How to install selenium

Getting started

Selenium supports automation of all the major browsers in the market through the use of WebDriver. WebDriver is an API and protocol that defines a language-neutral interface for controlling the behaviour of web browsers. Each browser is backed by a specific WebDriver implementation, called a driver. The driver is the component responsible for delegating down to the browser, and handles communication to and from Selenium and the browser.

This separation is part of a conscious effort to have browser vendors take responsibility for the implementation for their browsers. Selenium makes use of these third party drivers where possible, but also provides its own drivers maintained by the project for the cases when this is not a reality.

The Selenium framework ties all of these pieces together through a user-facing interface that enables the different browser backends to be used transparently, enabling cross-browser and cross-platform automation.

Selenium setup is quite different from the setup of other commercial tools. Before you can start writing Selenium code, you have to install the language bindings libraries for your language of choice, the browser you want to use, and the driver for that browser.

Follow the links below to get up and going with Selenium WebDriver.

If you wish to start with a low-code/record and playback tool, please check Selenium IDE

Once you get things working, if you want to scale up your tests, check out the Selenium Grid.

Install a Selenium library

Setting up the Selenium library for your favourite programming language.

Install browser drivers

Setting up your system to allow a browser to be automated.

Open and close a browser with Selenium

Code examples for starting and stopping a session with each browser.

Write your first Selenium script

Step-by-step instructions for constructing a Selenium script

Upgrade to Selenium 4

Are you still using Selenium 3? This guide will help you upgrade to the latest release!

Selenium для Python. Глава 1. Установка

Представляю перевод неофициальной документации Selenium для Python.
Перевод сделан с разрешения автора Baiju Muthukadan.
Оригинал можно найти здесь.

Предисловие от автора статьи

Selenium WebDriver – это программная библиотека для управления браузерами. WebDriver представляет собой драйверы для различных браузеров и клиентские библиотеки на разных языках программирования, предназначенные для управления этими драйверами.

По сути своей использование такого веб-драйвера сводится к созданию бота, выполняющего всю ручную работу с браузером автоматизированно.

Чаще всего Selenium WebDriver используется для тестирования функционала веб-сайтов/веб-ориентированных приложений. Автоматизированное тестирование удобно, потому что позволяет многократно запускать повторяющиеся тесты. Регрессионное тестирование, то есть, проверка, что старый код не перестал работать правильно после внесения новых изменений, является типичным примером, когда необходима автоматизация. WebDriver предоставляет все необходимые методы, обеспечивает высокую скорость теста и гарантирует корректность проверки (поскольку человеский фактор исключен). В официальной документации Selenium приводятся следующие плюсы автоматизированного тестирования веб-приложений:

Также одной из незаменимых особенностей Selenium WebDriver является ожидание загрузки страницы. Сюда можно отнести случаи, когда парсинг данных на странице невозможен из-за страниц перенаправления или ожидания, содержащих примерно такой текст: «Подождите, страница загружается». Такие страницы, само собой разумеется, не является целью парсинга, однако обойти их часто не представляется возможным. Естественно, без Selenium WebDriver. Selenium WebDriver позволяет в таких случаях «ожидать», как ожидал бы человек, пока на странице, к примеру, не появится элемент с необходимым именем.

Еще один плюс Selenium заключен в том, что действия веб-драйвера видимы визуально и требуют минимального времени нахождения на странице, это позволяет с удобством демонстрировать функционал сайта, когда необходима презентация сервиса.

Некоторые проблемы WebDriver (из сети и личного опыта):

Содержание:

1. Установка

1.1. Введение

Привязка Selenium к Python предоставляет собой простой API [Интерфейс программирования приложений (англ. Application Programming Interface) — Прим. пер.] для написания тестов функциональности/тестов соответствия требованиям с использованием веб-драйвера Selenium WebDriver. С помощью Selenium Python API вы можете интуитивно просто получить доступ ко всему функционалу Selenium WebDriver.

Привязка Python-Selenium предоставляет удобный API для доступа к таким веб-драйверам Selenium как Firefox, Ie, Chrome, Remote и других. На данный момент поддерживаются версии Python 2.7, 3.2, 3.3 и 3.4.

В данной документации рассмотрен Selenium 2 WebDriver API. Selenium 1 / Selenium RC API в ней не охвачены.

