He looked at closed door was made of wood

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He looked at closed door was made of wood

1. In the London Tube

Tom (to look) forward to his first journey by tube, as the under-ground railway in London is called. He (to hear) a great deal about it from his friends who already (to be) in England.
Tom (to enter) the station shortly after five o’clock in the afternoon. This is a bad time to travel in London, both by bus and train, because crowds of people go home from work at this hour. He (to bin) a long line of people who (to queue) for tickets. When at last his turn, (to come), he (to have) some difficulty in making the man understand the name of the station he (to want) to go to. He (to get) the right ticket in the end and, by asking several people the way, he also (to find) the right platform. It was full of people who (to come) earlier. He (to be swept) on to the train by the rush of people from behind. The doors (to close) and the train (to move off). He (to be unable) to see the names of the stations where the train (to stop), but before he (to get) on the train he (to count) the number of stops, so he (to know) exactly where to get off.

2. Names of London Streets

You (to wonder, ever) how the names of the streets and districts came by? Most of them are connected with the history of the city. If you (to read) books by English writers or (to see) English films then you (to hear) such names as Trafalgar Square, Soho, Piccadilly, Charing Cross.
Piccadilly Circus is a fine street which (to see) much history over the centuries. For generations Piccadilly (to be) the heart of London. Now it is a focal point where as many as 50,000 people gather on New Year’s Eve. Piccadilly is called after the man who (to grow) rich by making high collars called «piccadillies». He (to build) a grand house which he (to call) «Piccadilla Hall», and the name (to live on).
Charing Cross is a very old place in London. Once there (to be) a small village. The villagers (to make) charcoal of wood. So the village (to be called) Charing. When in 1291 the English queen Eleonor (to die) outside London, her husband (to decide) to bury her body in Westminster Abbey. At every place where the funeral procession (to stop) a wooden cross (to be erected). The last place (to be) at Charing and since then the place (to be called) Charing Cross.

4. Harvey Maxwell and stenographer

5. Peter and Mary

Peter and Mary (to stand) at the top of the steps at the railway station. They (to wait) for John and Julie. John and Julie (to come) on the twelve o’clock train People (to walk) up and down the steps, and Peter and Mary (to watch) them and (to talk). They (to wonder) what the different people (to do) there at the entrance to the station. Then Mary said: «Some of the people (to walk) slowly up the steps, but some of them (to run) Than man (to walk) very fast and (to look) very worried and unhappy. I wonder what he (to hurry) for. This (not to be) the rush hour. Now there (to be) some schoolchildren. They have all got big cases.» Peter (to explain) that the children (to be going) back to school. They (to carry) books and clothes in their cases. Their teacher (to take) them back to school. He asked Julie if she could see the man with a pack of mountain-boots over his shoulder. He and his wife (to limp) after their first mountain holiday. Then Peter and Miry (to look) round and (to see) their friends John and Julie.

7. In the Library

The silence of the Reference Library (to break) only by the sound of pages which (to be turned over). There (to be) about twenty people in the room. The assistant librarian who (to be) in charge of the room (to sit) at a desk in one corner. She (to glance) at Philip as he (to come) in, then (to go) on with her work.
Philip (not to be) to this part of the library before. He (to walk) around the room almost on tiptoe. The shelves (to be filled) with thick volumes. He (to find) nothing that was likely to interest him, until he (to come) to a small section on photography, which (to be) one of his hobbies. The books in this section (to be) on a high shelf out of his reach, so he (to take) a ladder standing near by. As he (to climb) down the ladder, the book he (to choose) slipped from his grasp and (to fall) to the floor with a loud crash. Twenty pairs of eyes (to look) up at him annoyed by this disturbance.

In ancient Rome there lived a poor slave who (call)1 Androclus. He had a very bad master and one day Androclus (run)2 away. For many days he (hide)3 in the forest without any food. He (be going)4 (die)5 as he (not eat)6 anything for a long time. He (find)7 a cave, (lie)3 on the ground and (fall)9 asleep. But soon he (wake up)10 by a loud noise. To his horror Androclus (see)11 a big lion (come)12 into the cave. The next moment Androclus (understand)13 that something (happen)14 to the lion’s foot. He (can)15 hardly (move)16. The slave (raise)I7 the lion’s paw and (see)18 a big thorn in it. He (pull)19 it out and the lion (jump)20 with joy.

10. Blowing Hot and Cold with the Same Breath

11. A Philosopher

Once upon a time there was a poor man who was very proud of his daughter. He (think)1 that his daughter (be)2 the smartest, kindest and sweetest child in the whole wide world. The father (love)3 (talk)4 about the wonderful things his daughter (can)5 (do)6. Soon, the King (hear)7 about the girl who (can)8 do such an unusual thing as (spin)9 gold out of straw. The girl’s father (send for)10 and (order)11 to bring the girl to the palace.
So, the girl (bring)12 to the palace where the King (wait)13 for her. He (take)14 her into a small room with lots of straw and a spinning-wheel. He warned her that if she not (spin)15 all that straw into gold she (die)16. The poor girl (sit)17 down on the floor and (begin)18 (cry)19 as she never (do)20 such a thing in her life.

13. To Marry or not to Marry

Denis heard the big heavy door (close)1 behind him and (turn)2 (see)3 that there (be)4 no handle. He tried (make)5 the door (open)6 but (not, can)7. Somebody (lock)8 it.
Suddenly a weak voice said: «(Come)9 in, young man. I (be)10 here since morning in the hope of being able (hear)11 your foot-steps». The voice hardly (hear)12. Denis (raise)13 his head (see)14 a little white-haired man in the light of the fire. Denis (speak)15. «I (be)16 afraid, you (make)17 a mistake. You (wait)18 for another man. I (arrive)19 in the town lately and (not know)20 anyone here yet.»

14. The Lost Address

Dear Ann,
I would (like)1 (tell)2 you about a strange thing that (happen)3 to me a few days ago. As you probably (know)4, George, a friend of mine, recently (move)5 in a new flat. I (know)6 George all my life. We (meet)7 in 1977 and we (be)8 friends ever since.
So, he (give)9 me a call yesterday (invite)10 me to his Saturday party (celebrate)11 his house-warming. I carefully (write)12 his new telephone number on a piece of paper that (lie)13 on the table. While I (speak)14 to George, the door bell (ring)15. I (hang up)16 and (go)17 (open)18 the door. I didn’t notice the paper (fall)19 down on the floor.

15. The Unfortunate Tandem

It happened while Mr.Harris and his wife sitting on the tandem behind him (cycle)1 through Holland. The roads (be)2 stony and the bicycle often (jump)3. «Sit tight», (say)4 Harris to his wife, without turning his head. But Mrs.Harris (think)3 he (say)6 «Jump down!». Why she (think)7 he (say)8 «Jump down» neither of them (can)8 (explain)10 later. Mrs.Harris (jump down)11 while Harris (go on)12 thinking that she (sit)13 still behind him. At first she (think)14 he (want)15 simply (show)16 his skill and (return)17 when he (reach)18 the hill. But when he (pass)19 the hill and (disappear)20 in the wood she begin (cry)21, as she (have)22 no money, she (not know)23 Dutch.

Keys / ключи.

