How many people on a jury
How many people on a jury
B) She hates to do the washing up
A) Charlotte is the kind person I know
B) Reward is the best course book you can buy
Подберите правильный ответ
Верна ли грамматическая конструкция в данных предложениях?
A) He really enjoys listening to jazz
B) I’m learning speaking Spanish at evening classes
Подберите правильный ответ
Верна ли грамматическая конструкция в данных предложениях?
A) He’s less optimistic than she is
B) She isn’t so optimistic as he is
Подберите правильный ответ
Верна ли грамматическая конструкция в данных предложениях?
A) How fast can you go on a bicycle?
B) Has the man got a beard?
Подберите правильный ответ
Верна ли грамматическая конструкция в данных предложениях?
A) How much of tea do you drink every day?
B) There are hardly any apples left
Подберите правильный ответ
Верна ли грамматическая конструкция в данных предложениях?
A) I сan have a ham sandwich, please?
B) Are there any tomatoes in the fridge?
Подберите правильный ответ
Верна ли грамматическая конструкция в данных предложениях?
A) I went to the cinema with some friends at night
B) I hope I won’t have so much work this week
Подберите правильный ответ
Верна ли грамматическая конструкция в данных предложениях?
A) Is a man confident?
B) Does she look like a businesswoman?
Подберите правильный ответ
Верна ли грамматическая конструкция в данных предложениях?
A) Jim is smarter than Greg
B) Sarah is less imaginative than her sister
Подберите правильный ответ
Верна ли грамматическая конструкция в данных предложениях?
A) My house is opposite to the town hall
B) I only go out to a restaurant on special occasions
Подберите правильный ответ
Верна ли грамматическая конструкция в данных предложениях?
A) People will have more time studying in the future
B) She become famous for her novels
Подберите правильный ответ
Верна ли грамматическая конструкция в данных предложениях?
A) The weather in Spain is usually better than in Britain
B) The weather in Spain is usually so good as in Britain
Подберите правильный ответ
Верна ли грамматическая конструкция в данных предложениях?
A) The weather is much worse today than it was yesterday
B) I think it’s better to have children when you are young
Подберите правильный ответ
Верна ли грамматическая конструкция в данных предложениях?
A) There are a lot of people in the street
B) What sort of accommodation you would like?
Подберите правильный ответ
Верна ли грамматическая конструкция в данных предложениях?
A) There aren’t many people here today
B) There are very much cars on the road today
Подберите правильный ответ
Верна ли грамматическая конструкция в данных предложениях?
A) There isn’t enough butter to make this cake
B) Where are the apples you bought yesterday?
Подберите правильный ответ
Верна ли грамматическая конструкция в данных предложениях?
A) We need some cheese
B) We don’t need any apples
Подберите правильный ответ
Верна ли грамматическая конструкция в данных предложениях?
A) We will take the ferry from Dover to Calais
B) She hates to do the washing up
Подберите правильный ответ
Верна ли грамматическая конструкция в данных предложениях?
A) What’s civil law’s area of concern?
B) What are the main categories of public law?
Подберите правильный ответ
_______ the man confident?
_______ to the right at the end of the street
_______ you like to go out tomorrow evening?
Are there _____eggs in the fridge?
Can I have _____ water, please?
Carl’s lazier than the _______ and Bob isn’t as lazy as Alan
Chris isn’t as sick _____ John
Claire works in a hospital. She ________ people who are ill
Do you have __________to eat or drink at around 4 p.m. in your country?
Do you have anything to eat or drink ____ around 4 p.m. in your country?
Does she ______ glasses?
Has the man _____ a beard?
He had a look at the book before he _________ it
He is _______confident about his exams than his sister
He is less confident ________ his exams than his sister
He________ a bad cut on his left hand
He____________ to study family law
Her clothes _____ more colourful than mine
Her style is different ____________ mine
How _______ is a cinema ticket?
How fast can you ______ on a bicycle?
How fast can you go _____ a bicycle?
How many people _________on a jury?
