How old is coca cola

How old is coca cola

Преобразуйте, если это необходимо, слово MAKE так, чтобы оно грамматически соответствовало содержанию текста.

How old is Coca-Cola?

Do you know how old this popular drink is? In 1886 a chemist from Atlanta, John Pemberton, _________ a syrup from cola-nut extract, cocoa leaves, some vegetable extracts, caffeine, and sugar.

Преобразуйте, если это необходимо, слово ONE так, чтобы оно грамматически соответствовало содержанию текста.

He ran the ____________ advertisement for the beverage on May 29 of the same year in the Atlanta Journal.

The first − порядковое числительное.

Преобразуйте, если это необходимо, слово SERVE так, чтобы оно грамматически соответствовало содержанию текста.

He started ___________ the syrup diluted with soda-water to customers in his drugstore. That’s how the

Common verb followed by the infinitive with to — started to serve. Или герундий serving.

Преобразуйте, если это необходимо, слово INVENT так, чтобы оно грамматически соответствовало содержанию текста.

That’s how the world famous drink __________.

Past Simple Passive — was invented.

Преобразуйте, если это необходимо, слово OLD так, чтобы оно грамматически соответствовало содержанию текста.

We are a family of five. My ______________ sister, Heather, is in her second year in college. This year she could not find a book she needed.

Elder — старшая. Elder применяется к людям, которые принадлежат к одной семье: братьям, сестрам, сыновьям, дочерям.

Преобразуйте, если это необходимо, слово NOT HAVE так, чтобы оно грамматически соответствовало содержанию текста.

When the professor assigned reading from a hard-to-find book, 150 hands shot in the air to inform him they __________ it. He told them it had arrived at the bookstore that morning.

Past Simple Negative — did not have.

Ответ: did not have.

Преобразуйте, если это необходимо, слово BE так, чтобы оно грамматически соответствовало содержанию текста.

When the class was over, Heather sprinted to the bookstore, grabbed a copy and rushed to the cashier. The cashier saw Heather and began ringing the bell for assistance, a look of panic on her face. «How many ___________ there behind you?» she demanded.

Coca-Cola: от 1892 года до наших времён. История появления легендарного напитка и его роль в России

Чуть более месяца назад, 8 марта, на территории России приостановила свою работу одна из старейших компаний по производству газированных напитков The Coca-Cola Company, в том числе и её суббренды Fanta, Sprite, «Моя семья», «Добрый» и Bonaqua. Сегодня мы рассмотрим, с чего начиналось производство легендарного напитка Coke, почему в нём больше не используют алкоголь, когда бренд появился в России, что с собой принёс и на кого был рассчитан.

реклама

Джон Пембертон: фармацевт, заложивший основу огромного производства
По данным энциклопедии New Georgia, история колы началась в тот момент, когда фармацевт Джон Пембертон изобрёл напиток под названием Pemberton’s French Wine Coca. Как не трудно догадаться по названию, в состав входило чистейшее вино вперемешку с листьями перуанской коки (кустарникового растения, задействованного в производстве стимулирующего наркотика кокаина) и «орехами кола». По мнению автора, напиток стал для него самым лучшим тонизирующим средством из всех, что он пробовал. Он также способствовал пищеварению, укреплял мышечную и нервную системы.

«Сухой закон» непосредственно повлиял на колу
Самое большое изменение в составе пришлось на 1886 год. Тогда в родном городе Пембертона Атланте, где он проживал, ввели т.н. «сухой закон», запрещающий продажу алкогольных напитков. Вино из состава пришлось исключить, однако его всё ещё нужно было чем-то заменить. Хорошим вариантом послужил обыкновенный сахар.

Знаменитый логотип, придуманный бухгалтером
Бухгалтер Пембертона Фрэнк Робинсон, когда напиток «выстрелил», предложил продавать его под логотипом Coca-Cola. Причина ясна: в его приготовлении участвовали листья коки и «орехи кола». Сама надпись Coca-Cola появилась, когда Робинсон плавно написал её на листе бумаги, подчеркнув незаурядность названия прорезами, соединениями и точками.

