How long your present job

Jane and Robert are at Liverpool Station in London. Robert wants to interview some Polish students who are leaving England after a short visit.

Robert: And a crowd of youngsters. It must be them. 2

Jane: Well, let’s find out.

Robert: Excuse me, are you the Polish students who’ve been visiting England?

Zbyszek: Yes, that’s right.

Robert: I’m a reporter from the Daily Sentinel. I wonder whether you’d like to tell me something about your visit. Were you invited by the National Union of Students? 3

Zbyszek: Yes, we were.

Robert: How long have you been here?

Zbyszek: Since last Monday.

Robert: And what have you seen during your visit?

Zbyszek: Oh, we’ve been to so many places, I really don’t know where to begin. 4 First we visited Cambridge, 5 then Oxford and Stratford-on-Avon, 6 of course.

Robert: Did you manage to get to the theatre while you were in Stratford-on-Avon?

Zbyszek: Oh yes, we saw Twelfth Night. 7

Barbara: And in London we went to the Old Vic. 8 It was marvellous!

Robert: It’s a pity you’ve had such bad weather. It’s been raining almost every day since you arrived.

Zbyszek: That didn’t really matter. After all, we expected rain when we come to England and we were quite disappointed we had no fog.

Robert: You’ll have to come again one winter if you want to see a real London fog.

Barbara: We’d love to come again. 9 We’ve had such a wonderful time 10 and everyone’s been so kind to us.

Robert: Well, what did you like best in England?

Barbara: The underground. It’s terrific!

Robert: And what about you Mr. er. 11

Zbyszek: Karlowicz. Zbyszek Karlowicz.

Robert: What did you like best?

Zbyszek: The Jodrell Bank 12 telescope. I’m studying astronomy, you see.

Robert: Now, if it isn’t too indiscreet a question, may I ask you what you disliked most?

Zbyszek: But really, we enjoyed everything. 13

Robert: Nonsense! There must have been something you didn’t like. Apart from the weather of course.

Barbara: There was just one thing, you know. Being woken every morning at seven with a horribly strong cup of tea with milk. 14

Robert: I’m glad it wasn’t anything worse.

Zbyszek: The train will be leaving in a moment. I’m afraid we have to say good-bye to the rest of our group now. But Barbara here and I are staying a little longer, so we’ll tell you more about our visit later.

Примечание: используйте сноски при открытой вкладке ПОЯСНЕНИЯ

ВЫБРАННЫЕ ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИЯ

Эти предложения кратко излагают беседу Роберта со Збышком.

There’s the platform for the Hook of Holland train.
Excuse me.
Are you the Polish students who have been visiting England?
Yes, that’s right.
How long have you been here?
Since last Monday.
And what have you seen during your visit?
We’ve been to so many places.
We visited Oxford and Cambridge and Stratford-on-Avon.

ПОЯСНЕНИЯ

1 the Hook of Holland train поезд до голландского порта Hoek van Holland.
Поезд идёт до английского порта Харидж (по английски Harwich [hærydʒ]), где пассажиры садятся на пароход, идущий в порт Hoek van Holland. Оттуда прямым поездом можно доехать до Варшавы и Москвы.
2 It must be them. Это должно быть они.
3 National Union of Students самая большая студенческая организация в Великобритании
4 where to begin здесь: с чего начать (рассказ)
5 Cambridge, Oxford города, в которых находятся два старейших университета, известных во всём мире
6 Stratford-on-Avon — город, в котором родился Вильям Шекспир (1564—1616). В настоящее время Стратфорд представляет собой город-музей, связанный с именем Шекспира. В театре, расположенном на берегу реки Эйвон, каждое лето организуются фестивали пьес Шекспира.
7 Twelfth Night — комедия Шекспира, шедшая в Советском Союзе под названием „Двенадцатая ночь”.
8 The Old Viс — название одного из лучших лондонских театров, в котором часто идут пьесы Шекспира.
9 We’d love to come again. Мы с большим удовольствием приехали бы сюда снова.
10 We’ve had such a wonderful time — мы так чудесно провели время
11 Mr. er. — Роберт не знает фамилии собеседника, поэтому он в нерешительности. В английском языке, так же как и в русском, при обращении к кому-либо часто употребляется фамилия собеседника.
12 The Jodrell Bank telescope — телескоп в местности Джодрелл Банк. Речь идёт об одном из самых больших радиотелескопов мира.
13 we enjoyed everything нам всё понравилось.
14 a horribly strong cup of tea with milk чашка ужасно крепкого чая с молоком. В Англии чай пьют, как правило, с молоком, а сам чай очень крепкий, почти как заварка. Барбара имеет в виду английский обычай будить гостей рано утром и подавать им чашку чая в кровать.

ГРАММАТИЧЕСКИЙ КОММЕНТАРИЙ

Времена: Present Perfect и Past Simple

1. В сценке 17 приводятся примеры, иллюстрирующие разницу в употреблении Present Perfect и Past Simple. О времени Present Perfect говорилось в комментарии к сценке 3, а о Simple Past в комментарии к сценке 5 и 7.

Эти два времени отличаются между собой тем, что Present Perfect употребляем тогда, когда говорим о действиях, начавшихся в прошлом и всё ещё продолжающихся в настоящее время, или же когда результат этих действий существует к моменту речи. Время Simple Past используем тогда, когда говорим о прошлых событиях, не связывая их с настоящим.
Начнём с времени: Present Perfect:

How long have you been here?
Как давно вы здесь?

Те, которых спрашивают, ещё в Англии. Поэтому употребляется здесь Present Perfect.

В ответ на этот вопрос время определяется выражением, начинающимся с since:

Since last Monday.

Рассказывая о своём пребывании в Англии, польские студенты употребляют эти два времени, в зависимости от того, как они рассматривают данное действие. Например, несколько предложений, действия которых происходили в прошлом и продолжаются в настоящий момент:

Are you the Polish students who’ve been visiting England?
It’s a pity you’ve had such bad weather.
We’ve had such a wonderful time and everyone’s been so kind to us.