1.
1) looked / was looking
2) had heard
3) had already been
4) entered
5) joined
6) queued
7) came
8) had
9) wanted
10) got
11) found
12) had come
13) was swept
14) closed
15) moved off
16) was unable
17) stopped
18) got
19) had counted
20) knew

2.
1) have you ever wondered
2) have read
3) have seen
4) have heard
5) has seen
6) has been
7) has grown / grew
8) built
9) called
10) has lived on
11) was
12) made
13) was called
14) died
15) decided
16) stopped
17) was erected
18) was
19) has been called

3.
1) arrived
2) was
3) were trying / tried
4) had been packed / was packed
5) asked
6) could
7) felt
8) didn’t believe
9) would be given
10) noticed
11) was looking
12) saw
13) change
14) whispered
15) understood
16) was being talked
17) came
18) offered
19) was
20) wanted

4.
1) entered
2) hurried
3) were waiting
4) stood
5) watched
6) sitting
7) was
8) had told
9) did
10) will do
11) come
12) was
13) jumped
14) saw
15) entering
16) was
17) said
18) already had
19) shrugged
20) went away

5.
1) were standing
2) were waiting
3) were coming
4) were walking
5) were watching
6) talking
7) wondered
8) were doing
9) are walking
10) are running
11) is walking
12) looking
13) is hurrying
14) is not
15) are
16) explained
17) were going
18) were carrying
19) was taking
20) were limping
21) looked
22) saw

6.
1) was
2) defeated
3) were killed
4) came
5) lived
6) said
7) didn’t want
8) to be ruled
9) was born
10) spoke / would speak
11) didn’t know
12) be
13) did / had done / would do
14) answered
15) would think
16) give
17) had passed
18) led
19) gathered

7.
1) was broken
2) were being turned over
3) were
4) was
5) was sitting
6) glanced
7) was coming
8) went
9) hadn’t been
10) was walking
11) were filled
12) found
13) came
14) was
15) were
16) took
17) was climbing
18) had chosen
19) fell
20) looked

8.
1) has lived
2) has seen
3) is
4) to discuss
5) phoned
6) asked
7) was lying
8) reading
9) felt
10) added
11) would speak
12) was asked
13) was
14) had lived
15) moved
16) fell
17) lived
18) were repairing
19) Have you been
20) nodded

9.
1) was called
2) ran
3) hid
4) was going
5) to die
6) hadn’t eaten
7) found
8) lay
9) fell
10) was woken up
11) saw
12) coming
13) understood
14) had happened
15) could
16) move
17) raised
18) saw
19) pulled
20) jumped

10.
1) lived
2) was
3) spoke
4) noticed
5) walking
6) ran
7) will you come up
8) have
9) climbed
10) was
11) breathed
12) are you doing

11.
1) was crossing
2) asked
3) have you ever heard
4) said
5) have never heard
6) is
7) am
8) have lost
9) Did you hear
10) were
11) left
12) have forgotten
13) was
14) thought
15) had lost
16) wondered
17) had ever heard
18) had to
19) had never known
20) have lost

12.
1) thought
2) was
3) loved
4) to talk
5) could
6) do
7) heard
8) could
9) spin
10) was sent for
11) ordered
12) was brought
13) was waiting
14) took
15) didn’t spin
16) would die
17) sat
18) began
19) crying / to cry
20) had never done

13.
1) close
2) turned
3) to see
4) was
5) to make
6) open
7) couldn’t
8) had locked
9) come
10) have been
11) to hear
12) was hardly heard
13) raised
14) to see
15) spoke
16) am
17) have made
18) have been waiting
19) have arrived
20) don’t know

14.
1) like
2) to tell
3) happened
4) know
5) has recently moved
6) have known
7) met
8) have been
9) gave
10) to invite
11) to celebrate
12) wrote
13) was lying
14) was speaking
15) rang
16) hung up
17) went
18) to open
19) fall

1 Noun combinations

Prepositions are missing from the following three stories. Use the prepositions in the box above each story to fill in the gaps.

according to across between by from in on to

A man (I) Kentucky, USA, had a dream that would take him away from the rolling hills of his home state. The dream: to row (2)………. the icy Bering Strait (3)…….. Alaska and Russia, (4)…….. a bathtub! Unfortunately, the dream was not completely fulfilled. (5)……………..

the explorer, ‘1 took four gallons of peanut butter along, but (6)….. the morning of the fourth day, it had gone solid. (7) late afternoon, although the sun was still high, the sea went rather thick. Next morning I was frozen in.’ No problem. He abandoned the bathtub and walked (8)……………………land.

at behind in instead of into like under with

SOME STUPID THIEVES

(9) the town of Vang, Norway, a group of professional thieves were carrying out a carefully planned robbery. Everything was going (10) clockwork. They broke into a company (11)…… night, located the safe and set up some explosives that would blow the door of the safe off, allowing them to get to the money inside. After setting the fuse, they

ran (12) the next room, crouched (13) the wall and waited for the explosion.

It came a few seconds later. The safe door was blown off. So was the roof. In fact, the entire building collapsed, trapping the robbers, still crouching in the next office, (14) ……..he rubble of the destroyed building. There had been just one problem they had not foreseen: (15)…….money, the safe had been filled (16) ……..dynamite.
about against along at between during in in into of off on on on on with

SELF-HELP CRIME PREVENTION

A Western businessman living (17) Japan had been warned (18) pickpockets in the Tokyo subways. These notorious thieves operated (19) the crowded rush hour. They had a habit (20) grabbing wallets just as the subway doors were closing, leaving the victim helpless (2)…… the train while they disappeared with the loot

One morning the businessman was (22)………his usual subway stop when the train pulled in. He got on, and sure enough, just as the train doors were about to close, he felt a man rub (23) him. In a panic, the businessman reached for his wallet. It was gone! He looked up as the doors began to close and saw that a man had just got (24) the train.

The man was looking at him triumphantly.

Thinking fast, the businessman pushed his hands (25)………. the closing doors and grabbed the thief’s jacket. The doors closed, with the thief still (26)……… the platform but (27) the lapels of his jacket trapped (28)…………the tight grip of the businessman. As the train began to pull away, the expression (29) the thief’s face changed. He began screaming as he ran (30) the platform with the train. Finally, he held onto a post and his lapels tore away from his jacket. As the train moved (31)……………the tunnel, the businessman was satisfied that at least he had frightened the thief.

When he reached his office, he called his wife to get his credit card numbers so he could cancel them. ‘But honey,’ she said, ‘I’ve been waiting to call you. You left your wallet (32)………..the dressing table when you went to work today.’
Exercise 6

Translate the following sentences

4 THE COMPLEX SUBJECT

The Complex Subject consists of a noun/pronoun (in the nominative case) and the infinitive. It is considered to be the subject of the sentence, its Russian equivalent is in most cases a subordinate clause.

Laser is known to be used in medicine.

The Complex Subject is used with:

Видели, как машина скрылась вдали.

Слышно было, как она весело смеялась.

Его считали честным и добрым человеком. (Считали, что он…)

Говорят, что она сейчас работает в банке.

The delegation is reported to have arrived.

Сообщается, что делегация уже прибыла.

2. word groups: to be likely (вероятно), to be unlikely (маловероятно, врядли), to be certain/to be sure (несомненно, обязательно, бесспорно, непременно).

3. pairs of synonyms: to see/to appear (казаться, по—видимому), to prove/to turn out (оказывается), to happen/to chance

doesn’t prove + infinitive

is/are not likely + infinitive
He doesn’t seem to know this subject.

Он, кажется, не знает этого предмета.

He didn’t prove to be a very experienced doctor.

Он оказался не очень опытным доктором.

He didn’t happen to be there at that time.

Случилось так, что его не было там в это время.

1. The Infinitive in the Complex Subject is used in all its forms and expresses:

a) a simultaneous action

b) an action in progress

c) an action prior to the action expressed by the finite verb

They are reported to have finished the construction.

Сообщают, чтоониужезакончилистроительство.
2. The infinitive in sentences with the Complex Subject cannot refer to the future except with the verbs and word-groups: to expect, to be sure/certain, to be likely.

We are sure to come to the heart of the matter

Мы обязательно доберемся до сути дела.

He is expected to give us an answer tomorrow.

Ожидают, что он даст нам ответ завтра.

3. If the verbs to prove, to seem/to appear (выглядеть, производить впечатление) are followed by adjectives or nouns, the verb to be after them can be omitted.

He appears an experienced teacher.

Он производит впечатление опытного преподавателя.

Он, кажется, болен.
After the verbs in the Passive Voice the Complex Subject is more characteristic of a literary than a colloquial style, except with the verbs to suppose, to expect, to make.

Paraphrase the sentences using a Complex Subject

1. The doctor considered the patient to be fit to travel.

11.It is said that the firm will employ some more people at the beginning of the month.

12. She saw him turn red for no reason at all.

Paraphrase the sentences using a Complex Subject

ОГЭ. Раздел «Грамматика и лексика».

Этот материал поможет учителям и учащимся подготовиться к ОГЭ по английскому языку.

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«ОГЭ. Раздел «Грамматика и лексика».»

Основной государственный экзамен

Раздел «Use of English», задание № 1 (Грамматика)

Прочитайте приведённый ниже текст. Преобразуйте слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами 18–26, так, чтобы они грамматически соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию 18-26.