1.2. Загрузка Selenium для Python

Для создания изолированной среды Python вы можете использовать virtualenv. Также библиотека Python 3.4 содержит модуль pyvenv, который практически аналогичен virtualenv.

1.3. Подробная инструкция для пользователей Windows

Примечание
Для данной инсталляции вам необходим доступ к сети Интернет.

1.4. Загрузка Selenium server

Примечание
Selenium server необходим в случаях, когда вы хотите использовать remote WebDriver [удаленный — Прим. пер.]. За дополнительной информацией обращайтесь к разделу Использование Selenium с remote WebDriver. Если вы только начинаете изучать Selenium, вы можете пропустить этот раздел и продолжить изучение со следующей главы.

Selenium server написан на языке Java. Для его запуска рекомендована среда Java Runtime Environment (JRE) версии 1.6 или выше.

Вы можете скачать Selenium server 2.x на странице загрузок сайта selenium. Имя файла должно выглядеть примерно таким образом: selenium-server-standalone-2.x.x.jar. Вы всегда можете загрузить последнюю версию Selenium server 2.x.

Если Java Runtime Environment (JRE) не установлена в вашей системе, вы можете скачать JRE с сайта Oracle. Если вы используете системы GNU/Linux и имеете права root [права администратора — Прим. пер.], вы так же можете установить JRE, используя инструкции вашей системы.

Если команда java доступна в PATH (переменная окружения), вы можете запустить Selenium server используя следующую команду:

Замените 2.x.x актуальной версией Selenium server, скачанной вами с сайта.

Если JRE установлена под пользователем, не обладающим правами root и/или если она недоступна в переменной окружения PATH, вы можете ввести относительный или полный путь до файла java. Аналогично, вы можете дополнить имя jar-файла Selenium server до относительного или полного пути. После этого команда будет выглядеть так:

How to Install Selenium in Python?

Selenium Scripts are built to do some tedious tasks which can be automated using headless web browsers.
For example, Searching for some Questions on Different Search engines and storing results in a file by visiting each link. This task can take a long for a normal human being but with the help of selenium scripts one can easily do it
Now, Some of You may be wondering what is headless web browsers. It’s nothing but a browser that can be controlled using these selenium scripts for automation(web tasks). Selenium Scripts can be programmed using various languages such as JavaScript, Java, Python, etc.
How to Use selenium with Python and Linux Environment.
Python should already be installed. It can be 2.* or 3.* version.
Steps:

Installing Selenium

Whatever Operating System You are Using Python command is Same for Installing Selenium Library.
First Method
Open Terminal/Cmd and Write Command as written Below

Second Method
Alternatively, you can download the source distribution here, unarchive it, and run the command below:

Installing Webdrivers

One Can Install Firefox, Chromium, PhantomJs(Deprecated Now), etc.

In this article, Firefox is used so One can Follow the Below Steps to Install:-
Steps for Linux:-
1. Go to the geckodriver releases page. Find the latest version of the driver for your platform and download it.
For example:

2. Extract the file with:

3. Make it executable:

4. Move Files to usr/local/bin

Steps for Windows:-
1. Same as Step 1 in Linux Download the GeckoDriver
2. Extract it using WinRar or any application you may have.
3. Add it to Path using Command Prompt

selenium 4.4.0

pip install selenium Copy PIP instructions

Released: Aug 9, 2022

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License: Apache Software License (Apache 2.0)

Requires: Python

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Project description

Introduction

Python language bindings for Selenium WebDriver.

The selenium package is used to automate web browser interaction from Python.

Several browsers/drivers are supported (Firefox, Chrome, Internet Explorer), as well as the Remote protocol.

Supported Python Versions

Installing

If you have pip on your system, you can simply install or upgrade the Python bindings:

Alternately, you can download the source distribution from PyPI (e.g. selenium-4.4.0.tar.gz), unarchive it, and run:

Note: You may want to consider using virtualenv to create isolated Python environments.

Drivers

Failure to observe this step will give you an error selenium.common.exceptions.WebDriverException: Message: ‘geckodriver’ executable needs to be in PATH.

Other supported browsers will have their own drivers available. Links to some of the more popular browser drivers follow.

