How was jackson going to get rid

How was jackson going to get rid

Технология выполнения задания-заполнения пропусков грамматической формой, образованной от опорных слов

1. Прочитайте заголовок и весь текст, чтобы понять его общее содержание, т.к. это поможет правильно употребить пропущенные формы.

2. Прочитайте текст по предложениям, стараясь вписать в пропуски подходящее слово. При этом нужно определить, какая именно требуется грамматическая форма от опорного слова в соответствии со смыслом текста. Заполните сначала пропуски, где Вы уверены в ответе.

3. Заполните оставшиеся пропуски. Если Вы не уверены, все равно впишите слова, которые кажутся Вам наиболее приемлемыми.

Перечитайте текст со вставленными словами и убедитесь, что они соответствуют тексту грамматически и правильно написаны

Навык употребления лексических единиц

В соответствии с сочетаемостью слов

Задание:

Предложите, какие ошибки допускались учащимися в следующих тестовых вопросах, и каковы причины их возникновения.

А) When the amount of energy we spend is greater than the amount we build, there is a lowering of the energy supply in our bodies. This produces a state that we need to understand and ________________.

1) omit 2) reject 3) neglect 4) avoid

B) … We become diseased! It means that you should be ___________ of how you spend your precious energy.

1) aware 2) acquainted 3) familiar 4) accustomed

C) Many of the habits of daily living that we _____________________ for granted drain far more energy that we realize.

1) get 2) receive 3) have 4) take

D) If you run _________________ of energy, you feel lethargic and you may get sick. Hence, try not to spend energy excessively.

1) back 2) out 3) through 4) behind

РМ № 18

Задание:

Назовите, какие методические принципы использованы для повторения лексики в следующих заданиях.

Travel and transport

Topic vocabulary in contrast

A. Choose the correct answer.

1. You need a passport to cross the _________ between Mexico and the United States.

a. edge b. line c. border d. rim

2. The brochure says that the hotel has a great ____________ of the sea.

a. appearance b. look c. sight d. view

B. Circle the correct word.

I get the train to work every day and the fare / free is quite expensive.

Captain Cook discovered Australia on a voyage / travel to the Pacific.

Most tourist attractions in London charge an admission fee / ticket.

The sunset over Niagara Falls really is a magnificent look / sight.

РМ № 19

Задание:

Какой навык, необходимый для правильного употребления ЛЕ требуется в следующем задании?

Phrases and collocations

Write one word in each gap.

1. The speed ………………. in towns is 30 km/h and you shouldn’t go faster than that.

2. Why don’t we ……………….. the scenic route along the coast?

3. If you buy your plane ticket ………………. advance, it’s often cheaper than if you wait.

РМ № 20

Задание:

Какие методические принципы использованы для повторения фразовых глаголов в заданиях А-С?

Phrasal verbs

A. Complete using the correct form of the words in the box.

catch check get go make pick pull see

1. Every Saturday night my dad ……………………. us up outside the cinema.

2. I think the neighbours have …………… away for the weekend.

3. John’s up ahead so Greg is pedaling fast to …………………. up with him.

4. We’re going on holiday tomorrow, but we’ll call you when we ………… back.

B. Write a phrasal verb in the correct form to replace the words in italics. Add any other words you need.

1. We can start our journey …………………….. towards the mountains at dawn.

2. Dad fetched the luggage while Mum registered …………………… at the hotel.

3. I asked the taxi driver to let me get out …………………… outside the train station.

C. Complete each second sentence using the word given so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence. Write between two and five words in each gap.

1. I don’t know how you can stand getting up so early to go to the pool. put

I don’t know how you can ………………………………… up so early to go to the pool.

2. I’ve finally started sorting out my postcard collection. round

I’ve finally ……………………………………………… sorting out my postcard collection.

РМ № 21

Задание:

Просмотрите следующие задания и определите степень их эффективности в подготовке к написанию текста.

A. Read these sentences from the text and choose the correct answer. Look at the text again and the options given in the task if necessary.

1. Ashley Gray unlocked the door to the garage, swung it open and A21___________ the lights on.

a. the garage is dark and Ashley makes it light.

b. the garage is light and Ashley makes it dark.

2. It had been expensive and he was A22_____________ of the fact that he had earned the money to buy it himself without any help from his parents.

a. he feels good about buying it with his own money.

b. he feels bad about buying it with his own money.