Tim woke up later than usual. It was Sunday and he _________(HAVE) lots of plans for the day. He was in the bathroom cleaning his _________(TOOTH) when he heard some unfamiliar voices from the veranda. “Who could they be?” Tim _________(THINK). When he came into the room, his mum and two other women ________(CHAT) happily and didn’t notice him. Tim coughed to attract _________(THEY) attention. “Oh, Tim, you’re up already!” his mother sounded excited. “Meet my school friends, Linda and Emma.” Linda shook his hand, Emma smiled and said: “We _________(BE) happy to meet you, Tim.” Your mum showed us your photo, but you are much _________(YOUNG) there. Join us for tea. I wish we _________(CAN) talk about our school days for ages, but we have some other business to discuss with your mother. It’s going to be interesting for you, too.” Tim sat at the table. Emma had some papers in her hands but Tim couldn’t read what _________(PRINT) there – the letters were too small.

It was about 6 pm when I heard a knock on the door. It _________(BE) Jason, my teenage neighbour. He looked cold and upset.
“What’s wrong, Jason?”
“I _________(LOSE) my key and I can’t get into my house.”
“Come in. Today’s not a day for long walks, or long waits,” I looked out the window. It _______(SNOW) hard and it was windy. The weather was getting _____________(BAD) every hour.
Jason _________(TAKE) off his coat and boots. His ________(FOOT) were wet and I gave him a pair of socks to change into. A cup of hot tea and some biscuits soon made the boy feel warm.
“Where are your parents, Jason?”
“I _____________(NOT/KNOW). I can’t call them because of this,” he pulled his phone out of his pocket and showed it to me – the screen _________(BREAK) and the phone was obviously dead.
Jason focused on the food again. He took his _________(FOUR) biscuit and said: “I wish my mum could make biscuits like this.”

We arrived at the lake very early. It was cold but in spite of that there were several _______(MAN) there. Dad pulled our fishing rods out of the rucksack and we joined the others.
“Hey, look what I_______(CATCH)!” a man sitting several metres upstream proudly showed us his bag. There was a large fish in it.
“Good job,” Dad _______(SAY) and everyone became quiet again.
“How long do we have to wait? When will they bite?” I whispered.
“I _________(NOT/KNOW),” Dad whispered back and a moment later he was holding a little, silver fish.
“See?” he turned to me. “But this one is too small. We’d better let it go and wait for the next one.” And he let ______(HE) fish go.
The second fish was _____(BIG) than the first one and soon Dad caught a few more.
“If it goes on like this, mum ______(COOK) us a great dinner,” he said.
We kept fishing till noon but I didn’t catch anything _____(I) and got really bored with it. To me, it _____(BE) a stupid waste of time but I certainly wasn’t going to tell Dad that. He wouldn’t have liked it.

Прочитайте приведённый ниже текст. Преобразуйте слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами 18–– 26, так, чтобы они грамматически соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию 18–– 26.

When I came into the room, my computer was on. It worried me since I ___________(NOT/REMEMBER) switching it on. I looked around – there ______(BE) nobody in my room and everything was in its usual place. Suddenly I _________(UNDERSTAND) – the book had gone! I had left it on the table but it wasn’t there any more. I checked the window – it _________(CLOSE). That meant that someone had come into the room through the door. My ________(ONE) impulse was to call the police but I called Jim instead. “What _________(HAPPEN)?” Jim sounded sleepy. I explained that someone _________(TAKE) the book. “Oh, no!” Jim sounded unhappy. “Have you any idea how valuable it is?” “There’s another thing I _________(NOT/CAN) understand,” I interrupted Jim. “My computer’s on but I always switch it off before leaving home.” “Ok, stay at home. I’ll be at _________(YOU) place in half an hour,” he said and the phone went dead.

Michael could not imagine his life without computers. His parents ________(BUY) him his first computer at the age of seven. It took _________(HE) several days to learn how to use it. His mum said that the younger people were, the __________(FAST) they could learn computer skills. That was probably true – most __________(CHILD) in Michael’s class were very competent computer users. Michael was really surprised to find out that the first personal computer __________(INVENT) in the 70’s of the last century.
“And how did you chat or send your e-mails without computers?” he asked his mother.
She smiled: “We __________(NOT/SEND) each other e-mails. And there were no networks.”
She also said that it ______(BE) fun to communicate face-to-face, to play out-of-doors and to visit friends’ homes.
“But if there ________(BE) no computers, I wouldn’t be able to communicate with my friends who live far away from me,” Michael replied.
“True. Technological progress is a great thing,” his mother said “And I think people ________(CREATE) even more amazing communication devices in the near future.”

Kitty lived next door to me and we’d been friends since childhood. We learnt at the same school and _________(WALK) there together. I was sixteen and she was four years _________(YOUNG) than me. But we had a lot in common and enjoyed chatting on ___________(WE) way to school. Every morning Kitty knocked on my door and I had to be ready by that time – she _____________(NOT/LIKE) waiting for me. One day she didn’t knock. When I caught up with her at the bus stop, she _________(READ) a magazine and didn’t even look at me. I _________(NOT/CAN) understand what was going on.
“Hey, Kitty, what’s wrong? Why aren’t you talking to ________(I)?”
“You yourself know why,” Kitty said angrily.
“No, I don’t. I wouldn’t ask you if I ________(KNOW).”
“You went to the cinema with Lisa Parker yesterday,” Kitty was almost crying.
I felt puzzled and didn’t know what to say. The two ___________(WOMAN) at the bus stop looked amused at our conversation and didn’t hide their smiles.

The phone woke Kim up. She answered the call almost immediately, after the _________(THREE) beep, because she was expected her mother to call. But it wasn’t her. The voice on the other end of the line sounded familiar but Kim ________(NOT/CAN) remember who it belonged to.
“Hello,” the lady said.
“Can I speak to Mrs. Len?”
“I’m sorry but she’s not at home. She’s out. She _________(WALK) in the park.”
It was very cold out-of-doors and everything __________(COVER) in snow but Kim’s mother walked in all weathers. She believed that it __________(HELP) her keep fit and gave her extra energy. She actually looked younger than other _________(WOMAN) of her age and that was probably because of her walking.
“Can I take a message?” Kim asked politely.
“No. I _________(CALL) her later. When is she going to be back?”
“She normally __________(COME) home at five.”
“Fine,” came the answer and the phone went dead.
Kim felt a bit hurt. “It’s not polite to break off a conversation like that,” she thought to herself. If I _________(BE) older, I would explain to that lady how to talk to people politely.”

Anna was glad that the academic year was about to finish. Like most _________(CHILD) she was looking forward to the summer but not because she wanted to relax. Her plans _________(BE) ambitious. Anna wanted to buy a professional digital camera and it wasn’t easy to save enough money. Anna had already chosen the model she wanted. Her dad said that he _________(GIVE) her the camera in a couple of years. But Anna ___________(NOT/CAN) wait so long, she needed it right then. “If I _________(HAVE) it now, I would be able to take part in the Professional Photograph Competition. Everyone says I’ve got talent,” she said to herself, looking at the magazine where an article about the competition _________(PUBLISH). While she was reading the article for the _________(TWO) time, a brilliant idea came to her – why not take up a summer job as a photographer? She reached for the phone and dialed the number of the _________(LARGE) photography agency in the town. “Hello, can I help you?” the woman’s voice sounded encouraging and Anna _________(THINK) that she probably had a chance.

Bella was a good student. She _________(ENJOY) learning but she always started to feel very nervous when she had to write tests. That Monday ________(NOT/BE) a lucky day for her and she realised it as soon as she came into the classroom.
“Oh, no! I _________(LEAVE) all my pens at home.” She turned to Jenny: “Have you got a spare pen?”
“Let ______(I) see,” Jenny opened her bag and pulled out a pen. “I’ve got this one. But it’s green.”
“Give it to me anyway,” Bella said. “If I don’t find a proper pen, I ________(WRITE) in green ink. I hope it won’t affect my grades.”
When the teacher handed out the tests, Bella felt even ______(BAD) than she had felt before. The test was really long – the tasks _______(PRINT) on both sides of the page! Bella did the first task quickly, but the ______(TWO) one was a real problem. Bella got panicky. Time ticked on but she ________(NOT/CAN) concentrate on the tasks.

