.

The ending is pronounced /s/ after a voiceless sound, it is pronounced /z/ after a voiced sound and is pronounced /ɪz / or /əz/ after a sibilant sound:

1. The /ɪz/ sound (or /əz/ sound)

Sometimes this sound is written as /əz/ and uses the symbol «schwa» or «upside down e» before the z. For ease we will write this sound as /ɪz/ or /iz/

If the last consonant sound of the word is a sibilant sound (a hissing or buzzing sound), the final S is pronounced as /ɪz/. This /ɪz/ sound is pronounced like an extra syllable. (e.g. the word buses has two syllables)

If the sound has a J sound (/dʒ/ like the letter J at the beginning of the word jacket or /ʒ/ like the S in pleasure), then the final S is also pronounced as /ɪz/.

Examples of words ending in the /ɪz/ sound:

2. The /s/ sound

If the last consonant of the word is voiceless, then the S is pronounced as /s/. Be careful not to create an extra syllable.

NOTE: The consonants c, s, sh, ch and x are voiceless though they use the sibilants ending seen above.

Examples of words ending in the /s/ sound:

3. The /z/ sound

If the last letter of the words ends in a voiced consonant (or sound), then the S is pronounced like a Z /z/(without creating another syllable). This Z sound is similar to the sound a bee makes zzzz.

We also use this ending when the word ends in a vowel sound (e.g. bees, flies etc.)

Examples of words ending in the /z/ sound:

Pronunciation of S cheat sheet

Pronunciation Practice

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Grammar Notes

A variety of English grammar notes and rules including charts and examples for beginner to advanced level students.

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Improve your English with our interactive English grammar games. There are many different topics and levels.

How to read numbers in English

Just as in Russian, English numerals are divided into quantitative (those with which we count objects and designate their quantity) and ordinal (those with which we determine the place of an object in a certain queue).

It’s the same story with interest. Russian percentages are usually denoted as%. At least two other methods will be selected for English.

Cardinal numbers

Zero can also cause some confusion.

There are several ways to pronounce or read this number.

Table 1.

As examples, we will give some sentences that contain the number «zero».

Table 2.

Ordinals

Nouns used with ordinal numbers are used with the article the. The is also used in the absence of a noun.

Table 3.

5 rules for using hyphens in English

In modern English, two words that make up one compound word, as a rule, can be written separately, together (as one word) and connected with a hyphen. So, the following compound words are given in the same form by three different English dictionaries:

Another modern dictionary lists the word hairstylist as fused, not hair stylist. All this suggests that the process of forming complex words is in constant motion and changes. Moreover, the organizations responsible for the development of the language do not always agree with certain options for the formation of complex words.

We invite you to familiarize yourself with the generally accepted and approved rules for the use of hyphens in English grammar.

Formation of an adjective before a noun

A hyphen is used to combine two or more words into one complex, which serves as an adjective for the following noun. For example:

However, if the components of a compound word follow the noun, then they are not combined with a hyphen:

The hyphen is always used in words that speak about the age and size of a person or object:

Compound Numerals

The hyphen should be used in compound numbers. For example:

Similar pronunciation and awkward letter combinations

The hyphen should be used to avoid confusion with similar words:

The hyphen will also help you in situations with awkward letter combinations:

Hyphen with prefixes and suffixes

Be sure to use a hyphen with ex- (meaning ex), all-, self-, between the prefix and the capital letter. Examples:

Wrapping words to a new line

When you wrap words on another line, you will need a hyphen again. You can cut off words, as a rule, only by syllables:

If the word already contains a hyphen, then it can be wrapped to a new line only at the location of the hyphen:

However, you cannot wrap to a new line or leave the first / last letter of a word on the old line. Also, you cannot wrap one suffix consisting of two letters to a new line. Examples:

In English, names and abbreviations cannot be transferred. Names consisting of two or more words are also not recommended to be wrapped on a new line. Examples:

Have you used a hyphen in written English? Was it successful (or were there some difficulties)? Let us know in the comments!