Прочитайте текст с пропусками, обозначенными номерами А21-А28. эти номера соответствуют заданиям А21-А28, в которых представлены возможные варианты ответов. Обведите номер выбранного вами варианта ответа.

Ashley Gray unlocked the door to the garage, swung it open and A21___________ the lights on. A drum kit sat in the middle of the garage. Next to it there was a keyboard on a stand and to the side were three speakers. Ashley’s group, Cat’s Eye, had been using the garage to practice for a few months now. Ashley opened his guitar case and took his guitar out. It had been expensive and he was A22__________ of the fact that he had earned the money to buy it himself without any help from his parents.

B. 1) Write a word from the box in each gap to complete the sentences.

burgled mugged robbed stolen

1. I hope you weren’t in the bank when it was being _______________________.

2. Oh no! I think my wallet’s been _____!

3. Our neighbours house was _________________ again last night.

4. Alan was _________________ in the street last night; he was hurt but his attackers ran off

before they could steal anything.

Прочитайте текст с пропусками, обозначенными номерами А21-А28. эти номера соответствуют заданиям А21-А28, в которых представлены возможные варианты ответов. Обведите номер выбранного вами варианта ответа.

Tonya didn’t know whether to laugh or cry. She certainly knew she’d never been in a situation like this before, and hoped she never would again. She also knew that the worst A21 _________ would be to panic. She had to stay calm. She sat on a bench to think things through. ‘I’m in a foreign country,’ she said to herself. ‘All my money, my mobile phone and my passport were in my bag. My bag’s been A22____________. Or maybe I just left it somewhere – I don’t know. Should I go to the police or the embassy?’

C. 1) Read the text with gaps A21-A28 and answer the questions.

1. How was Jackson going to A21 ______________ rid of Simon?

Jackson wants Simon to:

2. ‘Could you put me A22 ______________, Jackson?

Simon is asking Jackson for:

2) Circle the correct word to complete the patterns.

Прочитайте текст с пропусками, обозначенными номерами А21-А28. эти номера соответствуют заданиям А21-А28, в которых представлены возможные варианты ответов. Обведите номер выбранного вами варианта ответа.

How was Jackson going to A21 ______________________ rid of Simon? That was the question that had kept him awake for the previous three nights, and which he pondered as he now walked home from work. It had all started so innocently, as a favour to a friend.

…………….. – but the truth was he was scared. Not scared of how Simon would react physically, but scared that Simon would take offence, and would A26 _______________ him of being selfish and not caring about a friend who was in trouble. And Simon was in trouble.

A21 1) have 2) get 3) take 4) set

A22 1) in 2) out 3) over 4) up

A26 1) charge 2) condemn 3) blame 4) accuse

How was jackson going to get rid

Прочитайте текст с пропусками, обозначенными номерами. Эти номера соответствуют заданиям А21-А28, в которых представлены возможные варианты ответов. Обведите номер выбранного вами варианта ответа. TEST 04 ( part 3)

How was Jackson going to A21 ……………… rid of Simon? That was the question that had kept him awake for the previous three nights, and which he pondered as he now walked home from work. It had all started so innocently, as a favour to a friend.

‘Could you put me A22 ………………, Jackson?’ Simon had asked. ‘Just for a couple of nights.’

Jackson of course had said yes, thinking that it would be just for two nights. How wrong he had been. Now, more than four months on, Simon was still in the flat and there seemed little evidence to suggest he was A23 ……………… to leave. The evidence, in fact, pointed to quite the opposite conclusion. Simon seemed to have A24 ……………… in so comfortably, Jackson wondered sometimes if it was actually Simon’s flat, and he, Jackson, was the one staying there as the guest.

‘Maybe I am being selfish,’ Jackson thought, ‘but the situation just can’t go on like this.’

He made the decision to bring the subject up sometime that evening. ‘I won’t ask him to leave

immediately,’ he reasoned. ‘That would be unfair, and would put him in a difficult

A28 ……………… But I’ll explain that the whole arrangement was meant to be temporary, has gone on for a very long time now, and that, while it’s been nice having Simon as a flatmate, it just can’t go on indefinitely.’ For the rest of the walk home, he rehearsed exactly what he was going to say.

Стратегии выполнения заданий егэ: раздел «лексика и грамматика»

Эта презентация предназначена для учителей и для учащихся 10-11 классов при подготовке к ЕГЭ

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«Стратегии выполнения заданий егэ: раздел «лексика и грамматика»»

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УЧИТЕЛЬ АНГЛИЙСКОГО ЯЗЫКА

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Albert Schweitzer, a Nobel Peace Prize Winner

19 Albert Schweitzer is known throughout the world for his missionary work in Africa. He was born on January 14, 1875 in Alsace, which was part of Germany and __________Part of France after World War I.