Linda was looking forward to her holidays. First of all, she _________FEEL_________ really tired from school and wanted to have a break. The _________TWO_________reason was that they were going to take a trip to the mountains. Linda enjoyed it very much when they went somewhere all together as a family. They _________NOT/DO_________ it very often since her parents were very busy people. Linda ________NOT/CAN__________ ski but the prospect didn’t scare her. She learnt everything very quickly, especially when her father taught ________SHE__________. He was the ________GOOD__________teacher in the world!
“I _________BUY_________ special sunglasses for skiing,” Linda boasted to her father. “Have a look! Nice, aren’t they?”
“They are,” he gave Linda a quick look and turned back to his computer. He ________PREPARE__________ a presentation or something else very important.
Linda could see diagrams on the screen. They _________DRAW_________ in different colours which made them look complicated.

Paul was going to be late for his morning class again. He ______NOT/UNDERSTAND_____ why it happened to him so often. This was going to be the ______THREE_____ time in one week and that was too much even for Mrs Pitt. She was the ______KIND______ teacher in the world but Paul wasn’t sure that she would forgive him again.
“If I don’t invent a very good excuse, she _____CALL_____ my parents.” Paul thought.
His parents ______NOT/BE_____ very strict people but they didn’t approve of Paul’s habit of playing computer games till late at night. As a result, he couldn’t make ______HE_______ get up in the morning and was regularly late for school. Paul quietly opened the door and ______GO____ into the classroom. His classmates _____WRITE_____ something in their notepads and didn’t pay any attention to him.
Mrs Pitt looked at him and said in a flat voice: “You are late again, Paul. What _________HAPPEN_________?”
Paul was not ready with an answer.

It was late at night but the light was on in Ted’s room. When I _________COME_________ in, he didn’t even turn to me. I looked at his monitor and realized that he ________SURF__________ the Internet for job vacancies.
“Why do you need a job?” I asked. “You _________EMPLOY_________ by Mr. Green only a week ago as far as I remember.”
“Yes, I was. I got a job of a waiter in his restaurant. But I _________LOSE_________ that job already. They said I was rude to a client.”
“Were you?” I was surprised since Ted was the _________PATIENT_________ and tolerant person I’d ever met.
“Yes, it was probably rude of ________I__________ to tell those ladies that I wouldn’t bring them anything else. Just imagine – they had changed their order three times! Each time they tried a dish, they _________NOT/LIKE_________ it. When they said that for the _________FOUR_________ time, I lost control. One of the _________WOMAN_________ called for the manager and complained.” Ted nervously turned back to his computer. “I didn’t like that job anyway.”

Emma lived in a big city and worked for a large company. Her days were usually very busy – she _________CAN_________ hardly find half an hour for lunch. However, at weekends she ________FEEL__________ bored and lonely. Emma had moved to the city because of her job. Only two months before she had thought she was the _________LUCKY_________ girl in the world. She had got a job most of her friends could only dream about. It was her _______ONE_______ full-time job. The company ________CALL__________ ‘Imagination’. They focused on Internet technologies. Emma _________NOT/KNOW_________ much about the Internet but her boss said that it didn’t matter. He also said that she _________BE_________ creative and had imagination and that was why she had a good chance of succeeding in the job. When Emma told her friend, Lucy Pitt, about the new job, Lucy said:
“I’m very happy that you _________FIND_________ a good job. But I also feel very sad about it because you’ll go to the city and will forget about your friends.”
“I wish we could always be together but it’s impossible,” Emma said. “I promise that I _________COME_________ to visit you as soon as I can.”

Kate called me early in the morning. It was the _________TWO_________ day of holidays; I felt angry with her for waking me up.
“What ________HAPPEN__________?” I didn’t sound very polite, but she paid no attention to that.
“Oh, nothing! I want to go shopping today and wondered if you wanted to go with _________I_________.”
“No, I don’t want to.”
“But it _________NOT/TAKE_________ you long! I promise.”
My first impulse was to say “no”-unlike most ________WOMAN__________ I hated shopping. But Kate sounded so unhappy that I felt sorry for her.
“Ok, what do you need to buy?”
Kate’s voice _________BECOME_________ cheerful again. She excitedly explained to me that she _________WANT_________ to buy a pair of hiking boots and a raincoat. That _________BE_________ strange as Kate had never been fond of hiking.
“I want to take up hiking as a new hobby,” went on Kate. “Bob Smith says that it’s very exciting.”
Now I knew what was going on. Bob Smith, the captain of the school baseball team, was the _________POPULAR_________ boy in our school. All the girls wanted to attract his attention.

When you look at this lovely house in the Welsh countryside, you may think it’s a picture from J.R.R. Tolkien’s book ‘The Hobbit’. In fact it’s a real house designed by a real person. When ____THEY_______ first son was born, Simon Dale’s wife, Jasmine, said: “I wish we ____LIVE_______ in the country. It would be so good for the baby”. However, they ____NOT/HAVE_____ enough money to buy or rent a house in the country so they decided to take matters into their own hands. The house ___BUILD____ by Simon himself, with a bit of help from his friends. The result is impressive. The home is made of natural materials, such as wood, stone and mud. It uses solar panels for energy and its water ___COME_____ from a nearby spring. It took Simon four months to complete his fairytale home. He managed to create a modern wooden eco-home – one of the ___WONDERFUL_____ houses you can imagine. Simon Dale said, “I ____START___ working on a new house of the same eco-style. My ____TWO_____ house will be smarter than the first one. My son ____BE______ five now and I hope to celebrate his tenth birthday in a new house.”

Stonehenge is an ancient monument in south-west England. For me, it’s the ______INTERESTING____ place I’ve ever visited. I clearly remember my ______ONE_______ visit to Stonehenge with my aunt and uncle. They lived nearby and I often _______GO______ to stay with them in my summer holidays. On the day of ______WE_____ trip the weather was fine. There ______BE______ a cool wind blowing, the sun was bright in the sky and Stonehenge looked calm and magical. In those days it was possible to walk among the stones and even touch them. It’s very different now. Stonehenge _____BECOME_______ more crowded than it was. As a result, now people _____ALLOW____ to walk around the monument but they can’t come up very close to it. Today I wish I ____HAVE____ an opportunity to get inside the circle again but unfortunately it is not possible any more. The Stonehenge mystery is still unexplained but I believe scientists _____SOLVE_______ it in the near future.

Mr. and Mrs. Wormwood were our neighbours. They had two _____CHILD_____. Their son Michael ______NOT/DIFFER____ from the other children very much, but their daughter Matilda was a brilliant child.
By the time she was five, Matilda was able to read very well. She studied every magazine and newspaper that she _____CAN_____ find around the house. Actually, she read _____WELL_____ than most school pupils. One afternoon when the parents were out of the house, Matilda put on _____SHE____ dress and shoes and went to the library. The librarian was surprised to see such a small child.
«Are you here for the ____ONE____ time? Would you like me to find a nice book with lots of pictures for you?» she asked.
«No, thank you, I _________FIND_________ what I need,» answered Matilda and pointed to a thick book of fairy tales. Then she added, “I ________COME__________ for a new book as soon as I finish this one”.
The librarian was really shocked when she saw Matilda only two days later.
“I wish all children _________LIKE_________ reading so much,” the librarian said. From that day on Matilda went to the library every afternoon.

Dana Miller was a bus driver in the city of Philadelphia. Her working hours _______BE______ from 10.00 pm till 6:00 am. It was a hard job and very few _____WOMAN_____ worked as bus drivers in those days but Dana loved her job very much. One of her regular passengers was a guitar player. Every Friday night he got on the bus carrying his guitar. The guitar _____MAKE______ of wood, not plastic and Dana liked the way it sounded.
“You should come to see our show,” the guitarist kept saying to Dana.
“I ______SEE______ it one day,” Dana promised each time, but she never said when exactly she ____GO______.
Another passenger who often used Dana’s bus was a Biscuit Lady. She worked at the biscuit factory and often ______GIVE______ Dana a small bag of biscuits. Dana _____NOT/LIKE______ sweets and pastries very much, but she could never resist those biscuits – they were so fresh and tasty.
“How was ______YOU_____ night?” Dana’s husband liked to ask her when she came home.
“Good music, good food and a great view of the city,” she cheerfully answered.
“I wish I ______ENJOY____ my work as much as you enjoy yours,” her husband said, “ but I’m going to have just another boring day at the office.”