How many solicitors _________ in England and Wales?
How much does petrol ______?
How much tea ______ you drink every day?
I _______ English when we work in pairs
I _________ to spend a few days in New York next month
I ___________ on the door because I thought you were out
I ____________ buy my own flat, but I don’t have enough money
I don’t have ______ money
I haven’t got ______ time to do the shopping now
I hope I won’t have so much work ____________ week
I never drive faster than eighty miles ____________ hour
I usually run home after work but it_________ today
I went to the cinema with some friends ____________ night
I’m moving _______ a flat in the centre of town
Is the woman ______ her mother?
It’s the ____________ interesting town I have visited
Jack ________a car. He takes people where they want to go
She wants ___________ round the issue of business contracts
She______ middle-aged and she’s slim
She’s got the same car ____________ I have
The nearest town to my home is five miles ____________
The surrounding countryside _______ flat and uninteresting
The weather in Spain is usually better _______ in Britain
There ______ very many cars on the road today
There are _______ people in the street
There are very many cars on the road _______
There aren’t ______ people here today
There was a loud knock _____ the front door
There_____ a great film on TV this evening
They are going _______abroad for their summer holiday
Turn to the right ______ the end of the street
What ______ the main categories of public law?
What_____ public law’s area of concern?
Who ________ the punishment for the defendant?
You look tired. I___________ you home
Your car is slower ____________ mine.
Подберите правильный ответ
Верна ли грамматическая конструкция в данных предложениях?
A) Can I have any water, please?
B) We haven’t got any vegetables left
Подберите правильный ответ
Верна ли грамматическая конструкция в данных предложениях?
A) Charlotte is the kind person I know
B) Reward is the best course book you can buy
Подберите правильный ответ
Верна ли грамматическая конструкция в данных предложениях?
A) He really enjoys listening to jazz
B) I’m learning speaking Spanish at evening classes
Подберите правильный ответ
Верна ли грамматическая конструкция в данных предложениях?
A) He’s less optimistic than she is
B) She isn’t so optimistic as he is
Подберите правильный ответ
Верна ли грамматическая конструкция в данных предложениях?
A) How fast can you go on a bicycle?
B) Has the man got a beard?
Подберите правильный ответ
Верна ли грамматическая конструкция в данных предложениях?
A) How much of tea do you drink every day?
B) There are hardly any apples left
Подберите правильный ответ
Верна ли грамматическая конструкция в данных предложениях?
A) I сan have a ham sandwich, please?
B) Are there any tomatoes in the fridge?
Подберите правильный ответ
Верна ли грамматическая конструкция в данных предложениях?
A) I went to the cinema with some friends at night
B) I hope I won’t have so much work this week
Подберите правильный ответ
Верна ли грамматическая конструкция в данных предложениях?
A) Is a man confident?
B) Does she look like a businesswoman?
Подберите правильный ответ
Верна ли грамматическая конструкция в данных предложениях?
A) Jim is smarter than Greg
B) Sarah is less imaginative than her sister
Подберите правильный ответ
Верна ли грамматическая конструкция в данных предложениях?
A) My house is opposite to the town hall
B) I only go out to a restaurant on special occasions
Подберите правильный ответ
Верна ли грамматическая конструкция в данных предложениях?
A) People will have more time studying in the future
B) She become famous for her novels
Подберите правильный ответ
Верна ли грамматическая конструкция в данных предложениях?
A) The weather in Spain is usually better than in Britain
B) The weather in Spain is usually so good as in Britain
Подберите правильный ответ
Верна ли грамматическая конструкция в данных предложениях?
A) The weather is much worse today than it was yesterday
B) I think it’s better to have children when you are young
Подберите правильный ответ
Верна ли грамматическая конструкция в данных предложениях?
A) There are a lot of people in the street
B) What sort of accommodation you would like?
Подберите правильный ответ
Верна ли грамматическая конструкция в данных предложениях?