Ещё один фармацевт в истории колы
Когда бренд стал действительно популярен, его купил другой фармацевт – Аса Григгс Кэндлер. Он в 1892 году основал компанию Coca-Cola, а в 1893 положил начало торговой марке. Архивы этих событий хранятся в Патентном ведомстве США.

реклама

Она побывала в космосе
С тех пор прошло много лет. Компания Coca-Cola пережила две мировые войны, наблюдала за тем, как Эйнштейн писал теорию относительности, как создавался и распадался Советский Союз. Ещё одной интересной эпохой в развитии колы стал её полёт в космос. В 1985 году Coca-Cola, опередив Pepsico, разработала контейнер для космического корабля «Челленджер». Вскоре кола стала первым безалкогольным напитком, который открыли в космосе, а Coca-Cola, «Coke» или просто кола стало вторым по популярности словом в мире. Первое – «OK».

Роль газировки в России. Как она попала в СССР
Как бы странно это ни звучало, первым известным поклонником сладкой газировки в Советском Союзе был маршал Жуков. Во время его личной встречи с 34-м президентом США Дуайтом Эйзенхауэром тот угостил его напитком, от которого Жуков пришёл в восторг, попросив поставить ему некоторое количество (около пятидесяти ящиков) прямо в штаб. Единственным условием стала просьба сделать колу бесцветной.

В более-менее массовое обращение в СССР кола вошла после Олимпиады 1980 года. Этого бы, возможно, не произошло, если бы руководство компании не настояло на спонсорстве Олимпиады, несмотря на запреты со стороны правительства США, решившего бойкотировать соревнования. В тот год Coca-Cola объявила, что считает себя компанией международного масштаба и видит своё место вне каких-либо геополитических конфликтов. Иными словами, бизнес есть бизнес.

реклама

Официально газировка после Олимпиады из СССР пропала, но уже 24 января 1985 газета The New York Times сообщила сенсационную новость: «Советы разрешили продажу Coca‑Cola». Этому сопутствовали длительные переговоры с высшим руководством Союза. Первые 2 завода Coca-Cola появились в России в 1992 году. Во второй половине 1990-х заводы открыли в Санкт-Петербурге, Нижнем Новгороде, Самаре, Новосибирске, Орле, Красноярске, Екатеринбурге и Владивостоке.

Вклад в экономику России
По данным представительства coca-cola.ru на территории РФ, с 1979 по 2022 год Coca‑Cola инвестировала в российскую экономику более 6 млрд долларов. Её совокупные налоговые отчисления составляют 0.2% от всех налоговых поступлений в бюджет РФ. До ухода с рынка компания создавала 7 000 рабочих мест. Каждое из них в свою очередь создавало до 9 рабочих мест у ее поставщиков и клиентов, поэтому суммарное количество превышает 60 тыс. дополнительных рабочих мест.

Неоценимый вклад Coca‑Cola вложила в переработку отходов, организацию спортивных мероприятий, образование и развитие молодёжи. Компания вела сотрудничество с Эрмитажем и Российским Красным Крестом, оказывая помощь пострадавшим от стихийных бедствий.

The Coca-Cola Company

Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article.

Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article.

Read a brief summary of this topic

The Coca-Cola Company, American corporation founded in 1892 and today engaged primarily in the manufacture and sale of syrup and concentrate for Coca-Cola, a sweetened carbonated beverage that is a cultural institution in the United States and a global symbol of American tastes. The company also produces and sells other soft drinks and citrus beverages. With more than 2,800 products available in more than 200 countries, Coca-Cola is the largest beverage manufacturer and distributor in the world and one of the largest corporations in the United States. Headquarters are in Atlanta, Georgia.

The post-World War II years saw diversification in the packaging of Coca-Cola and the development or acquisition of new products. The trademark “Coke,” first used in advertising in 1941, was registered in 1945. In 1946 the company purchased rights to Fanta, a soft drink previously developed in Germany. The contoured Coca-Cola bottle, first introduced in 1916, was registered in 1960. The company also introduced the lemon-lime drink Sprite in 1961 and its first diet cola, sugar-free Tab, in 1963. With its purchase of Minute Maid Corporation in 1960, the company entered the citrus juice market. It added the brand Fresca in 1966.