Most adults miss their childhood. “Your school years are the _________GOOD_________ years of your life,” – have you ever heard that phrase? Just recently, while I was on my way to work, I started thinking back to my own school years. They probably were not trouble-free but there _________BE_________ many reasons for us to feel happy at school. One of them was spending every single day with friends. We ________NOT/GET__________ tired of being together. The ________TWO__________ one was uniform. Yes, in my opinion, the school uniform had more advantages than disadvantages. _________I_________ was dark green. It was unfashionable but comfortable. It _________MAKE_________ of natural materials. Besides, the uniform saved a lot of time in the mornings. Now it _________TAKE_________ me hours to decide what to wear. Another thing is that I don’t really like sport. But at school we _________PLAY_________ football, netball, hockey and so on. Sport was compulsory. Now I realise that this was a good thing! And of course there were… holidays! Christmas, Easter, half-term, and the jackpot – the summer holidays. I wish I ________HAVE__________ as much free time now.

Dad usually comes up with original ideas. Last Sunday Dad _________DECIDE_________ that we should all go on a camping trip. The idea came to him while he _________READ_________ an article about camping. The article said that camping brings families together.
“Not true”, I smiled. “What about television? It usually _________HELP_________ families to feel a lot more united.”
“If the weather is fine, we _________GO_________ on a trip next weekend,” Dad said and put his magazine on the coffee table.
I quickly looked over at my _________YOUNG_________ brother, Paul. He gave me a knowing smile, “Do you remember _________WE_________ last trip?” I certainly did. Last summer Dad told us that fishing would be a great family activity. We bought four expensive fishing rods and drove for three long hours to a big lake in Virginia. When we got there, we discovered that we ________FORGET__________ to take the fishing rods. Ten minutes later we made another unpleasant discovery: we _________NOT/HAVE_________ the tent which meant we couldn’t stay overnight and we had to drive all the way back home again. We _________BE_________ tired and disappointed with the trip.

It was Friday evening. Liz was looking forward to Saturday because it was her husband’s birthday. She had been preparing for this event for a long time. She had invited ________THEY__________ college friends and they were all coming from different cities. The best part was that Carlos, her husband, _________NOT/KNOW_________ anything about the arrangements. It was going to be a surprise. Liz _________MAKE_________ sandwiches when Carlos came into the kitchen.
“Look, darling,” he said, “I know it’s my birthday tomorrow but I don’t want to do anything special for it.”
Liz thought, “I wish I _________CAN_________ cancel the party but I can’t – it’s too late. The party will take place anyway and it will be the _________GOOD_________ party ever”.
When Carlos came home on Saturday, there ________BE__________ lots of people there. Carlos _________TELL________ them that he felt very happy to see them all and it was true! The guests enjoyed the dinner and then Liz brought in a cake. The cake __________DECORATE________ with chocolates and jellies, and it had as many candles as the number of years Carlos had reached that day. Carlos couldn’t blow them out on the _________ONE_________ try and his friends were delighted to help him.

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After school, I decided to go to university. I ________CHOOSE__________ St Andrews University in Scotland. At that time I ________NOT/KNOW__________ much about the University but when I arrived there, I liked it at once. Now I’m in my last year and I wish I _________CAN_________ stay here forever! St Andrews University is a truly special place. It _________BUILD_________ 600 years ago and it is one of the oldest universities in the English-speaking world. It has many traditions – for example, the ‘May Dip’. It is held on the ________ONE__________ of May every year. All the students run into the North Sea at sunrise to celebrate the coming of spring and for good luck! One of my classmates said that the tradition ________HELP__________ him to pass his exams last summer. For me the ‘May Dip’ was the _________COLD_________ experience of my life! Because the weather is famously cold, St Andrews students designed _________THEY_________ own uniform which consists of a warm jacket, jeans and boat shoes. The uniform _________MAKE_________ us all look the same, but it is the only way to keep warm!

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It was a cold January day in York, Pennsylvania. Dr. James turned on the television to check on the weather. The weatherman said that it was going to stay cold for several days. According to him, the roads _________BE_________ very dangerous because of the snow and ice and he strongly recommended staying at home if at all possible. Dr. James _________NOT/CAN_________ stay at home. He worked in a hospital and there were patients waiting for him there. He put on a sweater, jacket, gloves, boots and a hat, and opened his front door. Everything ________COVER__________ with snow. A cold wind blew inside. “Wow,” Dr. James said. “The weatherman was right! I wish I ________HAVE__________ a reindeer instead of my old car.” When Dr. James ________DRIVE__________ slowly to work, he saw an accident. He stopped and ________RUN__________ to the damaged car. There was a man and two ________CHILD__________ inside. “Is everyone okay?” Dr. James asked. “Yes, yes, we are fine,” answered the man. “I ________CALL__________ 911 already. They are coming to help ________WE__________. It looks like we won’t get to school today.”

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Martin was in a hurry as he had to be in the office as soon as possible. His boss _________NOT/LIKE_________ it when anyone missed the morning meetings and Martin had already been late several times that week. His boss had warned him: “If you are late again, you _________LOSE_________ your job.” Martin was afraid of losing his job. His colleagues were nice to him, the salary was good and he sometimes ________GO__________ on business trips abroad. It was actually the _________GOOD_________ job he had ever had. He ran out of the house, jumped into his car and backed up without looking. BOOM! There _________BE_________ a sound like someone hitting a drum. Martin had hit the car behind him.
“Oh, no!” Martin exclaimed.
Martin glanced at his watch. It was 7:18. He looked around. There were no _________POLICEMAN_________ on the street and he decided to drive off quickly. It took _________HE_________ 20 minutes to get to work. The boss was not around. “Thank goodness,” Martin said to himself and sat down at his desk to work. The boss arrived an hour later.
“Somebody hit my car and left without leaving a note,” he said angrily. “I wish I ________KNOW__________ who he was. My car was absolutely new! It _________BUY_________ only a week ago.”
Martin went up to the window, saw the car and understood that he would lose his job anyway.

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Tracey was very unhappy and scared. She was starting a new school.
“I _________NOT/WANT_________ to go to school today,” Tracey told her father.
“I understand, Tracey,” he said. “Starting a new school can be very difficult. But you have to.”
A month before _________THEY_________ family had moved to a new town and everything was still new and strange for Tracey. Dad smoothed Tracey’s hair down and _________GIVE_________ her a little hug,
“When your classes _________BE_________ over, I’ll pick you up, ok?”
When Tracey got to school and looked at the big building, she thought, “I wish I _________CAN_________ run away,” but she knew it was impossible. She took a deep breath and walked up the steps to school. She went straight into her _________FIVE_________ grade classroom.
“That must be Tracey,” “Hello, Tracey!”, “Welcome, Tracey!” the _________CHILD_________ in the room welcomed her.
Everyone seemed friendly and Tracey felt a little _________GOOD_________.
The father picked her up after school.
“How was your day?” he asked. To his surprise Tracey answered that she _________LIKE_________ her new school.
“You are a brave girl,” her father said. “I’m proud of you.”

Прочитайте приведённый ниже текст. Преобразуйте слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами 18––26, так, чтобы они грамматически соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию 18––26.

Jane liked going to the park with her mum. One day when they were there, she said, “There is so much rubbish on the ground.” They looked around. There were old ____BOX______, waste paper and cans on the ground. Several benches _____BREAK_______. “You are right,” her mum said. “I wish people ___CARE_____ about the environment more.” “I do care about it but I ______NOT/KNOW______ what I can do to help the park,” said Jane. Jane and her mum went home. In the evening she painted a picture of the park. At the top of the picture she _____WRITE______ “PLEASE KEEP ME CLEAN”. The next day Jane and her mum went to the park ______EARLY______ than usual. Jane taped her picture onto a big rubbish bin and started picking up rubbish. Some children ran over to see what was going on. They decided to help Jane. Soon all the rubbish was in the bags. “Good job,” Jane said, “We _____CLEAN______ half of the park. If we come and complete the other part tomorrow, the whole park ______BE_______ clean and tidy. I hope people won’t throw _____THEY____ rubbish here any more.”