A) There aren’t many people here today
B) There are very much cars on the road today
Подберите правильный ответ
Верна ли грамматическая конструкция в данных предложениях?
A) There isn’t enough butter to make this cake
B) Where are the apples you bought yesterday?
Подберите правильный ответ
Верна ли грамматическая конструкция в данных предложениях?
A) We need some cheese
B) We don’t need any apples
Подберите правильный ответ
Верна ли грамматическая конструкция в данных предложениях?
A) We will take the ferry from Dover to Calais
B) She hates to do the washing up
Подберите правильный ответ
Верна ли грамматическая конструкция в данных предложениях?
A) What’s civil law’s area of concern?
B) What are the main categories of public law?
Подберите правильный ответ
_______ the man confident?
_______ to the right at the end of the street
_______ you like to go out tomorrow evening?
Are there _____eggs in the fridge?
Can I have _____ water, please?
Carl’s lazier than the _______ and Bob isn’t as lazy as Alan
Chris isn’t as sick _____ John
Claire works in a hospital. She ________ people who are ill
Do you have __________to eat or drink at around 4 p.m. in your country?
Do you have anything to eat or drink ____ around 4 p.m. in your country?
Does she ______ glasses?
Has the man _____ a beard?
He had a look at the book before he _________ it
He is _______confident about his exams than his sister
He is less confident ________ his exams than his sister
He________ a bad cut on his left hand
He____________ to study family law
Her clothes _____ more colourful than mine
Her style is different ____________ mine
How _______ is a cinema ticket?
How fast can you ______ on a bicycle?
How fast can you go _____ a bicycle?
How many people _________on a jury?
How many solicitors _________ in England and Wales?
How much does petrol ______?
How much tea ______ you drink every day?
I _______ English when we work in pairs
I _________ to spend a few days in New York next month
I ___________ on the door because I thought you were out
I ____________ buy my own flat, but I don’t have enough money
I don’t have ______ money
I haven’t got ______ time to do the shopping now
I hope I won’t have so much work ____________ week
I never drive faster than eighty miles ____________ hour
I usually run home after work but it_________ today
I went to the cinema with some friends ____________ night
I’m moving _______ a flat in the centre of town
Is the woman ______ her mother?
It’s the ____________ interesting town I have visited
Jack ________a car. He takes people where they want to go
She wants ___________ round the issue of business contracts
She______ middle-aged and she’s slim
She’s got the same car ____________ I have
The nearest town to my home is five miles ____________
The surrounding countryside _______ flat and uninteresting
The weather in Spain is usually better _______ in Britain
There ______ very many cars on the road today
There are _______ people in the street
There are very many cars on the road _______
There aren’t ______ people here today
There was a loud knock _____ the front door
There_____ a great film on TV this evening
They are going _______abroad for their summer holiday
Turn to the right ______ the end of the street
What ______ the main categories of public law?
What_____ public law’s area of concern?
Who ________ the punishment for the defendant?
You look tired. I___________ you home
Your car is slower ____________ mine.
Английский Язык
#11 Ritik93
#12 Ritik93
Английский 3 модуль мт
He informs he___ at school 2 years ago.
worked
Are you good ___ foreign languages?
at
Do you pay ___ medical treatment?
for
Eating habits are different ___ different countries.
in
Economy satisfies the wants and needs ___ the population
of
Fast food restaurants ___ very famous.
are
He ___ that it did him a lot of good.
said
He hasn’t got ___ glasses.
his
He invited us ___ there next day.
to come
He is wearing a blue tie ___.
now
He rang me up five minutes___
ago
He said he ___ to the station to see me off.
would go
He started work ___ morning
in the
He’s saving money because he wants ___ a computer.
to buy
I ___ comfortable shoes at the moment.
am wearing
I ___ hungry.
am
I ___ my resolutions are wonderful.
think
I ___jeans most of the time.
wear
I agree ___ you.
with
I always ___hands when I meet someone.
shake
I asked the old man if he ___ all right
was
I didn’t know that you ___ in time.