Несколько предложений с результатом действия, существующем в данный момент:

What have you seen during your visit?
We’ve been to so many places.

Смотрите: Совершенное время (The Perfect Tenses)

Когда же говорящий вспоминает о том, что произошло в определённый момент в прошлом, без связи с настоящим, то использует время Simple Past. Сказав: We’ve been to so many places — Збышек начинает перечислять, что он делал во время пребывания в Англии; каждое событие он относит к прошлому.
Например:

First we visited Cambridge.

Следующий вопрос также касается прошлого события. На это указывает придаточное предложение времени:

Did you manage to get to the theatre while you were in Stratford?

Ответ на этот вопрос естественно в Simple Past:

Oh, yes, we saw Twelfth Night.

О дальнейших событиях рассказывают также в Simple Past:

And in London we went to the Old Vic.
We expected rain when we came to England.

УПРАЖНЕНИЯ

I. Ответьте на вопрос, как это показано в первом предложении, и используйте обстоятельства времени, приведённые в скобках:
1. Have you ever been in England? Yes, I have. I was in England last year.
2. Have the Polish students visited Oxford? (yesterday)
3. Has Jim got a driving licence? (three days ago)
4. Have the Browns met Robert Simpson? (two weeks ago)
5. Has Mrs. Jones found a job? (ten days ago)
6. Have you seen that new French film at the Atlantic (last night)
7. Has Harry dug up the rhododendron roots? (yesterday)
8. Has the plumber come? (ten minutes ago).

II. Ответьте на следующие вопросы:
1. How long have you been learning English?
2. When did you begin to learn English?
3. When did you start your present job?
4. How long have you had your present job?
5. How long have you lived at your present address?
6. When did you move to your present address?
7. How long have you had a record-player?
8. When did you get your record-player?

Ответы к упражнениям

Упражнение I.
1. Yes, I have. I was in England last year.
2. Yes, they have. They visited Oxford yesterday.
3. Yes, he has. He got it three days ago.
4. Yes, they have. They met him two weeks ago.
5. Yes, she has. She found it ten days ago.
6. Yes, I have. I saw it last night.
7. Yes, he has. He dug them up yesterday.
8. Yes, he has. He came ten minutes ago.

Упражнение II.
1. I have been learning English for two years.
2. I began to learn English two years ago.
3. I have had my present job for five years.
4. I started my present job five years ago.
5. I have lived at my present address for six months.
6. I moved to my present address six months ago.
7. I have had a record player since last October.
8. I got my record player in October.

Упражнение III.
1. I don’t know where to go.
2. I don’t know what to tell you.
3. I don’t know how to explain.
4. I don’t know who to apply to.
5. I don’t know whether to invite them.
6. I don’t know when to stop.

Упражнение IV.
1. It’s a pity you’ve lost the tickets.
2. Its a pity we don’t know the Greens.
3. It’s a pity he didn’t wait for us.
4. It’s a pity they can’t come.
5. It’s a pity I must go now.
6. It’s a pity it won’t work.

B Well, have been working with computers since 2004 when Igot a job in Edinburgh. \n

A; How long\u00a0did you live in Edinburgh? \n

B; I lived there for two years. In 2006 I moved to Munich where I worked in a bank. I liked Munich but wanted to be near my family so I\u00a0came back to London and I\u00a0have been living here for the last three years. \n

A; How long have you worked in your present job? \n

B; I have been working in this company for three years now. \n

A; Is it a problem for you to move to Cardiff for this job? \n

B; Well, my parents\u00a0bought a house in Cardiff last year so that isn’t a problem. I’m happy to move here. \n

Write sentences with the same meaning Use the words in brackets. Write 2-5 words. \n

1. I arrived in China last Thursday \n

I’ve been\u00a0 in China since last Thursday \n

2. It is 2010. She first lived here in 2005 \n

She\u00a0has been living here for five years. \n

3. I met John at school. He’s my best friend \n

I’ve known John since we were at school \n

4. I last saw Giorgio seven days ago. \n

I\u00a0haven’t seen Giorgio since last week \n

5. I first played tennis in 1990 and I still play now \n

I have been playing tennis since 1990. \n

6. We arrived at 6.00 a.m and it’s now 9.00 a.m \n

We\u00a0have been here for three hours. \n

7. I’m a poet. I wrote my first poem years ago. \n

I’ve\u00a0been writing poetry for\u00a0 a long time. \n

my\u015bl\u0119 \u017ce dobrze zrobi\u0142am \n

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A; How long have you worked with computers?

B Well, have been working with computers since 2004 when Igot a job in Edinburgh.

A; How long did you live in Edinburgh?

B; I lived there for two years. In 2006 I moved to Munich where I worked in a bank. I liked Munich but wanted to be near my family so I came back to London and I have been living here for the last three years.

A; How long have you worked in your present job?

B; I have been working in this company for three years now.

A; Is it a problem for you to move to Cardiff for this job?

B; Well, my parents bought a house in Cardiff last year so that isn’t a problem. I’m happy to move here.

Write sentences with the same meaning Use the words in brackets. Write 2-5 words.

1. I arrived in China last Thursday

I’ve been in China since last Thursday

2. It is 2010. She first lived here in 2005

She has been living here for five years.

3. I met John at school. He’s my best friend

I’ve known John since we were at school

4. I last saw Giorgio seven days ago.

I haven’t seen Giorgio since last week

5. I first played tennis in 1990 and I still play now

I have been playing tennis since 1990.

6. We arrived at 6.00 a.m and it’s now 9.00 a.m

We have been here for three hours.

7. I’m a poet. I wrote my first poem years ago.

I’ve been writing poetry for a long time.