20 He was a talented person. By the age of thirty, he __________________ as an author, a lecturer, and a musician.

22 The morning after the Schweitzers arrived, they started to treat their patients in an old farmhouse. However, a new hospital building __________________ with the help and the trust of the African people.

23 Their work was interrupted by World War I. Only in 1924, Dr. Schweitzer was finally able to return to Lambarene to rebuild the hospital. When Mrs. Schweitzer came back to Africa in 1929, the hospital was much _________________.

24 In 1953 Dr. Schweitzer _________________ the Nobel Peace Prize.

25 He was grateful, but said, “No man has the right to pretend that he __________ enough for the cause of peace or declare himself satisfied.”

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1. In which country can you find the platypus? ________________ 2. Does the platypus live in other countries? ________________ 3. When did Europeans first see the platypus? ________________ 4. Is the platypus a rare animal? ________________ 5. Do we know a lot about the platypus? ________________

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19 Cars are a common sight on roads today, but that wasn’t always true. Back in the days before the car ___________________, the only personal means of transport were the horse and the bicycle.

20 The first cars ____ their power from steam and gas, and had a maximum speed of around nine miles an hour.

21 In Britain, there was a law ________cars from going over 2 miles an hour in towns.

22 At the end of the nineteenth century, cars started to use petrol and became much ________________ than they had been.

23 Very few people at that time said that cars ______________ the world in the future.

24 That is exactly what has happened, though, and since then we ________close to 18 million miles of roads on the Earth.

25 Perhaps the _________________ sign of the success of the car is the fact that there are over 800 million of them in the world.

26 However, having more cars on the road ________________ more pollution, and that’s a major worry for many people.

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1 ( 19 ) We need the passive voice. T/F

2 ( 20 ) We need the past progressive to express a fact about the past. T/F

3 ( 21 ) We need the simple past because this is an action in the past. T/F

5 ( 23 ) This is the future in the past, so we need to use would. T/F

6 ( 24 ) We need the past simple to go with since. T/F

8 ( 26 ) We need a verb in the plural because cars is plural.

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1. Since the start of the 20th century, cars ______very popular. A. became; B. have become; C. were becoming

2. Cars now are much ________________ than they used to be. A. quick; B. quicker; C. quickest

3. In 1900, Mr. Daimler said that in the future everyone __________________a car. A. drove; B. will drive; C. would drive

4. Driving fast near schools ______________more chance of an accident. A. mean; B. means; C. is meaning

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Для подготовки к выполнению заданий 19-25 можно воспользоваться следующими ресурсами:

26 Before the ____________ of the hot air balloon, no human had ever successfully flown above the ground.

27 Two ____________ brothers, Josef and Etienne Montgolfier, were responsible for designing the world’s first hot air balloon.

28 The first successful ____________ was in 1783, and the Montgolfier brothers immediately

2 9 became ______________ throughout the world.

3 2 hot the air inside is and its ______________ of travel depends on the wind.

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For each gap, decide what word is required (noun, adjective, etc.) and fill in the gaps.

26 invent _____________ 27 France _____________ 28 fly _____________ 29 fame_____________ 30 science _____________ 31 hot _____________ 32 direct_____________

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Для подготовки к выполнению заданий 26-31 повторите приставки и суффиксы, которые используются для образования различных частей речи. Можно воспользоваться следующими ресурсами:

How was Jackson going to 32 ______________ rid of Simon? That was the question that had kept him awake for the previous three nights, and which he pondered as he now walked home from work. It had all started so innocently, as a favour to a friend.

‘ Could you put me 33 _______________, Jackson?’ Simon had asked. ‘Just for a couple of nights.’ Jackson of course had said yes, thinking that it would be just for two nights. How wrong he had been. Now, more than four months on, Simon was still in the flat and there seemed little evidence to suggest he was 34 ______________ to leave. The evidence, in fact, pointed to quite the opposite conclusion. Simon seemed to have 35 ________________ in so comfortably, Jackson wondered sometimes if it was actually Simon’s flat, and he, Jackson, was the one staying there as the guest. Jackson knew he should 36 _ _____________ his feelings clear to Simon – that he valued his own privacy, that he didn’t want to live with someone else on a permanent basis, that he felt Simon was abusing his hospitality – but the truth was he was scared. Not scared of how Simon would react physically, but scared that Simon would take offence, and would 37 ___________________ him of being selfish and not caring about a friend who was in trouble. And Simon was in trouble. With no job, no money and nowhere else to stay, where would Simon go if Jackson 38 ________________ him out? ‘Maybe I am being selfish,’ Jackson thought, ‘but the situation just can’t go on like this.’