would come
I knew that he ___ a very clever man.
was
I object ___ that
to
I think you ___ wrong.
are
I wanted to know where he ___ a year before.
had lived
I was afraid that you ___ and break your leg.
would fall
I was sure that they ___ breakfast.
had had
I___ this work today.
have done
In a coffee shop you sit at the counter or ___a table.
at
It ___ raining by the evening.
will have stopped
It is much better to eat ___ apple or a banana.
an
Jack asked who___ his pen.
had taken
Jack told his father that he ___ his notebook.
had lost
My friend ___ me ___ before he came home
hadn’t rung up
My friend wanted to know when we___ a test.
would write
My uncle ___ that he has just come.
says
Nowadays market economy is widespread ___ the world.
all over
Our district doctor ___ his patients in a consulting room.
sees
She is going to do ___.
the shopping
She said that she ___ swim.
would
The boy ___ all the work by the evening
had done
The economy probably has a greater influence on our ___ than any other institution.
lives
The professor asked the students ___ late for the lecture.
not to be
They saw it ___
was raining
They say they ___ a letter to me every month.
write
They will have come ___ this time tomorrow.
by
Today there ___ a lot of different restaurants and cafes.
are
We didn’t know you ___ the book at that time.
were reading
We eat to live, but not ___ to eat.
live
We knew he ___ a good camera.
had
We must go ___ the policlinic
to
We saw that he ___ a new picture.
was painting
We saw the students ___ a test.
were writing
We went on holiday ___ year.
last
What ___ your size, please?
is
What are you going ___ tomorrow?
to do
When we want to buy something we ___
go shopping
Where ___ I put the book yesterday?
did
Will this tie match___ my suit?
—
#13 SkoD
4414.01.01.;РУ.01;1
4414.02.01.;РУ.01;1
4414.06.01.;РУ.01;1
Предгос и экзамен- 4748.Экз.01;ЭЭ.01;01
#14 Алькасар
[bAre there ___eggs in the fridge?
any
Can I have ___ water, please?
some
Carl’s lazier than the ___ and Bob isn’t as lazy as Alan
others
Chris isn’t as sick ___ John
as
Claire works in a hospital. She ___ people who are ill
treats
Do you have ___to eat or drink at around 4 p.m. in your country?
anything
Do you have anything to eat or drink ___ around 4 p.m. in your country?
at
Does she ___ glasses?
wear
Has the man ___ a beard?
got
He had a look at the book before he ___ it
bought
He is ___confident about his exams than his sister
less
He is less confident ___ his exams than his sister
about
He___ a bad cut on his left hand
has got
He___ to study family law
is going
Her clothes ___ more colourful than mine
are
Her style is different ___ mine
from
How ___ is a cinema ticket?
much
How fast can you ___ on a bicycle?
go
How fast can you go ___ a bicycle?
on
How many people ___on a jury?
can there be
How many solicitors ___ in England and Wales?
are there
How much does petrol ___?
cost
How much tea ___ you drink every day?
do
I ___ English when we work in pairs
will speak
I ___ buy my own flat, but I don’t have enough money
would like to
I ___ on the door because I thought you were out
didn’t knock
I ___ to spend a few days in New York next month
’d like
I don’t have ___ money
any
I haven’t got ___ time to do the shopping now
any
I hope I won’t have so much work ___ week
next
I never drive faster than eighty miles ___ hour
per
I usually run home after work but it___ today
is raining
I went to the cinema with some friends ___ night
this
Is the woman ___ her mother?
like
It’s the ___ interesting town I have visited
most
I’m moving ___ a flat in the centre of town
into
Jack ___a car. He takes people where they want to go
drives
She wants ___ round the issue of business contracts
to go
She___ middle-aged and she’s slim
is
She’s got the same car ___ I have
as
The nearest town to my home is five miles ___
away
The surrounding countryside ___ flat and uninteresting
is
The weather in Spain is usually better ___ in Britain
than
There ___ very many cars on the road today
are
There are ___ people in the street
a lot of
There are very many cars on the road ___
today
There aren’t ___ people here today
many
There was a loud knock ___ the front door
on
There___ a great film on TV this evening
is
They are going ___abroad for their summer holiday
—
Turn to the right ___ the end of the street
at
What ___ the main categories of public law?