English numbers and numbers

Numbers in English with transcription in the table from 1 to 10:

If you do not know English transcription and you need Russian transcription, listen to how numbers and numbers are read in English:
/audio/english-vocabulary-numbers.mp3 Download mp3

The number 0 is written like this: nought [nɔːt], zero [‘zɪərəu]

Numbers 11 to Million

More numbers in English from 11 to 20 and from 21 to 100:

Cardinal and ordinal numbers

There are two types of numerals:

Everything is clear with the first group. Quantitative (cardinal) numerals are our one, two, three one hundred (one, two, three hundred).

But ordinal (ordinal) numerals are a bit tricky. Pointing to the order of the position or course of action (first, second, third hundredth), they are formed according to a certain rule, which was not without exceptions. Let’s consider the rule.

Pay attention! Ordinal numbers are used with the article “The“.

And what about the exceptions? They are words «First, second, third, fifth»that need to be learned by heart:

Ordinal numbers will be useful to us in order to name the date of your birth. (birthday).

Mu birthday is on the second (tenth, seventeenth) of May (January, June).

Use “on» to indicate the day and «Of» before the month name. By the way, historically, the names of calendar months are written with a capital letter. Remember this!

Ordinal numbers in English

Years in English: Pronunciation, Reading, Writing

In any stories, articles, educational texts, years are usually written in numbers. Therefore, for their correct understanding, there is no difference in what language the text is written. But as soon as it comes to pronunciation and listening comprehension, as well as, if necessary, to write them correctly in words, almost everyone has difficulties. How to pronounce years in English if they have zeros or are they represented by integers?

Even if you know English numerals well, years in English are read differently than in Russian. It is important to name the dates correctly when reading and in conversation. Therefore, the peculiarities of the pronunciation of the numerals denoting the year are worth a detailed study.

Thousands of years ago

That noble knight lived in year 6 (six). “That noble knight lived in the sixth year.

Reading four-digit years

Beginning in the year 1000, the names of the years are indicated by four-digit numerals. It would seem that if you know the word thousand (thousand), hundred (hundred) and you know how to make two-digit numbers, there will be no questions. But the bottom line is that there are three ways to read such symbols in English.

Consider the pronunciation of years in English using the example of 1956. We use all the options in order of increasing frequency of use:

All these rules apply for the years of the 21st century, starting from 2010.

The conjunction and between numerals is usually used in British English and omitted in American English.

Zero years and round numbers

How to read years in English if there is a zero in the number? Zero in English is zero. Since we use numerals to designate years, theoretically this word should also have been used. But in fact, when reading years with zeros in a composition, the following rules apply:

1) Zero instead of zero reads Oh (like the English vowel O). This is usually needed if the penultimate character in the year name is zero (before the year 2000).

2) After 2000 (2001-2009), when reading years, the word thousand is used, and zero is not indicated by a separate word.

For example, 2006 in English:

3) «Round thousandths» 1000 and 2000 years should be read like this:

4) In years with two zeros at the end, we use the word «hundred»

Grammatical nuances of the designation of years in English

So now you know how to read years in English. Writing and pronouncing any date in English that includes a year is not difficult. We offer to consolidate your knowledge. Complete the exercise with the correct sentences. The dates in these proposals will be written in different ways.

Online exercise for writing years

Translate sentences into English using the suggested English words.

Complete the full course

Numbers in English

It is difficult to meet a person who cannot count to 10 in English, but English numbers greater than ten raise many questions, and many do not fully know how to call them correctly, so they avoid calling large numbers or working with fractions. In this article, I will tell you in great detail (and I will remind someone) what numbers are in English, and how to call numbers in English.

In English, as in Russian, there are two types of numerals: quantitative and ordinal.