He made the decision to bring the subject up sometime that evening. ‘I won’t ask him to leave immediately,’ he reasoned. ‘That would be unfair, and would put him in a difficult position. But I’ll explain that the whole arrangement was meant to be temporary, has gone on for a very long time now, and that, while it’s been nice having Simon as a flat mate it just can’t go on indefinitely.’ For the rest of the walk home, he rehearsed exactly what he was going to say.

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32 1) have; 2) get; 3) take; 4) set

33 1) in; 2) out; 3) over; 4) up

34 1) intending; 2) assuming; 3) devising; 4) conceiving

35 1) settled; 2) established; 3) launched; 4) relaxed

36 1) convey; 2) express; 3) make; 4) tell

37 1) charge; 2) condemn; 3) blame; 4) accuse

38 1) let; 2) sent; 3) threw; 4) did

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1. How was Jackson going to 32 ____________ rid of Simon? Jackson wants Simon to: a. leave. b. stay.

2. ‘Could you put me 33 _______________, Jackson?’ Simon is asking Jackson for: a. financial help. b. somewhere to stay.

3 …there seemed little evidence to suggest he was 34 _______________ to leave. The word that fits in the gap probably means: a. creating. b. planning.

4 Simon seemed to have 35 ________________in so comfortably… This suggests that Simon was treating the flat as if: a. it was his home. b. he was a temporary guest.

5 Jackson knew he should 36 _______________his feelings clear to Simon… Jackson knew he should: a. tell Simon exactly how he felt. b. change how he felt about Simon.

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1. charge someone with/for (doing) something 2. condemn someone with/for (doing) something 3. blame someone with/for (doing) something 4. accuse someone for/of (doing) something

Клековкина Елена Евгеньевна

Статья опубликована при поддержке Компании «KIWI-ZONE». Компания KIWI-ZONE осуществляет поддержку и посредничество российским гражданам в вопросах связанных с бизнесом, покупкой недвижимости и туризмом в Новой Зеландии. А языковые школы Новой Зеландия прекрасно подойдут для людей желающих быстро освоить английский язык. Посетите официальный сайт Компании www.new-zeland.org и ознакомьтесь подробнее с предоставляемыми ею услугами.

№ газеты

Учебный материал

17

Лекция 1. Формат и структура ЕГЭ по английскому языку.

18

Лекция 2. Общие стратегии подготовки к ЕГЭ.

19

Лекция 3. Раздел ЕГЭ “Аудирование”.

20

Лекция 4. Раздел ЕГЭ “Чтение”.
Контрольная работа № 1 (срок выполнения – до 25 ноября 2007 г.

21

Лекция 5. Раздел ЕГЭ “Лексика и грамматика.”

22

Лекция 6. Раздел ЕГЭ “Письмо”.
Контрольная работа № 2 (срок выполнения – до 25 декабря 2007 г.)

23

Лекция 7. Устная часть ЕГЭ по английскому языку. Монологическая речь.

24

Лекция 8. Устная часть ЕГЭ по английскому языку. Диалогическое высказывание.

Итоговая работа

Лекция 5
Раздел ЕГЭ “Лексика и грамматика”

Система проверяемых знаний, навыков и умений. Типы тестовых заданий в ЕГЭ. Система упражнений для развития лексических и грамматических навыков.

Третий раздел письменной части ЕГЭ по английскому языку «Лексика и грамматика» оценивает сформированность достаточно широкого спектра лексико-грамматических навыков на основе употребления лексических и грамматических единиц в коммуникативно-ориентированных контекстах. Раздел состоит из трёх заданий, в объектах контроля и особенностях технологии выполнения которых нам предстоит разобраться в данной лекции. Прежде всего, обратим внимание на то, что все три задания строятся на основе связных текстов, с прочтения которых (после внимательного изучения инструкции) должна начинаться работа над каждым из субтестов. В отличие от заданий предыдущего раздела ЕГЭ чтение здесь является не целью, а средством проверки и необходимо для предварительной ориентации в тексте перед дальнейшей работой над его языковой стороной.