Past Simple и Present Perfect: упражнения с ответами

Сегодня будем решать задачки, касающиеся употребления Present Perfect и Past Simple. Рекомендую сразу вспомнить случаи употребления Present Perfect и правила Past Simple. Основные отличительные моменты привожу в следующей табличке:

Имейте ввиду: выполняя упражнения и решая, какое время использовать — Present Perfect или Past Simple, Вы должны обращать внимания на все вышеуказанные обстоятельства, ибо одного из них может быть недостаточно для верного определения времени. Надеюсь, вам понятны различия между Past Simple и Present Perfect.

Итак, собственно, упражнения.

Past Simple or Present Perfect. Exercises.

Упражнение 1. Complete the pairs of sentences. Use the Present Perfect in one sentence and the Past Simple in the other.

I (know) _______ him when I was at school.

He (live) _______ in New York since 2001.

I (not see) _______ Pete last night.

We (be) _______ in this class since September.

I (not watch) _______ a video at the weekend.

Упражнение 2. Put the verbs in brackets in the Past Simple or in the Present Perfect.

1. I ________ (never/ be) to the USA. I ______ (want) to go there last summer but I couldn’t.

2. He _______ (live) in this street all his life.

3. His father ________ (come back) to London last Sunday.

4. Yan __________ (write) a letter to Nick two days ago.

5. He ________ (send) his letter yesterday.

6. They ________ (just/ buy) some postcards.

Упражнение 3. Fill in last night, ever, ago, just, yet, always in the right place.

1. Nick’s uncle went to Russia 3 years.

2. Mr. Rambler has come back from Belarus.

3. Nick has wanted to visit Belarus.

4. Mr. Rambler saw Yan.

5. They haven’t visited this old castle.

6. Have you been to England?

Упражнение 4. Choose the correct option.

Упражнение 5. Put the verbs in brackets in the Past Simple or in the Present Perfect.

1. Maria (get) ______ some bad news last week. She (be) ______ sad since she (get) ______ the bad news.

2. I (start) ______ school when I was five years old. I (be) ______ at school since I (be) ______ five years old.

3. I (change) ______ my job three times this year.

4. I (change) ______ my job three times last year.

5. The weather was hot and dry for many weeks. But two days ago it (rain) ______.

6. Tom (break) ______ his leg five days ago. He’s in hospital. He (be) ______ in hospital since he (break) ______ his leg.

7. Are you going to finish your work before you go to bed? — I (finish) ______ it (already). I (finish) ______ my work two hours ago.

Упражнение 6. Put the verbs in brackets in the Past Simple or in the Present Perfect.

1. I (have, just) ______ a nice pot of coffee. Would you like a cup?

2. I (see, not) ______ Steve this morning yet.

3. Carol and I are old friends. I (know) ______ her since I (be) ______ a freshman in high school.

4. Maria (have) ______ a lot of problems since she (come) ______ to this country.

5. I (go) ______ to Paris in 2003 and 2006.

6. A car came round the corner and I (jump) ______ out of the way.

7. Don’t throw the paper away because I (not to read) ______ it yet.

8. Is Jim going to eat lunch with us today? — No. He (eat) ______ (already).He (eat) ______ lunch an hour ago.

9. Since we (start) ______ doing this exercise, we (complete) ______ some sentences.

10. I (be) ______ never to Italy.

Упражнение 7. Put the verbs in brackets in the Past Simple or in the Present Perfect.

1. You (ever work) ______ in a shop?

2. I (work) ______ at my uncle’s shop when I was younger.

3. It’s the first time I (be) ______ on a ship.

4. Ann is looking for her key. She can’t find it. She (lose) ______ her key.

5. How many symphonies Beethoven (compose) ______?

6. Look! Somebody (spill) ______ ink on the notebook.

7. You (have) ______ a holiday this year yet?

8. You (see) ______ any good films recently?

9. He (have, not) ______ any problems since he (come ) ______ here.

Упражнение 8. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Past Simple или Present Perfect

1. I (cut) ______ some flowers from my garden yesterday. I (cut) ______ lots of flowers from my garden so far this summer.

2. I (not / see) ______ Tom lately.

3. The artist (draw) ______ a picture of sunset yesterday. She (draw) ______ many pictures of sunsets in her lifetime.

4. I (feed) ______ birds at the park yesterday. I (feed) ______ birds at the park every day since I (lose) ______ my job.

5. Ann (wake up) ______ late and (miss) _______ her breakfast on Monday.

6. I (forget) ______ to turn off the stove after dinner. I (forget) ______ to turn off the stove a lot of times in my lifetime.

7. The children (hide) ______ in the basement yesterday. They (hide) ______ in the basement often since they (discover) ______ a secret place there.

8. The baseball player (hit) ______ the ball out of the stadium yesterday. He (hit) ______ a lot of homeruns since he (join) ______ our team.

9. We first (meet) ______ in 2001. So we (know) _______ each other for 8 years.

Упражнение 9. Put the verbs in brackets in the Past Simple or in the Present Perfect.

1. She (change) ______ a lot since she left school.

2. I (see) ______ this film and I don’t want to see it again.

3. Jazz (originate) ______ in the United States around 1900.

4. Tom Hanks (win) ______ an Oscar several times already.

5. Long ago, they (build) ______ most houses out of wood.

6. Scientists still (not/find) ______ a cure for cancer.

7. Sean (eat, never) ______ Chinese food before.

8. In my first job, I (be) ______ responsible for marketing.

9. The last job I (apply) ______ for required applicants to speak some Japanese.

10. The first modern Olympics (take) ______ place in Athens more than a hundred years ago.

11. I am writing in connection with the advertisement which (appear) ______ in December.

Упражнение 10. Complete the sentences. Use the Present Perfect or the Past Simple.

My family and I (move) from London to Cardiff last summer, so we (live) in Cardiff for seven months now. I miss my friends in London. My best friend is called Megan. We (meet) at primary school, so I (know) her for nine years. Unfortunately, I (not see) her since last summer.