Cardinal numbers

Quantitative answers to the question «How much?» and, as their name implies, indicate the quantity:

This row is familiar to everyone, but I still ask you to pay attention to the pronunciation of the words: three [θriː], so that you have an English sound [θ], not Russian C, but in the words five and seven, try not to deafen the sound [v ]: [faɪv], [ˈsev.ən].

Please also note that in some numbers, when a suffix is ​​added, the spelling changes (thirteen, fifteen, eighteen).

It is important to remember about stress. At transfer or invoice, the stress falls on the first syllable, because all numbers in a row with the same suffix:

thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen,

If you use in speech one numeral, not in a number row, but, for example, with a noun, then the stress falls on the second syllable:

Note the changes in the numbers 20, 40, 50.

Two-digit numbers are usually hyphenated:

Using the words hundreds and thousands is only possible if we do not know the exact quantities:

A million in English is million, and a billion is billion. These words are also used in singular with exact number. Hundreds, thousands, millions, and billions can separated by commas for a better perception of the whole number:

Ordinals

Ordinal numbers of two-digit, three-digit, etc. numbers are formed by adding -th to the last numeral:

Using the AND conjunction in numerals

Should I or should I not say and? We come across different options and so on to the end and cannot understand when we need the union and in numbers. And it turns out that you say and, then you skip. To clear your mind, consider when and is used in numbers.

And is not used in two-digit numbers less than a hundred:

And is used after the word hundred, if it is followed by dozens of:

And is used after the word thousand, if it is followed by dozens of, without hundreds:

If after the word thousand followed by hundreds (a number greater than one hundred or equal to one hundred), then and not used:

In American English (AmE) and is often overlooked, so you can see numbers with hundred, thousand without and.

The word and in numerals is always unstressed, and its pronunciation is reduced to [ən], [nd], [n].

And is used when reading common fractions (common fractions or simple fractions):

You will learn how to correctly name simple and decimal fractions in the next article.

English numerals: how numerals are formed, spelling and pronunciation of English numerals

Numerals are a part of speech that no language can do without. The division into categories in English is the same as in Russian. There are two types of numerals in english: ordinal and quantitative. In the article, we will consider in detail the characteristics and features of use in the proposal. The only difference from the Russian language is that the numerals in English are not inclined, which greatly simplifies the pronunciation of these words.

Cardinal numbers in English

English counting is based on numbers from 1 to 12. If you know how to count within these limits, it will not be difficult to continue. You just need to add it to the word «teen». If we talk about the score from 13 to 19, then we get the following form:

A different rule applies when the score is from 20 to 90. If the digit is a multiple of ten, add the ending “ty” in the same way. Here’s an example, transforming the numbers from 2 to 9 to 20-90:

Just like in Russian, numerals answer the question “how much”. Designation categories: number of persons, objects.

Ordinal numbers in English

To learn how to correctly count ordinal numbers, you need to learn how to add the ending. It’s about the “th” suffix. This rule applies both to numbers before 10 and after. Here are some examples:

The rule does not apply to first, second, third.

It is easy to navigate the ordinal numbers in English according to the table

When using ordinal numbers in a sentence, there are 3 important rules to be aware of:

1. If you want to use a compound numeral in a sentence, the suffix “th” characteristic of ordinal numerals is added to the last word in the construction:

The XNUMXth train arrived at the first station. One hundred and forty-eighth train came to the first station.

2. Using ordinal multiples of ten, the ending “y” is changed to “ie”:

Numbers in English | English grammar | EF

Cardinal numbers (one, two, three, etc.) are adjectives denoting quantity. Ordinal numbers (first, second, third, etc.) indicate the order by count.

Quantitative Ordinal Number

Reading decimal places

When we read decimal places aloud in English, we pronounce the decimal point as “point,” then pronounce the next digit separately. Money is not counted in this way.

Writing Pronunciation

Reading beats

In English, fractions are read using a cardinal number to indicate the numerator and an ordinal number to indicate the denominator. Moreover, if the numerator is greater than 1, then we put the ordinal (denominator) in the plural. This applies to all numbers except 2, which is pronounced «half» when it is the denominator, and «halves» when there are more than one.