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It was an early morning. Ben jumped out of his bed as soon as the ______ONE_____ rays of sun came into the room. He grabbed his backpack and started to pack. Ben put in some of his favourite things to take with _____HE______ on the trip to Grandpa’s. He put in his favourite book, his kite and his teddy bear. Soon everything ______PACK_______ and he started to get dressed. Visiting Grandpa had always been the ______GOOD_______ part of his summer vacation. Together, they went fishing and watched football matches. Ben’s granddad ___TEACH____ him how to repair bikes and other things. Ben’s mum entered his room.
“Grandpa’s here,” she said with a smile. Ben told her that he ______BE_______ ready to go. He grabbed his backpack and ran into the kitchen where Grandpa ______DRINK______ his tea.
“Ready, big guy?” asked Grandpa. “Will you have breakfast before we leave?”
“No, I _____NOT/BE_____ hungry”, Ben answered, “I’ll have breakfast at your place. Grandma ______COOK______ something nice for me, hasn’t she?”

Прочитайте приведённый ниже текст. Преобразуйте слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами 18––26, так, чтобы они грамматически соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию 18––26.

I was sitting in an arm-chair and watching my sister Alison. She was getting ready for a party. Alison was 15 years _____OLD_____ than me and she always treated me like a child. Alison took her jewellery box from the table. The box ______MAKE_____ of wood and had colourful stones on the top.
“You know you must never touch it, right?” Alison said.
“If the box was mine, I _____ALLOW_____ you to touch it whenever you wanted,” I answered. Alison said nothing to that.
When she put on her jewelry, she looked like a princess. She moved gracefully as if her ____FOOT______ didn’t touch the ground. Alison kissed me goodnight and left. I tried to resist my curiosity but I ____NOT/CAN______. I opened the box. There ______BE_____ lots of rings, ear-rings, bracelets and necklaces inside. I got them all out. The ____ONE______ piece of jewelry I tried on was a silver necklace. After that I lost track of time. Suddenly I _____SEE_____ Alison. She was standing at the doorway and looking at me angrily. I _____NOT/KNOW____ what to say. Many years have passed since that night. Now I am a designer – I create clothes and accessories. My sister likes my work very much.

Прочитайте приведённый ниже текст. Преобразуйте слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами 18––26, так, чтобы они грамматически соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию 18––26.

The phone rang in Clark Taylor’s house at nearly three in the morning. He answered it only after the ______FIVE____ ring.
“Hello,” Clark said in a sleepy voice.
“Mr. Taylor. Thank goodness. I need your help.”
Clark definitely _____KNOW____ the voice. However, he was sleepy and ____NOT/CAN____ remember who it was.
“Mr. Taylor!” the man said. “I am in trouble. The police allowed me only one phone call. And I am calling you.”
Then, the fog cleared. Although nearly ten years had passed since ____THEY_____ last meeting, Clark was able to recognise the voice. It belonged to Martin Hall, one of the _____BRIGHT____ math students he had ever had.
“Martin, what’s happened? Where are you? ” Clark asked.
“In the police station. I ____ARREST____ at the railway station two hours ago. I was going to a conference. The police mistook me for another person. The irony is that I really do look like the criminal that they are looking for. Besides that, I _____LOSE_____ my ID card and I can’t prove who I am. You are the only person in this town who knows me. Can you help me?” Martin Hall asked.
“If you give me the address, I _____COME_____ at once,” Clark said, jumping up of the bed. It was not difficult for him to prove that Martin Hall was his former student. Clark brought a scientific journal with Martin’s article and a photo of him. The _____POLICEMAN____ were surprised to find out that their prisoner was a capable young scientist.

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By today’s standards, my mobile phone is pretty basic. It’s a Nokia. It’s a small device that receives telephone calls and sends text messages. Other than that, my phone _________NOT/DO_________ much. Most of my friends wish they _________HAVE_________ smartphones because they are cool and trendy. They say the _________GOOD_________ thing about a smartphone is that you ‘can do everything with it!’ That’s right, smartphones have many more functions than a simple phone, however, not all of them are needed. In everyday life, smartphones _________USE_________ mainly for checking social networking sites, replying to emails, and playing games. Grown-ups as well as ________CHILD__________ like playing games. Anyway, I prefer my good old Nokia. It’s my ________ONE__________ mobile phone. When I bought it, it didn’t cost _________I_________ very much. And I am not afraid anyone will ever steal it. It’s also very reliable. Yesterday I dropped it. It _________FLY_________ down the staircase and hit the wall. I thought that _________BE_________ the end of it and I would have to buy a new one. But nothing of the kind – it still works properly!

Help me with grammar tenses, pls

Модератор: zymbronia

Сообщение Chulok » 25 апр 2021, 14:50

Hi! Could you help me with my assignment?

Test 2.
We`ve never met. At last she has done everything; now she can go to bed. Last year he line in the very centre of the city. I’ve already visited the Hermitage, now I want to go to the Russian Museum. I spoke to the dean during the break. My aunt is staying with us this week. The tourists are arriving here this week. Their frinds lived in Crimea last year. My little child has been ill since summer. She missed a lot of classes of French last year. The sun is rising in the East. He isn’t working, he’s watching the TV programme. Why are you speaking so fast? You`re making a lot of mistakes. Who are you waiting for? I’m waiting for Ann, we must leave in ten minutes. Where is Tom? – I don’t know, I haven’t seen him today. Have you had dinner yet? She went to Italy five years ago. Tell mother we aren’t coming back soon. I’ll talk to him about it if I see him today.

The rain will soak us to the skin unless we take our raincoats with us.
Please, ring me up as soon as you land.
He must join us tomorrow; ask him when he is coming.
She promised to come tonight. Please try to find out if she has already left home.
I should like to accompany you in case of emergency
We’d better stay at home if it’s overcast.
Tell me when your boss is available.

Сборник грамматических упражнений (стр. 5 )

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Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense: the present perfect or the present perfect progressive.

1. Peter: You (telephone) for ages. You not nearly (finish)?

Jack: I (not get) through yet. I (try) to get out Paris office but the line (be) engaged all morning.

2. Ann (fail) her driving test three times because she’s so bad at reversing. But she (practice) reversing for the last week and I think she (get) a bit better at it.

3. Tom: I often (wonder) why Bill left the country so suddenly.

Peter: Actually, I just (find) out.

4. He (play) the bagpipes since six o’clock this morning. He only just (stop).

5. Tom (looking up absent-mindedly as Mary comes in): You (sunbathe)?

Mary (crossly): Don’t be ridiculous! It (rain) all day!

6. A pair of robins (build) a nest in the porch since last week. I (Watch them from my window since they began.

8. The police (not find) the murderer yet, but the dead man’s brother (be) in the station all day. The police say that he (help) them with their enquiries.

9. They (pull) down most of the houses in this street, but they (not touch) the old shop at the corner yet.

10. Tom is convinced that there is gold in these hills but we *search) for six months and (not see) any sign of it.

11. I (wait) for the prices of the houses to come down before buying a house, but I think I (wait) too long and the prices are beginning to go up again.

12. Peter (be) a junior clerk for three years. Lately he (look) for a better post but so far he (not find) anything.

14. I just (pick) ten pounds of strawberries! I (grow) strawberries for years but I never (have) such a good crop before.

19. He works for Crow Brothers for forty years and never once (be) late. The firm just (present) him with a gold watch as a sign of their appreciation.

20. We (mend) sheets all morning but we only (do) three, and now the sewing machine (break) down so we’ll be even slower with the next one.

21. George (collect) matchboxes aver since he left school. Now he (collect) so many that e doesn’t know where to put them.

22. I (look) through my old photograph album. It’s full of photographs of people whose names I completely (forget). I wonder what (happen) to them all.

23. It was lovely at eleven o’clock, but since then the sky (get) steadily darker and the wind (rise). I’m afraid the fine spell (come) to an end.

24. Since he became Mayor, my brother reckons that he (eat) 30 official lunches and 22 official dinners, and he (lose) count of the number of receptions and parties that he (attend).-He (put) on a lot of weight?

25. Secretary: Customers (ring) up all morning complaining about getting incorrect bills.

Manager: I know; something (go) wrong with our computer. The mechanic (work) on it. I hope he (find) out what is wrong.

Put the verbs in brackets into the past simple, present perfect or the present perfect progressive.