are
What___ public law’s area of concern?
is
Who ___ the punishment for the defendant?
passes
You look tired. I___ you home
’ll drive
Your car is slower ___ mine.
than
___ the man confident?
Is
___ to the right at the end of the street
Turn
___ you like to go out tomorrow evening?
Would
#15 kater2020
#16 Ritik93
#17 AllWell
#18 Antoxa123rus
#19 RomaxXx
#20 Kaketka
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UNIT 2. THE JURY
© 2009- Российская правовая академия Министерства юстиции Российской Федерации.
Материалы по предмету
TASK 1. Study the text below, making sure you fully comprehend it. Where appropriate, consult English-Russian dictionaries and/or other reference & source books on law.
Jury
Jury is a body of people who are chosen to decide the truth of factual evidence in an action or legal proceeding and, on instruction of the court, to apply the law to the facts. Such a body is called a petit jury or trial jury. Traditionally, a trial jury consists of 12 people, often with one or two alternates.
From the History of Jury
The exact origin of the jury system is not known; various writers have attributed it to different European peoples who at an early period developed different methods of trial. It seems probable that the jury in England was derived directly from the Norman institution of recognition by sworn inquest, whereby 12 knights were chosen to serve as recognitors.
As early as the 12th century, it had become customary for suitors in certain cases affecting the title to real estate to apply to the King’s Court for the summoning of recognitors to ascertain, either from their own knowledge or on inquiry from others, the truth of the matter at issue; the verdict of the court, if unanimous, was accepted as conclusive. It was natural that other questions of fact arising in the King’s Court should be disposed of in a similar manner, and the gradual transformation of the recognitors into the jury followed as a matter of course. Originally, the jury members were not only judges of fact, but were also witnesses who were selected because of their knowledge of the customs and the people of the locality, and possibly of the suitors themselves. In the early 15th century, however, the judges of the courts of common law restricted the jury to the performance of its function as a judge of fact based on the evidence submitted in an action. This is the single function of the jury in modern practice.
Selection of a Jury in the US
In the US the selection of a jury starts when a large group of citizens is called to appear for jury duty at each term of court. They are selected according to constitutional provisions. Each state has its own qualifications for those who may serve on a jury. In general, all jurors must be US citizens, local residents, of approved integrity, and of reasonable intelligence. The group of jurors called at any one time is known as a panel. Both the state and federal courts have independent lists of jurors that are made up under the direction of officials known as commissioners of jurors. Jurors are paid, as provided by statute, for time spent serving on jury duty.
At a trial the selection of the jury is made subject to the direction of the presiding judge. The names of the prospective jurors are drawn by lot by the clerk of the court. Both the defense and the prosecution may examine the jurors to ascertain whether cause for challenge in any particular case exists—that is, whether circumstances exist that might improperly influence a juror’s decisions, such as bias or self-interest. The parties to the action or their attorneys may then exercise their right to eliminate undesirable members from the jury by means of challenge.
Functions of a Jury
After a satisfactory jury has been drawn, the jury is sworn, and the trial proceeds. In general, during the progress of a trial, all questions of law are determined by the court and questions of fact by the jury.
After all the evidence has been presented, the two counsels, first for the defendant and then for the plaintiff or prosecution, “sum up,” that is, each addresses the jury, reviewing the evidence in the case and commenting on it in a manner favorable to that counsel’s side of the case. The judge then makes a charge to the jury. The charge is a statement of the rules of law applicable to the evidence in that particular case. It is given in order to aid the jury in rendering a correct verdict. The jury then retires from the courtroom to begin deliberations. These deliberations continue until an agreement as to the verdict is reached, or until the presiding judge deems that the jury cannot reach an agreement. The latter case is known as a hung jury. In the event that no agreement is reached, a new trial may be called. All members of a jury must agree on a verdict, which in a civil trial may be “for the plaintiff” or “for the defendant,” and in a criminal trial “guilty” or “not guilty.” (In some states, however, the verdict in a civil trial need not be unanimous.) In a civil trial the jury is then empowered to set the amount of any damages. The verdict of a jury is decisive and cannot be disturbed unless rendered contrary to law or against the weight of evidence. In such a case the verdict may be set aside, either by the presiding judge or later on appeal.