Writing Pronunciation

Percentage pronunciation

Reading percentages out loud in English is pretty easy. Just say the number and add the word «percent».

Writing Pronunciation

Reading sums of money

To read monetary amounts, first read the whole number, then add the name of the currency. If it is a decimal point, read it as an integer, and if coins have their own name in a particular currency, add it at the end. Note that normal decimal places are not read this way. These rules apply only to reading currencies.

Writing Pronunciation

Measurement pronunciation

Just say the number followed by the measure, often written as an abbreviation.

Writing Pronunciation

Pronunciation of times

Reading tenses in English is relatively difficult. Usually, when the year has four digits, the first two are read as one number, and then the other two as another integer. There are several exceptions to this rule.

Years up to the first 100 years of the millennium can be read as whole numbers, even if they have four digits, or they can be read as two-digit numbers. Millenniums are always read as whole numbers, as it would be too difficult to read them otherwise. New ages are read as integers in the hundreds.

We do not use the word «thousand», at least not when we read dates for the last 1000 years.

Years with only 3 digits can be pronounced as a three-digit number, or as a single-digit number followed by two-digit years. Years in which there are only two digits are read as one number. Before you say the number of the year, you can add “the year” at the beginning to make it easier to understand, and you can also use two-digit and three-digit years in the same way. Years before 0 are always written with the acronym BC (BC), and it is pronounced like two letters of the alphabet.

Curiously, using the same rules we read street names and addresses.

Writing Pronunciation

How to pronounce 0

There are several ways to pronounce the number 0, depending on the context. Unfortunately, the use of these options differs in different English-speaking countries. These pronunciation rules apply to American English.

Pronunciation Use

Numbers in English: quantitative and ordinal

To memorize numerals, you do not need to invent any special methods, basic methods of learning foreign words will do.

Designation of pages, chapters, buildings

Unlike Russian, in English, when naming pages, as well as chapters, numbers of something, parts of books, buildings, etc. cardinal numbers are often used. However, it should be remembered that the noun being defined is placed in preposition (i.e.

in the phrase, the numeral is in second place) and does not require a definite or indefinite article: part four (part four), lesson six (lesson six), building fifty (building number fifty).

Years designation

Cardinal numbers are used to indicate years in English. The pronunciation rule of numerals denoting the year is also specific: the date is divided in half, and each part is read as a separate number: 1958 (nineteen fifty-eight) 1644 (sixteen forty-four). The word «year» (year) after mentioning the ordinal number of the year is most often omitted.

Time designation

In addition, there is a peculiarity of the use of prepositions at (in), to

Cardinal numbers in English

Hello dear friends!

Today I will cover a topic for you that you just need to know. After all, arriving in another country, one way or another you will come across it everywhere: in a store, public transport, museums, cafes and restaurants. What am I talking about? I’ll tell you about cardinal numbers in English.

Let’s start with the simplest

First, let’s define what it is. Cardinal numbers are those that answer the question «How much?» That is, they represent the number of items. The most common situation in which they can meet you is when answering the question «how much does it cost?», In addition, when talking about distances, time, and in many other situations. By the way, remember the lesson about ordinal numbers?

Surely, many of you can easily count from one to ten, but I still remind you with a table with transcription in Russian:

It is even easier further. You need to remember the name of dozens:

We want to get something more complicated. For example, 41 or 35, we simply add the corresponding digit to the ten: forty-one, thirty-five. By the way, such numbers are called compound numbers in English. Please note that when writing them in letters, a hyphen is always put.

How to read large numbers

Let’s deal with a hundred first. In English it is called hundred (handred). If there is only one, then we put the indefinite article a. When reading between hundred and compound pronoun is put and. For example, 156 is a hundred and fifty six.

When is a used and when the?