Задание № 1 раздела
«Грамматика и лексика» ЕГЭ

Проверяет умение использовать в соответствии с контекстом грамматические формы существительных, глаголов, прилагательных, наречий, местоимений, числительных. Тип задания – краткий ответ, для получения которого необходимо заполнить пропуски в тексте грамматически согласующимися с контекстом формами слов, представленных на полях справа от текста.
Приведём пример из демоверсии ЕГЭ 2007 г.

Прочитайте приведённый ниже текст. Преобразуйте слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами B4 – B10 так, чтобы они грамматически соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы B4 – B10.

Albert Schweitzer,
a Nobel Peace Prize Winner

B4

Albert Schweitzer is known throughout the world for his missionary work in Africa. He was born on January 14, 1875 in Alsace, which was part of Germany and __________Part of France after World War I.

LATE

B5

He was a talented person. By the age of thirty, he __________________ as an author, a lecturer, and a musician.

KNOW

B6

It was at this time that he learned of the great need of medical doctors in Africa. He decided to become a doctor of medicine. In 1913, Doctor Schweitzer and his wife __________for Africa.

LEAVE

B7

The morning after the Schweitzers arrived, they started to treat their patients in an old farmhouse. However, a new hospital building __________________ with the help and the trust of the African people.

BUILD

B8

Their work was interrupted by World War I. Only in 1924, Dr. Schweitzer was finally able to return to Lambarene to rebuild
the hospital. When Mrs. Schweitzer came back to Africa in 1929, the hospital was much _________________.

LARGE

B9

In 1953 Dr. Schweitzer _________________ the Nobel Peace Prize.

GIVE

B10

He was grateful, but said, “No man has the right to pretend that he __________ enough
for the cause of peace or declare himself satisfied.”

WORK

Из приведённого примера видно, что в данном задании учащиеся должны проявить навыки образования и употребления сравнительной степени прилагательных, пассивной формы глагола в Past Indefinite, глагола в активном залоге в Past Indefinite и Present Perfect. Однако в разных вариантах экзамена спектр объектов контроля может быть значительно шире. В спецификации ЕГЭ по иностранному языку в качестве объектов контроля в данном задании указаны следующие элементы содержания: 5.2.1., 5.2.2., 5.2.3., 5.2.4., 5.2.6. (см. Кодификатор элементов содержания ЕГЭ по английскому языку, лекция №1).
Данный тип тестового задания диктует следующий алгоритм его выполнения: после ознакомительного чтения целого текста для понимания его темы и логики развития повествования учащиеся приступают к внимательному прочтению последовательно каждого предложения и определению требуемого контекстом грамматического значения пропущенного слова. Далее необходимо образовать форму слова, передающую это значение, и вписать её в текст. Для проверки выполненного задания после заполнения пропусков следует ещё раз прочитать весь текст, чтобы убедиться, что смысл всех предложений восстановлен правильно и не нарушена логика текста.
Перед непосредственным выполнением тестового задания учащимся будет полезно проделать ряд подготовительных упражнений для усвоения на практике алгоритма его выполнения. Приведем примеры подобных упражнений из «Сборника тестов для подготовки к ЕГЭ» (изд-во Oxford: Macmillan Education).

TEST 1
Задание из теста:
Раздел 3. Грамматика и лексика

Задание 1
Прочитайте текст. Заполните пропуски в предложениях под номерами В4 – В11 соответствующими формами слов, напечатанных заглавными буквами справа от каждого предложения.

The Platypus

B4

In the rivers of south-eastern Australia, you can find an animal called a ‘platypus’. The platypus is one of the __________ animals in the world.

STRANGE

B5

It __________ only in Australia and belongs to a group of animals called ‘monotremes’.

EXIST

B6

When Europeans first saw an example of the animal in the 1700s, they __________ it was a joke.

THINK

B7

They __________ anything like it before and they refused to believe that it was a real animal.

NEVER SEE

B8

A __________ example arrived from Australia, and then more, and the scientists realised that this unusual creature was real.

TWO

B9

Today, the platypus __________ in the waters around south-east Australia.

LIVE

B10

It is not very rare, but some people worry that water pollution could be a problem as the water around Sydney gets __________.

DIRTY

B11

We still __________ much about this mysterious animal and we have a lot to learn.