TASK 2. Find the appropriate definitions:
отвод (присяжным, свидетелю), давать отвод
устанавливать; определять; выяснять; удостоверять
коллегия присяжных равного с подсудимым социального статуса
1) созывать 2) вызывать
jury of peers (jury of one’s peers)
1) присяжный 2) лицо, дающее обязательство в суде
расследование, дознание, следствие
список присяжных заседателей
явиться для заседания суда присяжных
to disturb the verdict
коллегия присяжных, не пришедших к единому мнению
поставить вопрос о пересмотре вердикта
report of jury service
TASK 3. Answer the following questions:
1) What is a jury?
2) What is known about the origin of a jury?
3) What was the procedure of affecting the title to real estate in XII century?
4) Who was a predecessor of a juror?
5) How the performance of jury’s function was changed in the early 15th century?
6) What do you know about the selection of a jury in the US?
7) How does a jury work?
TASK 4. True or false (correct if the statement is false)?
1. Petit jury is a jury of 12 persons empanelled to determine the facts of a case and decide the issue pursuant to the direction of the court on points of law.
2. The jury derived from Norman institution of recognition by sworn witnesses.
3. In the early 15th century the jury members were not only judges of fact, but also witnesses or possibly the suitors themselves.
4. Panel is a list of persons summoned for jury service.
5. Jurors are not paid for time spent serving on jury duty.
6. Only the judge has the right to challenge a juror in case of his bias or self-interest.
7. All questions of law are determined by the jury.
8. After all the evidence has been presented the judge “sums up,” reviewing the evidence in the case in order to aid the jury in rendering a correct verdict.
9. Hung jury is a trial jury duly selected to make a decision in a criminal case regarding a defendant’s guilt or innocence, but who are unable to reach a verdict due to a complete division in opinion.
10. The verdict of a jury is decisive and cannot be disturbed.
TASK 5. Study the text below, making sure you fully comprehend it. Where appropriate, consult English-Russian dictionaries and/or other reference & source books on law.
From the Juror’s Handbook (New York Court System)
INTRODUCTION
Being a juror does not require any special skills, expertise or education. The jury’s job is to determine the truth to the best of its ability on the basis of the evidence presented in a case.
COMMON QUESTIONS OF JURORS
How are people chosen to be called for jury service?
How long does a juror serve?
The juror summons generally indicates the length and exact dates of the term that a juror is expected to serve. Those who are selected are only required to serve on one trial. On average, the length of a trial ranges from three to five days.
Is it true that sometimes jurors are not allowed to go home until after the trial is over? Is this common?
As a general rule, jurors go home at the end of the day and return the next morning. There are occasions, however, that require a court to «sequester» a jury on a criminal case overnight during deliberation on a verdict. In extremely rare cases, a jury may be sequestered during the trial itself. «Sequestered» means that jurors do not go home at the end of the day, but stay in a hotel, where their access to other people and to radio and television news or newspapers is limited.
The expense of all meals and lodging for sequestered jurors is the responsibility of the Commissioner of Jurors of each county or the respective County Clerks in the City of New York.
Are jurors compensated?
A juror may waive his or her right to the per diem allowance.
What about the juror’s job?
Is possible to report for jury service but not sit on a jury?
Yes. In many cases, parties seek to settle their differences and to avoid the expense and time demanded by a trial.. Thus, while several trials may be scheduled for one particular day, the court cannot be certain until that morning, and sometimes afternoon, which cases will actually require a jury.