A thousand is called thousand, and a million is called million. When written in numbers, the digits are separated by commas. Do not confuse with the Russian language. Here they are separated by periods, and where the commas are, they are already fractions. In English, the opposite is true. Read 1,457 as one thousand four hundred and fifty seven.

One more rule should be remembered here: hundred, thousand, million have no plural. That is, that there are five, seven or one, the –s suffix is ​​not added. Compare: five thousand and seventy nine, five thousands and seventy nine.

Do not forget to subscribe so as not to miss anything and receive a phrasebook in English, German and French as a gift. It has Russian transcription, therefore, even without knowing the language, you can easily master colloquial phrases.

Round numbers

Zero is a very interesting number. It reads differently depending on the context. For example, in phone numbers or zip codes, you would pronounce it as oh: 5930 (five nine three oh). What about nouns?

Other uses of cardinal numbers

As you might have already guessed, phone numbers and indexes are read here for each digit separately: 7923623394 (seven nine two three six two three three nine four).

Remember when to use the to particle?

Let’s remember the information

To better assimilate the material just read, let’s do the exercise.

Write down the numbers presented in letters:

Now read the following sentences (note the context):

Ordinal and cardinal numbers in English

Numerals in English are those parts of speech whose main purpose is to demonstrate either the amount of an object or phenomenon, or its ordinal number.

Accordingly, it is customary to distinguish two main categories of numerals: ordinal and cardinal numbers.

In order to understand the difference between these two types, it is necessary to describe what grammatical features these variants of numerals have, and consider whether ordinal and cardinal numbers in English have any exceptions.

The main features of the two categories

Cardinal and ordinal numerals (in English they are called cardinal and ordinal numerals) have individual characteristics.

Place in the sentence

Any number, whether quantitative or ordinal, usually identifies a noun or pronoun and is rarely used at the end of a sentence. Exceptions can be situations where nouns can be omitted, which is often done to avoid repetitions:

Cardinal numbers in English

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There are numbers and numbers in any language, so this topic is not considered difficult to understand. The numerals of each language have their own characteristics, which may not be in the native language. Therefore, while studying this part of speech, it is necessary to remember the names of numbers and numbers, as well as the cases of their correct use.

Numbers in English

In English, there are 10 figures: from 0 to 9. Various combinations of these “numbers” form “numbers”. These ten numbers in English with transcription are as follows:

Now let’s see what numbers we can form using numbers.

Cardinal numbers from 1 to 100

These are the numbers you can find in English.

See how native speaker Ronnie pronounces these numbers in English. Try to repeat after her to get used to the correct pronunciation and stress in these words.

Cardinal numbers in English are:

Cardinal numbers from 100 to

And this is how cardinal numbers over a hundred are formed.

Let’s try to do the impossible and write down such a number in words 1 623 457?

1,623,457 = One million, six hundred and twenty-three thousand, four hundred and fifty-seven.

Features of the use of cardinal numbers in English

Let’s talk about some of the features of the use of cardinal numbers.

millions of people

How to write numbers and numerals | Articles in English on Study.ru

1.Number or numeral

2. Write small numbers in words

3 general rule

4.Numbers and punctuation marks

5. Don’t start a sentence with a number.

6. Writing centuries and years

Write centuries and decades in words. For example, The eighties or The nineteenth century.

7. Interest and recipes

Cardinal and ordinal numbers in English

You might think that it makes no sense to study numerals in English. Indeed, it is easier to write the necessary numbers on a piece of paper and just show them to an English-speaking friend (and to any other friend who passed the numbers at school).

But what to do if a situation arises when there is no piece of paper at hand or there is no way at all to draw something on the sand / napkin / other surfaces. For example, when you speak to a business partner on the phone or call the automated call center at London Airport.

And in general, knowledge of numbers in English will not be superfluous.

You didn’t think, when you learned the English alphabet, about its need, but you took it for granted. Moreover, this process is simple and interesting.