In 1978 Coca-Cola became the only company allowed to sell cold packaged beverages in the People’s Republic of China. In 1982 the company introduced its low-calorie sugar-free soft drink Diet Coke (originally named Diet Coca-Cola). In an effort to address its decline in market share, the company adopted a new flavour of Coca-Cola in April 1985, using a formula it developed through taste tests. New Coke was not well received, however. Owing to the public outcry, Coca-Cola revived its original flavour in July, which was then marketed as Coca-Cola Classic. From 1982 to 1989 the company held a controlling interest in Columbia Pictures Industries, Inc., a motion-picture and entertainment company.

New markets opened up for Coca-Cola in the early 1990s; the company began selling products in East Germany in 1990 and in India in 1993. In 1992 the company introduced its first bottle made partially from recycled plastic—a major innovation in the industry at the time. Coca-Cola created many new beverages during the 1990s, including the Asia-marketed Qoo children’s fruit drink, Powerade sports drink, and Dasani bottled water. Coca-Cola also acquired Barq’s root beer in the United States; Inca Kola in Peru; Maaza, Thums Up, and Limca in India; and Cadbury Schweppes beverages, which were sold in more than 120 countries across the globe.

In the early 2000s Coca-Cola faced allegations of illegal soil and water pollution, as well as allegations of severe human rights violations. In 2001 the United Steelworkers of America and the International Labor Rights Fund (ILRF) filed a lawsuit against Coca-Cola and Bebidas y Alimentos and Panamerican Beverages, Inc. (also known as Panamco LLC; the primary bottlers of Coca-Cola’s beverages in Latin America), claiming that the defendants had openly engaged so-called “death squads” to intimidate, torture, kidnap, and even murder union officials in Latin America. The controversy gained worldwide attention and led several American universities to ban the sale of Coca-Cola products on their campuses. The lawsuit was eventually dismissed.

In 2005 the company introduced Coca-Cola Zero, a zero-calorie soft drink with the taste of regular Coca-Cola. In 2007 the company acquired Energy Brands, Inc., along with its variously enhanced waters. That same year Coca-Cola announced that it would join the Business Leaders Initiative on Human Rights (BLIHR), a group of companies working together to develop and implement corporate responses to human rights issues that affect the business world.

The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica This article was most recently revised and updated by Adam Zeidan.

The History of Coca-Cola

John Pemberton was the inventor of Coca-Cola

Getty Images / Justin Sullivan

In May 1886, Coca-Cola was invented by Doctor John Pemberton, a pharmacist from Atlanta, Georgia. According to the Coca-Cola Company, Pemberton developed the syrup for the famed beverage, which was sampled at the local Jacob’s Pharmacy and deemed to be «excellent.» The syrup was combined with carbonated water to create a new «Delicious and Refreshing» drink. Pemberton concocted the famed Coca-Cola formula in a three-legged brass kettle in his backyard.

Birth of Coca-Cola

The name of Coca-Cola was a suggestion given by Pemberton’s bookkeeper Frank Robinson. As the recipe for the syrup called for coca leaf extract and caffeine from the kola nut, the name Coca Kola was easy to come up with. However, Robinson, who was known for having excellent penmanship, thought that using two Cs in the name would look striking in advertising. As such kola became cola, and the brand name was born. Robinson can also be credited with creating the first scripted «Coca-Cola» using the flowing letters that serve as the famous logo of today.

Asa Candler

While the Coca-Cola Company denies this claim, historical evidence shows that it is likely that, until 1905, the soft drink, which was marketed as a tonic, contained extracts of cocaine as well as the caffeine-rich kola nut. While cocaine wasn’t considered illegal until 1914, according to Live Science, Candler began removing cocaine from the recipe in the early 1900s, and traces of cocaine may have been present in the famous beverage until 1929 when scientists were able to perfect the removal of all psychoactive elements from the coca-leaf extract.