Who else will be in the courtroom?
A number of people will be in the courtroom in addition to the judge and jury. The list below explains who they are and what they may be doing.
Answer the following questions:
1) Why the jury is an arm of the court?
2) What is the jury’s job?
3) How prospective jurors are selected?
4) Who can be a juror?
5) What is the average length of a trial?
6) What is sequester and in what situations it is possible?
7) Does the juror receive his salary during jury service?
8) When is possible to report for jury service but not sit on a jury?
9) Who else can be in the courtroom and what are their functions?
TASK 6. (a) Study the text below, making sure you fully comprehend it. Where appropriate, consult English-Russian dictionaries and/or other reference & source books on law.
Famous American Trials
The O. J. Simpson Trial 1995
Orenthal James «O. J.» Simpson (born 1947) is a retired American football player, actor, spokesman, and convicted felon. He originally attained fame in sports as a running back at the collegiate and professional levels, and was the first NFL (National Football League) player.
In 1989, Simpson pleaded no contest to a domestic violence charge and was separated from his wife Nicole Brown, to whom he was paying child support. On June 12, 1994 Nicole Brown and her friend Ronald Goldman were found dead outside Brown’s condominium. Simpson was charged with their murders. The pursuit, arrest, and trial were among the most widely publicized in American history. The trial, often 
characterized as «the trial of the century». Even foreign leaders such as Margaret Thatcher and Boris Yeltsin eagerly gossiped about the trial. When Yeltsin stepped off his plane to meet President Clinton, the first question he asked was, «Do you think O. J. did it?» The trial culminated on October 3, 1995 in a jury verdict of not guilty for the two murders. The verdict was seen live on TV by more than half of the U.S. population, making it one of the most watched events in American TV history. Immediate reaction to the verdict was notable for its division along racial lines: polls showed that most African-Americans felt that justice had been served by the «not guilty» verdict, while most white Americans did not. O. J. Simpson’s defense counsel included Johnnie Cochran and F. Lee Bailey.
(b) Read the text about selection of the Jury for O. J. Simpson murder case and describe this procedure to your classmates in English:
Selection of the Jury
The racial composition of the jury was strongly influenced by the decision of the prosecution to file the Simpson case in downtown Los Angeles rather than (as is usually the case) in the judicial district where the crime occurred – in this case, Santa Monica. Had the case be filed in Santa Monica, the Simpson jury would have been mostly white instead of, as was the case, mostly African-American. With poll data showing that most whites believed Simpson to be guilty and most blacks believing him to be not guilty, the decision to file the case in Santa Monica may have been the biggest mistake the prosecution made.
Jury selection continued for two months. Judge Ito excluded from consideration potential jurors who violated his strict rules relating to exposure to the media. One juror was excluded for watching cartoons with her children, another for waking up to a clock radio. On October 18, Faye Resnick’s book on Nicole Simpson’s relationship with O. J. hit the bookstores, causing Ito to order a temporary halt to jury selection and to tell potential jurors «I forgot to tell you to stay out of bookstores.»
The defense poured great effort into the jury selection process. Consultant Dmitrius coordinated massive data on each of the jury finalists, including their answers to the questionnaire, responses and body language during voir dire, and other data the defense had managed to collect. This data was put into a computer and each juror ranked according to their likely sympathy to the defense.
By November 3, an initial jury of twelve had been selected. The jury consisted of 8 blacks, 2 Hispanics, 1 half-Caucasian, half Native American, and 1 Caucasian female. Fifteen alternates were selected over the next few weeks.
On December 4, the jury was assembled and given cautionary instructions by Judge Ito. They were told that the trial would begin on January 4, and that they could expect to be sequestered for the duration of the several-month trial.
(d) Answer the following questions:
1) What was the main mistake of the prosecution?
2) Why the questionnaire was so long? What were personal questions about? Why?
3) How long did the jury selection continue? Why?
4) Why did judge Ito order the potential jurors to stay out of the media and bookstores?