I go to Greystone Secondary School in Cardiff. I (be) at the school since last September. At first I (not like) it because I (not have) any friends here. But the students in my class are really nice and I’m happy here now.

Упражнение 11. Correct the mistakes in these sentences.

Упражнение 12. Complete the sentences. Use the Present Perfect or the Past Simple.

Helen: That’s a nice tennis racket. Is it new?

Andy: No, (I/have) ________ it for about a year, but ( I/not play) _______ with it very much. ( I/buy) ________ it in Florida.

Helen: When ( you/go) ________ to America?

Andy: ( I/go) ________ there with my family in the spring.

Helen: What was it like?

Andy: Great! (I/stay) ___________ with my penfriend.

Helen: Is your penfriend American?

Andy: Yes. ( I/have) ________ an American penfriend for two years. (he/come) __________ to England last summer.

Helen: (I/not meet) _______ him.

Andу: No, (you/be) ______ on holiday in Turkey.

Упражнение 13. Choose the correct form of the verb.

Ответы:

1 have known / knew, 2 lived / has lived, 3 haven’t seen / didn’t see, 4 were / have been, 5 haven’t watched / didn’t watch

1 have never been / wanted, 2 has lived, 3 came back, 4 wrote, 5 sent, 6 have just bought

1. Nick’s uncle went to Russia 3 years ago.

2. Mr. Rambler has just come back from Belarus.

3. Nick has always wanted to visit Belarus.

4. Mr. Rambler saw Yan last night.

5. They haven’t visited this old castle yet.

6. Have you ever been to England.

1 ‘s had, 2 took, 3 played, 4 haven’t eaten, visited

1 got / has been / got, 2 started, have been / was, 3 have changed, 4 changed, 5 rained, 6 broke / has been / broke, 7 have already finished / finished

1 have just had, 2 haven’t seen, 3 have known /was, 4 has had / came, 5 went, 6 jumped, 7 haven’t read, 8 has already eaten / ate, 9 started /have completed, 10 have never been

1 have you ever worked, 2 worked, 3 have been, 4 has lost, 5 did Beethoven compose, 6 has spilt, 7 have you had, 8 have you seen, 9 hasn’t had / came

1 cut / have cut, 2 haven’t seen, 3 drew / has drawn, 4 fed / have fed /lost, 5 woke up / missed, 6 forgot / have forgotten, 7 hid / have hidden / discovered, 8 hit / has hit / joined, 9 met / have known

1 has changed, 2 have seen, 3 originated, 4 has won, 5 built, 6 haven’t found, 7 has never eaten, 8 was, 9 applied, 10 took, 11 appeared

Moved, have lived, met, have known, haven’t seen, have been, didn’t like, didn’t have.

Возможны и другие варианты ответов.

Have had, haven’t played, bought, did you go, went, stayed, have had, came, didn’t meet, were

1 went, 2 ‘ve finished, 3 was, 4 Have you been, 5 I’ve caught, 6 was, 7 played, 8 I’ve already seen, 9 has been, 10 haven’t seen, 11 stayed, 12 went, 13 ‘ve had, 14 waited

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The present perfect. Exercises (Упр. на настоящее совершен.время)

Exercise 1 The present perfect with for and since.

— Can you skate? (three years)

— Yes, but I haven’t skated for three years.

— Could you climb a rope? (I left school)

— Yes, I suppose I could, but I haven’t climbed one since I left school.

1 Can you play chess? (ten years)

2 Can you sing? (I came to England)

3 Could you milk a cow? (I left my father’s farm)

4 Can you put up a tent? (I went camping two years ago)

5 Can you make Yorkshire pudding? (over a year)

6 Can you read Latin? (I left school)

7 Could you bath a baby? (fifteen years)

8 Could you repair a radio? (I left the army)

9 Can you ski? (my last holiday)

10 Can you read a map? (quite a long time)

11 Could you make a basket? (I was in hospital)

12 Can you sew on buttons? (I got married)

13 Can you drive a car? (over six months)

14 Could you take someone’s temperature? (years)

15 Can you ride a motor cycle? (I was at the university)

16 Can you row a boat? (1977)

17 Can you paint in oils? (some time)

18 Can you type? (years and years)

Part 2 Rephrase the following sentences, using the present perfect tense with for or since:

I last read a newspaper on June 2.

I haven’t read a newspaper since June 2.

It is two years since I saw Tom.

I haven’t seen Tom for two years.

19 It’s two years since I had a puncture.

20 It’s two months since he earned any money.

21 He last shaved the day before yesterday.

22 I last drank champagne at my brother’s wedding.

23 It’s two years since I was last in Rome.

24 I saw Tom last on his wedding day.

25 I last ate raw fish when I was in Japan.

26 It’s years since Mary last spoke French.

27 It’s ten weeks since I last had a good night’s sleep.

28 He last paid taxes in 1970.

29 I last ate meat five years ago. (Omit ago.)

30 It’s three months since the windows were cleaned.

31 It’s years since I took any photographs.

32 I last watched TV on New Year’s Day.

33 It’s three months since he wrote to me.

34 I was last paid six months ago. (My pay is six months in arrears.)

35 The last time I was abroad was in the summer of 1978.

36 It’s ten years since that house was lived in.

Exercise 2 The present perfect and the simple past. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense: present perfect or simple past. (In some cases the present perfect continuous is also possible. This is noted in the Key.)

1 Paul: I (play) football since I was five years old.

Tom: You (play) since you (come) to England?

Paul: Oh yes. I (play) quite a lot. I (join) a club the day after I (arrive).

2 Tom: You (play) any matches?

Paul: We (play) about ten. We have two more to play. We (have) a very good season, we (win) all our matches so far, though we (not really deserve) to win the last one.