Advertising was an important factor in the successful sales of Coca-Cola, and by the turn of the century, the drink was sold across the United States and Canada. Around the same time, the company began selling syrup to independent bottling companies licensed to sell the drink. Even today, the U.S. soft drink industry is organized on this principle.

Death of the Soda Fountain; Rise of the Bottling Industry

Until the 1960s, both small-town and big-city dwellers enjoyed carbonated beverages at the local soda fountain or ice cream saloon. Often housed in the drugstore, the soda fountain counter served as a meeting place for people of all ages. Often combined with lunch counters, the soda fountain declined in popularity as commercial ice cream, bottled soft drinks, and fast-food restaurants became popular.

The Birth and Death of New Coke

On April 23, 1985, the trade secret «New Coke» formula was launched in response to declining sales thanks to an increasingly competitive cola market. However, the new recipe was considered a failure. Coca-Cola fans had a negative, some say hostile, reaction to the new recipe, and within three months, the original cola that captured the hearts and tastebuds of the public returned. The return of the original cola taste came with new branding of Coca-Cola Classic. New Coke remained on the shelves, and in 1992 was rebranded Coke II, before finally being discontinued in 2002.

Advertising Efforts: «I’d Like to Buy the World a Coke»

In 1969, The Coca-Cola Company and its advertising agency, McCann-Erickson, ended their popular «Things Go Better With Coke» campaign, replacing it with a campaign that centered on the slogan «It’s the Real Thing.» Beginning with a hit song, the new campaign featured what proved to be one of the most popular ads ever created.

The song «I’d Like to Buy the World a Coke» was the brainchild of Bill Backer, the creative director on the Coca-Cola As he explained to songwriters Billy Davis and Roger Cook, «I could see and hear a song that treated the whole world as if it were a person — a person the singer would like to help and get to know. I’m not sure how the lyric should start, but I know the last line.» With that he pulled out the paper napkin on which he had scribbled the line, «I’d like to buy the world a Coke and keep it company.»

A Commercial Success

The television ad «I’d Like to Buy the World a Coke» was released in the United States in July 1971 and the response was immediate and dramatic. By November of that year, Coca-Cola and its bottlers had received more than 100,000 letters about the ad. Demand for the song was so great, many people called radio stations and asked deejays to play the commercial.

«I’d Like to Buy the World a Coke» made a lasting connection with the viewing public. Advertising surveys consistently identify it as one of the best commercials of all time, and the sheet music continues to sell more than 30 years after the song was written. A tribute to the success of the campaign, the commercial resurfaced over 40 years after it first launched, making an appearance in the finale of the hit TV show «Mad Men» in 2015.

History of Coca-Cola

Origins of the Formula

Coca-Cola was first introduced on May 8, 1886 by a pharmacist named Dr. John S. Pemberton. The recipe for Coca-Cola removed the alcohol present in Pemberton’s previous drink recipe for Pemberton’s French Wine Coca, as prohibition legislation had been passed in Atlanta, Georgia. The original recipe was initially sold as a patent medicine in soda fountain stores with the claim that it would be a remedy for ailments including heartburn, nausea, and headaches. Dr. Pemberton’s bookkeeper, Frank M. Robinson, is credited with designing the trademarked logo and with naming the beverage “Coca-Cola”.

John S. Pemberton, image courtesy of Wikimedia Commons

Expansion

Prior to Pemberton’s death in 1888, he sold portions of his company to a few different parties with a majority of the business being sold to a local Atlanta businessman named Asa G. Candler. By 1889, Candler acquired the rights to the formula as well as the “Coca-Cola” name and brand. He incorporated The Coca-Cola Company in 1892 and expanded distribution of the Coca-Cola syrup concentrate to soda fountains beyond Atlanta. Candler also promoted the drink by giving away free drink vouchers and outfitting pharmacies and soda fountains with items bearing Coca-Cola branding.