5) What is the purpose of voir dire?
6) What is the difference between challenge for cause and peremptory challenge?
7) What did the defense do to dissuade the prosecution from challenging some black jurors? Why?
8) Why the jurors were sequestered for the duration of the several-month trial?
TASK 7. The word TAX has the following meanings in legal Russian: 1)налог; 2) облагатьналогом; 3) таксировать, определятьразмер (осудебныхиздержках). Match the following English expressions with their Russian equivalents:
TYPES OF LEGAL PROFESSIONS
Who is who in the law?If you are prosecuted for a crime in Britain, you may meet the following people during your process through the courts:
Magistrates.Magistrates are unpaid judges, usually chosen from well-respected people in the local community. They are guided on points of law by an official, the clerk. There are magistrates’ courts in most towns.
Barristers.In more serious cases it is usual for the solicitor to hire a barrister to defend the accused. The barrister is trained in the law and in the skills required to argue a case in court. The barrister for the defence will be confronted by his or her opposite number, the prosecuting barrister who represents the state.
Jurors.A jury consists of twelve men and women from the local community. They sit in the Crown Court, with a judge, and listen towitnesses for the defence and prosecution before deciding whether the accused is guilty or innocent. In Britain the person is innocent unless found guilty: the prosecution has the burden of establishing guilt.
Coroners.Coroners have medical or legal training (or both) and inquire into violent or unnatural deaths.
Clerks of the court.Clerks look after administrative and legal matters in the courtroom.
Sentencing.The most common sentences are fines, prison and probation. Probation is used often with more minor offences. A person on probation must report to a local police station at regular intervals, which restricts his or her movement. A sentence of community service means that the convicted person has to spend several hours a week doing useful work in his locality.
A few more facts.Children under 10cannot be charged with a criminal offence.
Offenders between 10 and 17 are tried by special juvenile courts.
The death penalty technically still exists in Britain for some rare offences, such as treason, but is no longer used.
The punishment for murder is a life sentence. This can be much less than a lifetime in prison, depending on factors such as good behaviour.
WORDS AND PHRASES
treason [′tri:zn] — зрада
rare [гεə] – рідкісний
EXERCISES
1. Fill in the blanks:
7. A jury consists of. men and women from local community.
2. Read the following sentences and decide if they are true or false:
1. Juries sit in magistrates’courts.
2. Magistrates are legally qualified judges.
3. There are magistrates’ courts in most towns.
4. Solicitors are not legally qualified.
5. The solicitor represents the accused in court.
6. The state helps poorer suspects to pay for their defence.
7. Barristers are hired to defend the accused.
8. A jury consists of ten men and women from local community.
9. Barristers sit in the Crown Court and listen to witnesses for the defence and prosecution.
10. Crown Court judges decide on the guilt or innocence of the accused.
11. The judge passes sentence.
12. Children under 10 are tried by special juvenile courts.
13. The punishment for murder is a life sentence.
14. The most common punishment for crimes is probation.
3. Find words and expressions in the text which mean:
1. a public officer with authority to hear and decide cases in a law court;
2. say that smb has done wrong, broken the law, is to be blamed;
4. system when offenders are allowed to go unpunished for their first offence while they continue to live without further breaking of the law;
6. allow the use or services of smb for fixed payment;
7. body of twelve persons who give a decision on issues of fact in a case in a court of justice.
4. Answer the following questions:
1. Are magistrates legally qualified judges?
2. Who does the accused person need to see after he has been arrested?
3. Who may represent the accused in court?
4. In what cases does the solicitor hire a barrister?
5. How many people does a jury consist of?
6. Who has the right to decide whether the accused is guilty or innocent?
7. Where do judges sit?
8. Whose job is it to pass sentence?
9. What are the most common sentences?
10. What does a sentence of community service mean?
11. Can children under 10 be charged with a criminal offence?
12. Does the death penalty still exist in Britain?
13. What is the punishment for murder?
14. What is the most common punishment for crimes?