3 Tom: I (play) football when I (be) at school but when I (leave) school I. (drop) it and (take) up golf.

4 Ann: Hello, Jack! I (not see) you for ages! Where you (be)?

Jack: I (be) in Switzerland. I (mean) to send you a postcard but I (not have) your address with me.

Ann: Never mind. You (have) a good time in Switzerland? How long you (be) there?

Jack: I (be) there for a month. I only just (get) back. Yes, I (enjoy) it thoroughly. I (ski) all day and (dance) all night.

5 Ann: I (ski) when I (be) at the university, but I (break) a leg five years ago and since then I (not do) any.

6 When I first (come) to this house, it (be) a very quiet area. But since then a new housing estate (be) built and it (become) very noisy.

7 My son (not start) work yet. He’s still at the High School.

— How long he (be) at school?

— He (be) at the High School for six years; before that he (spend) five years at the Primary School in Windmill Street.

8 I just (hear) that Peter is in Australia.

— Oh, you (not know)? He (fly) out at the beginning of the month.

— You (hear) from him? Does he like the life?

— Yes, I (get) a letter last week. He (tell) me about his job. But he (not say) whether he (like) the life or not. Perhaps it’s too soon to say. He only (be) there thJee weeks.

9 I (not know) you (be) left-handed.

— I’m not left-handed; but my oil-heater (explode) yesterday and I (burn) my right hand, so I have to use my left.

This bicycle (be) in our family for fourteen years. My father (use) it for the first five years, my brother (ride) it for the next five, and I Xhaye) it for the last four.

11 I hear that your MP, Mr Simpson, (make) a very clever speech last night. How long he (be) your MP?

— Oh, we only (have) him since January. His predecessor Mr Allen (resign) suddenly because of ill-health and there (be) a by-election.

12 I hear that Mr Jones (leave).

— Yes, he (leave) last week.

— Anybody (be) appointed to take his place?

— I believe several men (apply) for the job but so far nothing (be) decided.

13 Peter (meeting Ann at the airport): Hello, Ann. You (have) a good trip?

Ann: The actual flight (be) lovely, one of the best I (have) ever, but it (take) ages to get into the plane. First they (think) that one of us (be) a hijacker and they (search) us all for firearms; then they (announce) that one of the engines (be) faulty. We finally (take off) an hour later.

14 Peter: How you (spend) this extra hour before take-off)?

Ann: Oh, they (take) us to the restaurant and (feed) us and we (walk) about and (buy) things we (not need). The time (pass) all right.

15 You (book) your hotel room yet?

— Well, I (write) to the hotel last week but they (not answer) yet.

16 Peter (meeting Paul unexpectedly in London): Hello, Paul! I (not know) you (be) here.

Paul: Oh, I (be) here nearly two months. I (arrive) on the 6th of January.

17 Peter: When we last (meet) you (say) that nothing would induce you to come to England. What (make) you change your mind?

Paul: I (find) that I (need) English for my work and this (seem) the quickest way of learning it.

18 Peter: You (know) any English when you first (arrive) here?

Paul: No, I (not know) a word.

19 Ann (to Yvonne, who is going to English classes): How long you (learn) English?

Yvonne: I (learn) off and on for about five and a half years. (Use the continuous form.)

20 I (begin) English at secondary school and (do) it for three years.

Then I (drop) it for a year and (forget) most of it. Then I (spend) two years at a secretarial college, where I (study) commercial English, an d for the last six months I (study) in London.

21 At 4 p.m. my neighbour (ring) up and (say), ‘Is Tom with you?’ Tom, her son, (spend) most of his time in my garden playing with my children, so whenever she (not be able) to find him she (ring) me.

‘ I’m afraid I (not see) him today,’ I (say). ‘But my children (go) to the beach this morning and (not come) back yet. Perhaps he (go) with them.’

22 I just (have) my first driving lesson.

— How it (go)? You (enjoy) it?

— Well, I not actually (hit) anything but I (make) every other possible mistake.

23 Old Ben (sell) newspapers just inside the station entrance, and my father always (buy) his evening paper from him as he (leave) the station on his way home. But one day my father (arrive) home without his paper. ‘Ben (not be) there this evening,’ he (say). ‘I hope he (not be taken) ill.’

24 On Saturday afternoon I (see) Frederick sitting in his garden.

‘ I (think) you (work) on Saturdays,’ I (say).

‘ I (work) this morning,’ (explain) Frederick, ‘but at lunch time the boss (go) off to play golf and (tell) us all to go home. It’s about time he (give) us a whole Saturday off actually. I (work) practically every Saturday since the beginning of the year.’

25 Ann: You (be) to Hampton Court?

Jane: Yes, I (go) there last week. The tulips (be) wonderful.

Ann: You (go) by car?

Jane: No, I (go) with my English class. We (hire) a coach.

26 Ann: Where else you (be) to since you (come) to England?

Jane: Oh, I (be) to Stratford and Coventry and Oxford and Canterbury.

27 Ann: You (see) a lot. When you (go) to Stratford?

Jane: I (go) last week. The people I work for (take) me.

28 Ann: You (see) a play at the Royal Shakespeare Theatre when you (be) at Stratford?

Jane: Yes, we (see) Macbeth. We were very lucky. We just (walk) in and (ask) if they (have) any returned tickets, and the girl at the box office (say), ‘Yes, a man just (return) three stalls.’

29 Ann: You (be) to Wales?

Jane: No, I (be) to Scotland but I (not be) to Wales. I’d like to go.

30 Peter: You (see) any good films lately?

Ann: Yes, I (go) to the National Film Theatre last week and (see) a Japanese film.

Peter: You (like) it?

An n: Yes, I (love) it, but of course I (not understand) a word.

31 Tom: I hear that Mr Benson just (die). You (know) him quite well, didn’t you?

Jack: Yes. We (work) for the same company for ten years. I (not see) so much of him after he (leave) the company but we (keep) in touch.