Andrew and Michael, two friends, are talking.

Hello, I haven’t seen (not see) you for ages.

No, it must be about two years since we last (meet). What (you/do) with yourself?

I (do) all sorts of things. Life (be) very busy lately. I (start) a new job at the sailing centre.

Really? Doing what?

I (teach) beginners’ courses to school groups this term but when those (finish), I’ll be teaching more advanced groups on holiday courses.

That sounds great. What about your old job at the tourist office then?

Well, I (work) there for ten years and I quite (enjoy) the job but I (want) to do something different. I (always/enjoy) sailing in my spare time so I (think) it would be nice to do it for a job.

So how long (you/be) at the sailing centre?

For about two months now. I’m sure I (do) the right thing. It’s a really enjoyable job. And what about you?

Well, I’m still at the Rembrandt Hotel. I (work) there for fifteen years now. But I (have) a promotion, so that’s good. They (give) me the job of head receptionist.

Oh, that’s good news.

So when (you/get) the new job?

A month ago, after (pass) my intermediate exams in Spanish and German at the college. Did you know I (do) language evening classes at the college for a while now?

No, I didn’t realise.

Yes, I (decide) that I (cannot get) any further at work without learning some languages.

And so you did! What a good idea.

Section VI. Past Perfect Progressive

Chart 16. PAST PERFECT PROGRESSIVE

i) The police had been looking for the criminal for two years before they caught him.

j) The patient had been waiting in the emergency room for almost an hour before a doctor finally treated her.

k) He finally came at six o’clock. I had been waiting for him since four-thirty

The past perfect progressive emphasises the duration of an activity that was in progress before another activity or time in the past.

l) When Judy got home, her hair was still wet because she had been swimming.

m) Her eyes were red because she had been crying.

This tense also may express an activity in progress recent to another time or activity in the past.

Exercise 47

Put the verbs in brackets into the past simple, past perfect and past perfect progressive.

He (place)a picture on the easel and (let) me look at it for a minute or two; then he (take) it down and (put) another in its place. He (show) me about thirty canvases. It (be) the result of the six years during which he (paint).He never (sell) a picture. The canvases (be) of different sizes. The smaller (be) pictures of still-life and the largest (be) the landscapes. There (be) about half a dozen portraits.

Put the verbs in brackets into the past simple, past progressive, past perfect and past perfect progressive.

1. She (take) the package from me and (sit) down on the floor to open it. His eyes (smile) now. She (lift) out the doll and (look) at me. «It’s very pretty,» she (say).

2. There (be) only one sound to be heard in the street, but no sooner Mr. Manning (hear) it than he (quicken) his pace at once.

3. She (turn) the light back on, (lie) on the sofa and (take) up the book she (read).

4. For a moment after the door (close) softly behind their son, Mr. Tarantino and Mrs. Tarantino merely (stand) and (look) at each other.

5 He (let) the edge of the blind fall and, stepping down from the bench on which he (stand) (walk) out of the room.

6. We (sit) around silently for a moment, each trying to think of some possibility we (overlook).

7. His secretary (take) the paper from the table where he (put) it, and (go) out.

8. It (be) near midnight when they (come) in from dinner, still laughing at something he (say) in the dining-room.

9. There (be) a silence. Andrew (sit) still for a moment. The situation (be) worse even that he (imagine).

10. Lester (sit) down in his easy-chair by the window after his brother (go) and (gaze) ruminantly out over the flourishing city.

11. She (get) to her feet, (slip) into her coat, and (go) to the door, when she (open) it, she (look) back at her mother.

12. Irene (stand) by the piano, she (take) off her hat and a lace scarf she (wear), so that her gold-coloured hair (be) visible.

13. We (shake) hands. I (feel) so shy that I could think of nothing to say, but Mrs. Manning (come) to my rescue. She (ask) me what I (do) with myself during the summer, and with this help I (manage) to make some conversation.

14. It (be) two o’clock. Eliza (be) suddenly thoroughly awake. She (sit) up in her bed and (circle) her knees with her arms. It (rain), the way it (rain) for days.

15. When Fleur and her father (go) up, Michael (light) a cigarette and (pass) back into the «parlour». He (sit) down at the clavicord.

16. John (be) happier than he (be) since he (land) in the New World three and a half years ago.

17. At this moment the curtain (go) up again. Since Laurie Anderson (not appear), Soames (be) obliged to keep awake.

18. When he (reach) Andrew, whom he (see) half way down the street, he (give) a theatrical start of recognition.

19. Sue (look) at me with those pleasant eyes of hers, which (be) as sympathetic as they (be) more than twenty years before.

20. They (gallop) back along the track. The sun (go) down even faster than he (think), the air (grow) cold, the light grey.

21. In his turn Jolyon (look) back at his son. He (want) to talk about many things that he (be) unable to talk about all these years.

22. The teacher (rise) from her seat and (go) among the children, helping them with gentle words and telling them the mistakes they (make).

23. They (drink) hot coffee from the thermos Sandy (bring).

24. She (be) at the station after all, standing just as he (imagine), apart from the others.

25. When she (finish) her simple tale, for she hardly (be) away from home, there (be) silence, till John (say): «It’s half past seven only.»

26. He just (finish) his work and with a mild sense of achievement (write) the label when the surgery bell (ring), the outer door (swing) open, and a short, powerfully thickest red-faced man of thirty (stroll) in, followed by a dog.

27. That evening Denny (arrive) as he (promise), for supper. He (bring) a message from Hope, who (ring) him from Cambridge, to say that he (be) unable to get to London that evening.

Put the verbs in brackets into the past simple and past perfect progressive.

1. Jack (clench) the pencil he (use).

2. He (know) from the redness of her eyes, there (be) times she (cry).

3. Turning away, Gwen (move) to close the cupboard Demerest (look) into.

4. Through the open window he could see the chair where Eliza (sit) the previous night.

5. He (look) up again after Mr. Oakroyd (stand) there a minute of two.

6. He (sit) down opposite her and (lift) the large glass of tomato juice out of the ice in which it (rest).

7. So he (listen) graciously when Mrs. Manning (venture) to put the question which (revolve) in her mind all the afternoon.

8. Carefully she (close) the magazine, turning down the corner of the page that she (read).

Put the verbs in brackets into the past simple, past progressive and past perfect progressive.

1. That evening, that Monday evening, I (get) a phone call when I (eat) dinner at the club.

2. My sister’s birthday (be) the only thing anybody (talk) at home for the last two weeks.

3. I (go) back to the hotel and up to my room, where I (expect) my parents at six-thirty.

4. Presently he (turn) to greet her, who (stand) at his elbow.

5. Scarlett, who (fan) herself with a turkey-tail fan, (stop) abruptly.

6. He just (leave) for the airport when Dip (call).

8. At nine in the morning she (stand) on the steps in front of the hotel, shivering in a linen dress.

9. He (not say) where he (sleep) and (have) the appearance of not having slept at all.

Put the verbs in brackets into the past simple, past progressive, past perfect and past perfect progressive.

1. He (leave) a message that he (call).

2. A young man who (stand) on the pavement (come) forward.

3. She (meet) her daughter’s eyes, but (seem) not to hear what she (say).

4. A young man at whose feet she (sit), (rise) and (stand) before Michael.

5. He again (come) to the village where he (live) in childhood.

6. They (be) silent a moment. She (wait) for him to speak.

7. James (return) to the book he (read) when his parents (enter).

8. The town (be) not large, but he (not be) sorry he (come) here.

9. Michael (go) back into the drawing-room. Fleur (stand) near the window.

10. I (try) to remember what I (do) during that time.

11. When their visitor (leave) John and his mother (stand) without speaking.

12. When he (dress) he (go) downstairs, (write) a long letter to his parents and another to his sister.

13. «You are welcome,» she (say) and (walk) back to where she (sit) with her little son.

14. When he (come) home, he (see) that something (happen) to his daughter.

15. While he (read) this notice a middle-aged woman (appear) in the doorway.

16. She (sit) at the table only five minutes when a car (come).

17. Their father (be) still silent, even when they (have) coffee.

18. Eighteen years (go) since he first (go) into this house.

19. John (wait) until Eliza and her brothers (go).

20. The three (sit) down to the meal that Susan (prepare).

21. I (not be) here ten minutes before they (come) in.

Put the verbs in brackets into the past simple, past perfect and past perfect progressive.