Example 0:

Example 1:

Example 2:

Selenium WebDriver is often used as a basis for testing web applications. Here is a simple example using Python’s standard unittest library:

Selenium Server (optional)

For normal WebDriver scripts (non-Remote), the Java server is not needed.

However, to use Selenium Webdriver Remote or the legacy Selenium API (Selenium-RC), you need to also run the Selenium server. The server requires a Java Runtime Environment (JRE).

How to Install Selenium

By Priya Pedamkar

Introduction to Selenium

For working on Selenium, firstly, we need to install the three main items: Eclipse for Integrated Development Environment(IDE), advanced version of Java Development Kit (JDK), and obviously the Selenium jar package. Then Open Eclipse and load the Selenium Jar files for including API classes from Selenium Library files. Now, create a new java project under the latest JDK, which lands on the Project workspace. The next step is to create a new package and class under the previously created source, name the package and class, choose the main method, interfaces, access modifiers, etc., and finally click on the build path followed by configure build path to load the external selenium jar.

How to Install Selenium?

Given below are the steps required to install Selenium:

Web development, programming languages, Software testing & others

The URL for the official website is as below:

Installation of JDK is a minimum requirement to install the Selenium. The Selenium jars can be added to the project, which is on top of the existing Java runtime library.

Step 2: The Java development kit can be downloaded from the official website, which is free of cost as it is open source and can be used by anyone. Click on the Download button as shown in the below figure. After downloading the file, it needs to be installed using the Windows Program Installer.

Step 4: After downloading the above file, install the program, and the below window appears. Click Next as shown in the below installation window.

Step 5: After clicking Next, the below windows appears. The options available can be left to default without making any other changes.

Step 6: Again, click Next > then the below installation status window appears. It takes a few seconds in order to complete the installation process.

Step 7: Once the installation completes, the below window appears with the success message showing as below.

Step 8: Click on Close; the installation is finished, and the installed directory can be checked from the C Drive, and the JDK-11.0.2 folder can be seen as below. After installation, the JDK folder will be created in the C Drive as mentioned during the installation time, which was by default. This drive location or installation location can be changed upon requirement during the installation time itself.

Step 9: Now download the Selenium Jars from the Selenium official website https://www.selenium.dev/downloads/ as shown below: The below is the official website of the Selenium Software. There are different client versions and releases available for different languages which support the usage of Selenium with cross-platform applications. These will be the Selenium framework-related libraries with many types of applications to work with.

Step 10: Click on the Download button as shown above for the Java-related Selenium jars. The above-selected option is for the Java programming language of client version 3.1.41.59 for the mentioned release date. The respective Javadoc can be found to the right side of the Download button.

Step 11: After downloading the above Jars, open the Eclipse IDE, create a new project, and load the above jars into the Project Build Path to use the API classes from the Selenium library.

Step 12: Click on File Menu and Select New and then select Project. This option will give the developer to create the new project in the particular workspace which was chosen while opening the Eclipse IDE, or the workspace can be changed later based upon the requirement, and then the below window appears.

Step 13: Select Java Project and then click Next > now the below window appears. This option will enable the user to create a Java project specifically.

Step 14: Enter the Project Name and latest JDK (Java Development Kit) version; the JDK version can be of JDK 8.0 or above and click Next > as shown in the below picture. Any other latest JDK version can also be selected based upon the requirement and the functionalities required to develop in the project.

Step 15: The below window appears after clicking the Next button as below:

Step 16: Now click finish in order to complete the project creation. Now the Project structure with an empty source folder named src. Now create a new package and new Class under the source folder, as shown below.

Step 17: Now the below window appears, enter the package name and class name and then click Finish to create. There are also other options to choose Access Modifiers, Interfaces to Add and other stubs to create the main method, constructors or inherited abstract methods by default while creating the Class itself.

Step 18: Now the Project setup is ready, and the Jars can be loaded to Build Path to install Selenium.

Step 19: Now right click on the Project and select Build Path and then select Configure Build Path option under the Build Path options as shown below.

Step 20: Now the below window appears as shown below:

Step 21: Now click on libraries tab and then click on Add External Jars to add the Selenium jars into the Project Build Path.

Now the window appears as below:

Step 22: The above Jars are available within the Selenium Jars folder. The other Jars whichever are needed can also be added to the Build Path which supports any other libraries.

Step 23: Now the remaining code development can be carried out in the Project as per the business requirement.­­

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