32 Ann (think) the garage (be) empty, and (turn) off the lights. ‘Hey!’ (shout) Paul from under the car. ‘I’m sorry, Paul,’ (say) Ann, ‘I (not know) you (be) there.’

33 Father: Tom (not come) back yet?

Mother: Yes, he (come) in an hour ago. He (go) straight to bed. Father: Funny. I (not hear) him.

34 Paul: That’s a live wire. It just (give) me a shock!

Ann: Nonsense! I just (touch) it and I (not feel) anything!

When Paul (come) into the room, Ann was sitting in an armchair just behind the door. Paul, not noticing Ann, (go) to the window and (look) out. Ann (cough) and Paul (spin) round. ‘Hello, Ann!’ he (exclaim), ‘I (not see) you!’

Jack: You just (agree) to go, so why aren’t you getting ready?

Peter: But I (not realize) that you (want) me to start at once!

Exercise 3 The present perfect and the simple past. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense: present perfect or simple past.

1 I (buy) a new house last year, but I (not sell) my old house yet, so at the moment I have two houses.

2 When Ann (be) on her way to the station it (begin) to rain. Ann (run) back to her flat for her umbrella, but this (make) her late for her train.

3 She (catch) the next train but it (not get) in till 9.00, so she (arrive) at her office ten minutes late.

4 Her boss (look) up as she (come) in. ‘You (be) late every morning this week,’ he (growl).

5 At 7 a.m. Charles (ring) Peter and (say), ‘I’m going fishing, Peter. Would you like to come?’

‘ But it’s so early,’ (say) Peter. ‘I (not have) breakfast yet. Why you (not tell) me last night?’

6 Tom (meet) Paul at lunch time and (say), ‘I (not see) you at the bus stop this morning. You (miss) the bus?’

‘ I (not miss) it,’ (reply) Paul. ‘I (not miss) a bus for years. But this morning George (give) me a lift.’

7 Ann (go) to Canada six months ago. She (work) in Canada for a while and then (go) to the United States.

8 Mary (be) in Japan for two years. She is working there and likes it very much.

9 When I (buy) my new house I (ask) for a telephone. The Post Office (tell) me to wait, but I (wait) a year now and my phone still (not come).

10 Bill usually has breakfast at 8.00. Yesterday at 8.30 Peter (meet) Bill and (offer) him an apple. ‘No, thanks/ (say) Bill. ‘I just (have) breakfast.’

11 Just as Ann (arrive) at the airfield a plane (land) and a girl (climb) out. To her surprise Ann (recognize) her cousin, Lucy. ‘Hello, Lucy,’ she (exclaim). ‘I (not know) that you (know) how to fly a plane.’

‘ I only just (learn),’ (say) Lucy. ‘I (go) solo for the first time last week.’

12 Peter (try) to come in quietly but his mother (hear) him and (call) out, ‘Where you (be)? Your supper (be) in the oven for an hour.’

13 You (be) to the theatre lately?

— Yes, I (go) to Othello last week.

— Yes, but I (not see) very well. I (be) right at the back.

14 Ann (coming out of a bookshop): I just (buy) a copy of David Copperfield. You (read) it?

Mary: As it happens it is the only one of Dickens’s books that I (not read). I (not even see) the film.

15 You (be) to Cambridge?

— Yes, I (be) there last month.

— How you (get) there?

— My brother (take) me in his car.

16 You (see) Philip lately? I (ring) his flat several times last week but (get) no answer.

— Oh, he (be) in America for the last month. He (fly) out on the first for a conference and then (decide) to stay for six weeks.

— You (hear) from him?

— Yes, I (get) a letter shortly after he (arrive).

17 How long you (be) in your present job?

— I (be) there for six months.

— And what you (do) before that?

— Before that I (work) for Jones and Company.

18 How long you (work) for Jones and Company?

— I (work) for them for two years.

— You (like) working for them?

— No, I (not like) it at all.

— Then why you (stay) so long?

19 We usually go out on Saturday evenings, but last Saturday (be) so wet that we (stay) in and (play) cards.

— We (play) poker. I (lose) fifty pence.

20 When you (begin) school?

— I (begin) school when I (be) five. I (go) to a primary school first. I (stay) there for six years and then I (go) to a comprehensive school.

21 When I (be) seventeen I (start) my university course.

— When you (get) your degree?

— Oh, I (not get) my degree yet; I’m still at the university. I only (be) there for two years.

22 Tom (leave) the house at 8.20. At 8.25 the phone in Tom’s house (ring), Tom’s wife, Mary, (answer) it. ‘Could I speak to Tom, please?’ (say) the caller.

‘ I’m afraid he just (go) out’, (say) Mary.

23 You (be) to Cornwall?

— Yes, I (be) there last Easter.

— You (go) by train?

24 I (not see) Charles for some time.

— Be (be) ill, poor chap. He (collapse) at work a fortnight ago and (be taken) to hospital. They (send) him home after two days but he (not crane) back to work yet.

25 There (be) a very good programme on TV last night. You (see) it?

— No. I (take) my set back to the shop last week because there (be) so ranch distortion; and they (say) it (need) a new part. They (not be able) to get the new part so far, so I (not watch) television for about ten days.

26 You (ever) be to France?

— Yes, I (spend) last July and August in Grenoble. I (go) to improve my French but everyone I (meet) (want) to improve his English so I (not get) much practice.

27 The postman usually comes between 8.00 and 9.00 in the morning. At 8.45 a.m. yesterday Ann (say), ‘Are there any letters for me?’

I don’t know,’ (say) Mary. ‘The postman (not come) yet.’

At 11 a.m. Jack, Mary’s husband, (ring) from his office to ask if there (be) any letters for him. ‘No,’ (say) Mary. ‘Nobody (get) letters today. The postman (not come).’

28 Mr Speed, Ann’s employer, (dictate) three letters and (tell) Ann to type them as soon as possible. Half an hour later he (ring) Ann’s office. ‘You (finish) those letters yet?’ he (ask).