Numbers in English (quantitative numerators)

• What is easiest to memorize? Rhymed poetry. The British seem to have specially invented numbers that are easy to rhyme. Meaning quantitative numerals. That is, those with which you can count objects. We take numbers from 1 to 12 and memorize simple rhymes:

One, two, three, four, five, six, seven,
Eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve.

We repeat this mantra 10 times and consider that the first stage has been passed.

• The second step is to learn the cardinal numbers from 13 to 19. If we were talking about a person’s age, then many would call people from 13 to 19 years old teenagers. And it is no coincidence. It’s just that at the end of each of these numbers there is the same ending. —teen. And here is the confirmation:

thirteen
fourteen
fifteen
sixteen
seventeen
eighteen
nineteen

• Let’s go further? We take dozens. They are very similar to the numbers 13 through 19, but they have an important difference. Instead of a teenage ending, we add –Ty.

• Do you think it will be more difficult further? Don’t even hope. How do we speak Russian 21? The same in English:

Fine, fine. Have noticed. Yes, a hyphen is placed between ten and one. But otherwise, everything is the same. Take a look:

Thirty-four, fifty-seven, eighty-two.

• Let’s not waste time on trifles. And let’s move on to more impressive numbers.

If this is not enough for us, then we can make 200 (two hundred) or 3000 (three thousand), or even immediately 5000000 (five million).

It is surprising that the British did not complicate anything here. Note that a hundred, a thousand, a million are not plural. Everything is in one.

• Still, let’s try something more complicated. Let’s look at composite numbers. For example, 387. We place bets, gentlemen, who will pronounce this number how? And now the correct answer is:

three hundred AND eighty-seven.

The only difference from the Russian is the appearance of the union “and” between hundreds and tens.

What about 5234? We place our bets again. Correct answer:

Five thousand two hundred and thirty-four.

Ordinal numerators

• Cardinal numbers did a good job as a warm-up. It’s time to move on to ordinal in English. That is, to those numerals that denote the order of objects: first, second, third twenty-fourth, the calculation is over!

And here one little surprise awaits us. All ordinal numbers are obtained in the same way: the article is simply added to them the front and —th at the end of a word. And all the cases.

the fourth
the fifth
the sixth
the seventh
the eighth
the ninth
tenth
the forty-seventh

But English wouldn’t be so interesting if it weren’t for the exceptions to the rule. And, of course, these exceptions are the most commonly used numerals.

the first
second
the third

Who has not guessed yet, this is the very first, second and third.

• For dessert. A little more theory for the most curious. This is no longer as necessary as knowledge of cardinal and ordinal numbers, but it will help you show yourself to be very educated in the environment of English-speaking interlocutors.

Phone number. How do you say in Russian 155-28-43? Yeah: one hundred fifty five, twenty eight, forty three. And in English you will call each number in turn. And a little nuance: when there are 2 identical digits in a row, you need to say double and name the number. In this example: one double five two eight four three.

Year. For example, 1843. In Russian: one thousand eight hundred and forty-third. That is, as a number, and even ordinal. And the British are not bastard. Their years are pronounced in dozens at once: eighteen forty-three. That is, also numbers, but quantitative, without any –Th.

Rooms.

«One, two, three, four, five» or numbers in English

How to name numbers in English

Let’s list the main numbers in English:

The following numbers do not lend themselves to the general rules of education:

How to pronounce them correctly in English?

You can correctly pronounce the numbers, and all other words of the English language, only if you know the transcription. Transcription is a special recording of a word the way it is pronounced (for example, the Russian word «draw» can be transcribed as [risavatsa]). And learning English numbers with transcription is much easier than without it.

This is how English numbers are read:

But what if you don’t know how the transcription is read? For those who are just going to learn English from scratch, numbers with Russian transcription are very useful:

All possible numbers, the largest imaginable, are just combinations of nine numbers, from zero to nine. The numbers are formed according to special rules.

Rules for the formation of numbers in English

In general, numbers in English can be divided into: • simple; • derivatives;