1. He (give) me back the book, (thank) me for lending it to him and (say) that he (enjoy) it very much; but I (know) that he (not read) it because most of the pages (be) still uncut.

2. When he (see) his wife off at the station, he (return) home as he (not have) to be at the airport till 9:30.

3. He (not have) to pack, for his wife already (do) that for him and his case (be) ready in the hall.

4. He (not have) to check the doors and windows either, for his wife always (do) that before she (leave) the house.

5. All he (have) to do (be) to decide whether or not to take his overcoat with him. In the end he (decide) not to.

6. At 8:30 he (pick) up his case, (go) out of the house and (slam) the door behind him.

7. Then he (feel) in his pockets for the key, his wife (remind) him to double-lock the front door.

8. When he (search) all his pockets and (find) no key he (remember) where it (be).

9. He (leave) it in his overcoat pocket.

10. Then he (remember) something else; his passport and tickets (be) in his overcoat pocket as well.

11. I (arrive) in England in the middle of July. I (be told) that England (be) shrouded in fog all year round, so I (be) quite surprised to find that it was merely raining.

12. I (ask) another passenger, an Englishman, about the fog and he (say) that there (not be) any fog since the previous February.

13. If I (want) fog, he said, I (come) at quite the wrong time.

14. However, he (tell) me that I could buy tinned fog at a shop in Shaftesbury Avenue.

15. He (admit) that he never (buy) fog there himself but (assure) me that they (sell) good quality fog and that it (not be) expensive. I suppose he was joking.

16. When the old lady (return) to her flat she (see) at once that burglars (break) in during her absence, because the front door (be) open and everything in the flat (be) upside down.

17. The burglars themselves (be) no longer there, but they probably only just (leave) because a cigarette was still burning on an ornamental table.

18. Probably they (hear) the lift coming up and (run) down the fire escape.

19. They (help) themselves to her whisky too but there (be) a little left, so she (pour) herself out a drink.

20. She (wonder) if they (find) her jewellery and rather (hope) that they had.

21. The jewellery (be given) her by her husband, who (die) some years before.

22. Since his death she (not have) the heart to wear it, yet she (not like) to sell it.

23. Now it (seem) that fate (take) the matter out of her hands, and certainly the insurance money would come in handy.

25. A woman (come) in with a baby, who she (say) just (swallow) a safety pin.

26. I (think) my train (leave) at 14:33, and (be) very disappointed when I (arrive) at 14:30 and (learn) that it just (leave).

27. I (find) later that I (use) an out-of-date timetable.

28. He (park) his car under a No Parking sign and (rush) into the shop. When he (come) out of the shop ten minutes later his car (be) no longer there.

29. He (wonder) if someone (steal) it or if the police (drive) it away.

30. It (be) now 6 p. m.; and Jack (be) tired because he (work) hard all day.

31. He (be) also hungry because he (have) nothing to eat since breakfast.

32. His wife usually (bring) him sandwiches at lunch time, but today for some reason she (not come).

33. He (keep) looking at her, wondering where he (see) her before.

34. I (look) out before I (go) to bed and (see) a man standing on the opposite pavement watching the house.

35. When I (get up) the following morning he (be) still there, and I (wonder) whether he (stay) there all night or of he (go) away and (come) back.

Section VII. Future Forms

Future with will

This is also referred to as the future simple or simple future tense.

will (‘ll) + bare infinitive: I will (I’ll) go, etc.

Short form of will not: won’t

· To make a statement of fact or a prediction about the future: Mary will be here tomorrow. Tonight’s programme will be very interesting.

· To make formal announcements of future plans and to present weather forecasts. It is therefore often used in newspapers and on the television and radio.

The new President will move into the White House tomorrow. Rain will continue throughout the day.

· To express hopes, expectations, thoughts about the future. Used after verbs like: assume, believe, doubt, expect, hope, reckon, suppose, think an6 be sure/afraid and with adverbs like perhaps, possibly, probably, definitely.

I expect they’ll be here soon.

Do you think she’ll bring her boyfriend with her?

· In sentences containing clauses of condition or time: //» / get that job, I’ll go out and celebrate. I’ll phone you when I get there.

· To express an intention when the decision is made at the time of speaking.

a: There isn’t any milk left. a: Oh, isn’t there? I’ll get some in town. I’m going there later on.

· To express the idea of willingness:

I’ll do it for you, I promise, (promise)

Will you open the window, please? (request)

I’ll look after the children for you. (offer)

He won’t come with me. (refusal)

Yes. I’ll come with you. (agreement)

I’ll definitely tell him the truth this time. (determination)

· To make offers or suggestions or to ask for suggestions, advice. instructions.

Use Shall I/we. in the Question form.

Shall I help you with that? (offer)

Shall we invite them round for dinner? (suggestion)

Shall we come round after dinner?

Note The use of shall

· In spoken English. shall is most often used in the question form with I or we to make offers or suggestions or to ask for suggestions, advice, instructions.

Shall I come with you?

What shall we do tomorrow?

· Shall is occasionally used to express strong determination about oneself or someone else.

I don’t care what you think.

I shan’t let him bello me.

You shall have whatever you want.

· Shall can be used in the same way as will in the first person but will is more common.

In spoken English, the contraction ‘ll is the most common. Shall is used more frequently in formal written English than in informal written or spoken English.

We shall make every effort to answer your enquiry as soon as possible.

I shall be at the airport to meet you in person.

Exercise 53

Complete the following sentences with will/’ll or shall/’ll and a verb from the box.

Offer make tell have buy drop wash announce receive be sentenced phone carry be invite go

1. I’m sorry about losing that book. I’ll buy you another one next week.

2. I one of those cases for you.

15. I’m determined that he everything he wants.

Put the verbs in brackets into the future simple. Watch the use of the future simple tense.

1. I (know) the result in a week.

2. You (be) in Rome tonight.

3. You (have) time to help me tomorrow? 4.

Do you think that he (recognise) me?

5. I hope I (find) it.

6. I (remember) this day all my life.

7. Perhaps he (arrive) in time for lunch.

8. I am sure that you (like) our new house.

9. I hope he (remember) to buy bread.

10. I wonder how many of us still (be) here next year.

11. Jack (be) twenty years old next week.

12. I (get) up early tomorrow.

13. The mother (take) her baby to the doctor tomorrow.

14. We (have) a holiday next week.

15. Mary and her sister (wear) their new dresses tomorrow.

16. I (do) my homework this evening.

17. She (stay) at home tomorrow.

18. I (see) my mother this evening.

19. Where the children (go) in the summer holiday? — They (go) to the seaside.

20. They (stay) with us next Christmas.

a) According to the weather report, it will be cloudy tomorrow.

b) According to the weather report, it is going to be cloudy tomorrow.

c) Be careful! You’ll hurt yourself!

d) Watch out! You’re going to hurt yourself!

When the speaker is making a prediction (a statement about something s/he thinks will be true or will occur in the future,), either will or be going to is possible.

There is no difference in meaning between (a) and (b).

There is no difference in meaning between (c ) and (d).

e) A: Why did you buy this paint?

B: I’m going to paint my bedroom tomorrow.

f) I talked to Bob yesterday. He is tired of taking the bus to work. He is going to buy a car. That’s what he told me.

When the speaker is expressing a prior plan (something the speaker intends to do in the future because in the past s/he has made a plan or decision to do it), only be going to is used.*

In (f): The speaker knows Bob’s intention to buy a car. Bob made the decision in the past and he intends to act on this decision in the future. Will is not appropriate in (e) and (f).

g) A: The phone’s ringing.

h) A: I don’t understand this problem.

B: Ask your teacher about it. She’ll help you.

In (g): B. is saying: «I am willing, I am happy to get the phone.» He is not making a prediction. He has made no prior plan to answer the phone. He is, instead, volunteering to answer the phone and uses will to show his willingness.

In (h): B. feels sure about the teacher’s willingness to help.

Be going to is not appropriate in (g) and (h).

Situation 1: A: Are you busy this evening?

B: Yes. I’m going to meet Jack at the library at seven We’re going to study together.

In situation 1, only be going to is possible. The speaker has a prior plan, so he uses be going to.

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He looked at closed door was made of wood

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