‘ Well,’ (say) Ann, ‘I (do) the letter to Mr Jones, and I’m now typing the one to Mr Robinson, but I (not start) the one to Mr Smith yet.’

29 You (find) out yet about the trains to Liverpool?

— No. I (ring) the station last night but the man who (answer) the phone (not seem) to be sure of the times. He (say) something about a new timetable.

— But the new timetable (be) in operation for three weeks!

30 Tom and Jack work in different offices but go to work in the same train. One evening Tom’s wife (say), ‘Jack (move) into his new house yet?’ ‘I don’t know,’ (say) Tom, ‘I (not see) Jack today. He (not be) on the train.’

31 Where you (be)?

— I (be) shopping in Oxford Street.

— So I suppose you (buy) shoes?

— Yes. I (find) a shop where they were having a sale and I (get) three pairs.

32 In the evenings I often play chess with my next door neighbour. I (play) chess with him ever since I (come) to live here ten years ago. He (be) here all his life; he (inherit) the house from his father, another great chess player.

— You ever (play) chess with the father?

— We (play) once or twice but he (die) a year after I (arrive).

33 I can’t find my gloves. You (see) them?

— Yes, you (leave) them in the car yesterday. I (put) them back in your drawer.

34 I hope you’re enjoying your visit to England, You (meet) any Englishmen yet?

— Yes, I (meet) a man called Smith at a party last night.

— What you (talk) about?

— We (talk) about the weather.

35 Mrs Jones: For years I (do) all my washing by hand; then last year I (buy) a washing machine and I must say it (make) washing day much less exhausting. It only takes me an hour now.

Mrs White: I don’t like washing machines. I always (do) my washing by hand and I intend to go on doing it. I always (find) it very satisfying work.

36 Tom: Don’t you think it’s time we (have) something different for Sunday dinner?

Ann: But we (have) roast beef for Sunday dinner ever since we (get) : married. Your mother (tell) me that you (be) particularly fond of roast beef.

Tom: But my mother (be) dead for five years and in those five years my tastes (change).

Exercise 1 Part 1 1 I haven’t played for ten years. 2 I haven’t sung since I came 3 I haven’t milked one since 41 haven’t put one up since 5 I haven’t made one for 6 I haven’t read any since 7 I haven’t bathed a baby for 8 1 haven’t repaired one since 9 I haven’t skiied since. 10 I haven’t read one for 11 I haven’t made one since 12 I haven’t sewn any on since 13 I haven’t driven (one) for 14 I haven’t taken a temperature for 15 I haven’t ridden one since 161 haven’t rowed since 17 I haven’t painted/done any painting for 18 I haven’t typed for

Part 2 19 I haven’t had a puncture for 20 He hasn’t earned any money for 21 He hasn’t shaved since 22 I haven’t drunk champagne since 23 I haven’t been in Rome for 24 I haven’t seen Tom since 25 I haven’t eaten raw fish since 26 Mary hasn’t spoken French for years 27 I haven’t had a good night’s sleep for 28 He hasn’t paid taxes since 29 I haven’t eaten meat for 30 The windows haven’t been cleaned for 311 haven’t taken any photographs for years. 32 I haven’t watched TV since 33 He hasn’t written to me for 34 I haven’t been paid for 35 I haven’t been abroad since 36 That house hasn’t been lived in for

Exercise 3 1 bought, haven’t sold 2 was, began; ran, made 3 caught, didn’t get in, arrived 4 looked up, came; have been, growled 5 rang, said; said, haven’t had; didn’t you tell 6 met, said, didn’t see; Did you miss; didn’t miss, replied; haven’t missed; gave 7 went; worked, went 8 has been; did she go; went 9 bought, asked; told, have waited/been waiting, hasn’t come 10 met, offered; said; have just had 11 arrived, landed, climbed out; recognized; exclaimed; didn’t know, knew; have only just learnt, said; went 12 tried, heard, called out; have you been; has been 13 Have you been; went; Did you like; didn’t see; was 14 have just bought; Have you read; haven’t read; haven’t even seen 15 Have you been; was; did you get; took 16 Have you seen; rang, got; has been; flew, decided; Have you heard; got, arrived 17 have you been; have been; did you do/were you doing; worked/was working 18 did you work; worked; Did you like; didn’t like; did you stay 19 was, stayed, played; did you play; played; lost 20 did you begin; began, was; went; stayed, went 21 was, started; did you get; haven’t got; have only been 22 left; rang; answered; said; has just gone, said 23 Have you been; was; Did you go; hitch-hiked 24 haven’t seen; has been ill; collapsed, was taken; sent, hasn’t come 25 was; Did you see; took, was, said, needed; haven’t been able, haven’t watched 26 Have you ever been; spent; went, met, wanted, didn’t get 27 said; said; hasn’t come; rang, were; said; got; didn’t come 28 dictated, told; rang; Have you finished, asked; said, have done, haven’t started 29 Have you found out; rang, answered, didn’t seem; said; has been 30 said, Has Jack moved; said, didn’t see; wasn’t 31 have you been; have been; bought/have bought; found, got 32 have played, came; has been, inherited; Did you ever play; played, died, arrived 33 Have you seen; left; put 34 Have you met; met; did you talk; talked 35 did, bought, has made; have always done, have always found 36 had; have had, got; told, were; has been, have changed

Ex. 69 Put the verbs in brackets into the: present perfect or simple past. (In some cases the present perfect continuous is possible)

Ex. 70 Use Present Perfect or the Past Indefinite in the following sentences:

1.I never (to see) anyone more beautiful than your wife. 2.I (to meet) your husband this afternoon at Green Street. 3. He said, «You (to meet) this passenger. He calls himself Major Jones.» «I (to speak) to him.» 4. «I (to get) hold of some money — enough for Tony to go off for a couple of years.» «You (to raise) all that money by doing your own housework?» «No, of course not.» «Milly, what you (to be) up to? What you (to do)?» «I (to sell) the house.» «But what’s Tony going to say? You (to tell) him?» «Why should he care? He’s young.» «Why you (not to tell) him?» 5.I said, «Mr Jones (to be) arrested by the police.» «My goodness. You don’t say. What he (to do)?» «He necessarily (not to do) anything.» «He (to see) a lawyer?» «That’s not possible here. The police wouldn’t allow it.» 6. «You (to hear) the news?» «What news?» «About Ted and Dave. They (to be) out on the roof last night and Ted (to slip) and Dave (to try) to hold him but he couldn’t and (to be) pulled off too. They’re both in hospital with concussion and their people (to be) sent for.» 7.I understand you (to have) an unpleasant experience at the week-end? What (to happen) exactly? 8. You remember the coin you (to find) in the pool? 9. «Mr Dillon (to arrive), Kate.» «Oh, good. You (to find) your way all right then, Mr Dillon? I (not to hear) you ring the bell.» «I couldn’t find the bell, so I (to knock) instead.» 10. He (to light) a cigarette and (to walk) to the window. 11. «Can we get dinner here?» «Of course we can. Have you got enough money? I (to spend) my last dollar on the taxi.» 12. You (to say) just now that time (to be) everything. What you (to mean) by that? 13.As we got into the taxi my brother asked, «Well, you (to speak) to Harry?» «I (to speak) to him for a moment.» 14. «Hallo,» the little girl said to her mother and looked at her companion. «Come and say ‘How do you do’ to Mr Ogden.» «I (to see) him already.» «You can’t have done, dear. He only just (to arrive) here.» «I (to see) him in the hall this afternoon.» «I’m sure you didn’t. You (to see) my little daughter yet, Mr Ogden?» «I don’t think we (to meet) before,» said Mr Ogden. 15. «I remember you (to have) three funny little freckles on your nose,» he said, «but they (to disappear).» 16.I think I’d better go now. I (to act) wrongly and I in a way (to deceive) you. I’m sorry. 17. «You (to read) ‘Winnie the Pooh’ by A. A. Milne?» «Yes.» «And how you (to like) it?» «Very much indeed.» 18.She (to come) into the room and (to lean) over her father’s chair and (to kiss) his cheek. «You (to have) a good trip?» 19. You (not to hear) what the pilot (to say)? 20. At school I (to be) never good at languages, but here I (to pick) up a bit of French. 21. «Good night. It (to be) nice to meet you,» he (to say) and (to go) off to his car. 22.»Poor girl,» said Renny looking after her. «Don’t pity her! She (to have) her happiness. We all pay for that.» «You (to have) yours?» «I (to have) my share.» «You (to pay) for it? » «Twice over.» 23. Well, I know what you (to be) through. 24. «Then what (to happen) to you there?» «Let’s forget it. Even now I can’t believe I (to do) it.»

Ex. 71 Use the Present Perfect or the Past Indefinite in questions in the following text:

Ex. 72 Use the Present Perfect or the Past Indefinite in the following questions:

1. «I’ll drink tea from this tin mug.» «Wherever you (to find) it?» 2. «What you (to hear)?» she demanded. «A farmer tells me he saw your brother walking back to the town.» «Why he (not to tell) us?» «He thought we knew.» 3.The parrot screamed a few words in Hindi. «Where he (to learn) that?» my aunt asked me. 4. He showed her inside the house. «Oh, how lovely!» she exclaimed. «I had no idea it would be so lovely. Why you (not to tell) us? And you (to do) it all by yourself?» «Yes.» «How you (to manage) it? It’s so tidy. And the new tea-set! When you (to buy) it?» 5. When Renny came in, his grandmother asked him: «Where you (to be) all day?» 6. «What sort of time you (to have) in France?» «A lot of things happened there.» 7. «Everyone in the village will talk about it.» «How this affair (to begin)?» 8. «How many children you (to teach) in that other family?» the girl asked her new governess. «Not many. Just one girl.» «How long you (to stay) with her?» 9. Then my mother asked me: «Why you (to go) to the post-office today?»

Ex. 73 Translate the following into English concentrating on the use of the Present Perfect and the Past Indefinite in sentences containing an indication of a period of time:

1. «Вы не можете мне сказать, уехала ли мисс Смит лондонским поездом сегодня утром?» — спросил он у начальника станции. — «Нет. Она опоздала на него». 2. Они проговорили около двух часов, и затем он сказал, что ему надо повидать кое-кого из друзей. 3. Его мать умерла. Она долго работала учительницей. 4. Послушай-ка, Джон, твоя хозяйка говорит, что ты сегодня лежишь целый день в постели. Это ведь не годится, правда? 5. Она удивилась, увидев его. «Разве ты не получил мое пись мо?» — «Твое письмо? Нет». — «Да, конечно, ты еще не мог его получить. Я забыла. Оно было отправлено только сегодня утром». 6. Она резко повернулась к мужу и сказала: «Я отгоню машину домой». — «Но ведь ты не водила машину много месяцев», — возразил он. — «Я еще не забыла, как это делается». 7. Мы все трое пошли вместе по улице. В течение некоторого времени все молчали. 8. «Дядя Том приезжает, — объявила Мег. — Мама получила от него письмо сегодня утром». 9. На этой неделе у меня едва было время, чтобы просмотреть газету. 10. «Тебе следует пойти навестить Вилли, — сказала она. — Ты не видел его три недели. Вы поссорились?» 11. Они долго сидели рядом. Джек первым нарушил молчание.

Ex. 74 Make up situations to justify the use of the Present Perfect and the Past Indefinite in the following pairs of sentences:

1.I left the car outside the gate.

I’ve left the car outside the gate.

2.We’ve settled everything.

We settled everything.

3. You behaved like a courageous man.

You have behaved like a courageous man.

4. The children have taken their toys to the library.

The children took their toys to the library.