Bottling

The marketing and promotions of Coca Cola led to a significant increase in demand, and in 1894 a Mississippi businessman by the name of Joseph Biedenharn began bottling the beverage, making it portable. By 1895, Candler had built syrup plants in multiple cities including Dallas, Chicago, and Los Angeles to deal with increasing demand. Although Candler was a savvy businessman, he did not realize that the future of Coca-Cola would be in portable bottles rather than soda fountains. In 1899, Candler sold the exclusive rights to bottle the beverage to two lawyers named Benjamin Thomas and Joseph Whitehead.

As the beverage continued to gain popularity in bottle form, counterfeit Coca-Cola beverages began being produced by copy-cats. This led to The Coca-Cola Company advertising its product as genuine and running campaigns to urge the public to “demand the genuine”. In 1916, the first contour-shaped bottles began being manufactured. This signature bottle design allowed The Coca-Cola Company to distinguish its product from the imitations.

coca-cola_bottle_inspection
Image courtesy of Ben Franske

Going Global

In 1919, The Coca-Cola Company was sold to a group of investors led by a man named Ernest Woodruff. In 1923, his son Robert W. Woodruff was elected President of the company. Woodruff expanded the company and brought Coca-Cola to the rest of the world. Coca-Cola began distributing bottles as “Six-packs”, encouraging customers to purchase the beverage for their home. In 1928, Coca-Cola was introduced as a sponsor for the Olympics Games, giving the company even more international exposure and starting a tradition that continues to this day.

coca_cola_drinkende_deelnemers_olympische_spelen_ 1952
Image courtesy of Harry Pot / Anefo

In 1941, the U.S. entered World War II, and the demand for Coca-Cola from U.S. soldiers serving overseas increased tremendously. Under Woodruff’s leadership, The Coca-Cola Company began building bottling plants overseas to meet demand. From the mid 1940s until 1960, the number of countries with bottling plants almost doubled, laying the foundation for Coca-Cola to do business abroad.

Coke products
Image courtesy of Oilpanhands at en.wikipedia

Fun fact: From 1886 to 1959, the price of Coca-Cola was fixed at five cents.

After World War II, international consumers of Coca-Cola requested more options when purchasing the beverage. Up until the mid 1950’s, Coca-Cola was sold in a 6.5-ounce glass contour bottle. This finally changed when Coca-Cola began producing bigger sizes in 1955 and eventually metal cans in 1960. By 1977, the company began producing its first plastic 2-liter bottles.

Coca-Cola Advertising

Advertising has always been an important part of the The Coca-Cola Company. Throughout the years, the jingles and famous slogans cultivated an image of Coca-Cola as being a fun and refreshing beverage. This was showcased in Coca-Cola’s famous “I’d Like to Buy the World a Coke” commercial released in 1971.

Fun Fact: Santa has been featured in Coca-Cola Advertisements since the 1920s.

Debut of Diet Coke and New Coke

In 1981, Roberto C. Goizueta became chairman of the board of directors and CEO of The Coca-Cola Company. Goizueta organized the various U.S. Coca-Cola bottling operations into a new public company, Coca‑Cola Enterprises Inc. Goizueta was committed to innovation, and under his new leadership the company launched Diet Coke, the first extension of the Coca-Cola trademark. Diet Coke was very popular and within a few years it became the most popular low-calorie soft-drink in the world. After the success of Diet Coke, Goizueta began an initiative to reformulate Coca-Cola to develop a new taste. In 1985, New Coke was introduced as the first change in the formula in nearly 100 years. New Coke was a success in taste test trials, but the public quickly demanded that the company revert back to the original formula, which was brought back to the market as Coca-Cola Classic. New Coke was eventually discontinued in 2002 after unimpressive sales.

Coca-Cola has become one of the most recognizable brands and trademarks in the world. With over 1.7 billion servings of Coca-Cola products being served each day, Coca-Cola continues to be one of the world’s most ubiquitous beverages.

Are you visiting Atlanta, Georgia? Visit the World of Coca-Cola museum!

Read more about Coca-Cola’s history on the Coca-Cola Company website.

A Brooklyn native, Nabil loves traveling, cooking, and riding his bike to the beach. He joined InterExchange in 2014 and currently assists international participants with obtaining J-1 Visa sponsorship as the Admissions Coordinator for Career Training USA.