KNOW

[Key: B4. strangest, B5. exists, B6. thought, B7. had never seen, B8. second, B9. lives, B10. dirtier, B11. do not know / don’t know]

Подготовительные упражнения:
1. Quickly read the text and answer the questions.

Как уже было отмечено выше, тестовые задания № 1 в рассматриваемом разделе ЕГЭ оценивают умение использовать грамматические формы в цельном связном тексте, без понимания содержания которого невозможно определить значения отдельных его частей. Данное упражнение настраивает учащихся на прочтение целого текста перед тем, как приступать к работе над отдельными предложениями.
1. In which country can you find the platypus?
________________
2. Does the platypus live in other countries?
________________
3. When did Europeans first see the platypus?
________________
4. Is the platypus a rare animal?
________________
5. Do we know a lot about the platypus?
________________

2. Complete the table.
Может показаться, что данное упражнение не вызовет затруднений даже у самых слабых учащихся старших классов. Без сомнения, порядковые числительные в пределах первого десятка знают все. Однако обратим внимание на то, что упражнение призывает учащихся обратить внимание на орфографию слова. В разделе «Грамматика и лексика» неправильное написание слова (например, forth вместо fourth или nineth вместо ninth) ведёт за собой потерю балла за тестовый вопрос.

TEST 5
Задание из теста:
Раздел 3. Грамматика и лексика

Задание 1
Прочитайте текст. Заполните пропуски в предложениях под номерами В4 – В11 соответствующими формами слов, напечатанных заглавными буквами справа от каждого предложения.

The Automobile

B4

Cars are a common sight on roads today, but that wasn’t always true. Back in the days before the car ___________________, the only personal means of transport were the horse and the bicycle.

INVENT

B5

The first cars ____ their power from steam and gas, and had a maximum speed of around nine miles an hour.

GET

B6

In Britain, there was a law ________cars from going over 2 miles an hour in towns.

STOP

B7

At the end of the nineteenth century, cars started to use petrol and became much ________________ than they had been.

FAST

B8

Very few people at that time said that cars ______________ the world in the future.

CHANGE

B9

That is exactly what has happened, though, and since then we ________close to 18 million miles of roads on the Earth.

BUILD

B10

Perhaps the _________________ sign of the success of the car is the fact that there are over 800 million of them in the world.

BIG

B11

However, having more cars on the road ________________ more pollution, and that’s a major worry for many people.

MEAN

[Key: B4. was invented, B5. got, B6. stopping, B7. faster, B8. would change, B9. have built, B10. biggest, B11. means]

Подготовительные упражнения:
1. Read the text. For each gap in the text B4 – B11, decide whether the following statements are true or false.
Упражнение способствует тому, чтобы в данном типе задания перед заполнением пропусков в тексте учащиеся привыкали внимательно прочитывать предложение с пропуском, понимать его смысл и определять, какое грамматическое значение должно быть передано пропущенной единицей контекста.

1 (B4) We need the passive voice.

2 (B5) We need the past progressive to express a fact about the past.

3 (B6) We need the simple past because this is an action in the past.

5 (B8) This is the future in the past, so we need to use would.

6 (B9) We need the past simple to go with since.

8 (B11) We need a verb in the plural
because cars is plural.

[Key: 1. T; 2. F; 3. F; 4. T; 5. T; 6. F; 7. F; 8. F]

2. Choose the correct word or phrase to complete each sentence. Use the words in bold to help you.
Данное упражнение привлекает внимание учащихся к грамматическим формам и лексическим единицам контекста, которые служат сигналами, помогающими восстановить смысл предложения и правильно определить грамматическое значение пропущенного слова.

1. Since the start of the 20th century, cars ______very popular.
A. became; B. have become; C. were becoming

2. Cars now are much ________________than they used to be.
A. quick; B. quicker; C. quickest

3. In 1900, Mr. Daimler said that in the future everyone __________________a car.
A. drove; B. will drive; C. would drive

4. Driving fast near schools ______________more chance of an accident.
A. mean; B. means; C. is meaning

[Key: 1. B; 2. B; 3. C; 4. B]

Задание № 2 раздела
«Грамматика и лексика» ЕГЭ

По своему дизайну первое и второе задание в рассматриваемом разделе экзамена одинаковы. Однако в задании №2 объектом контроля является умение использовать не формообразующие, а словообразовательные аффиксы английского языка (см. элемент содержания 5.3.1. кодификатора). Тип задания – краткий ответ, для получения которого необходимо заполнить пропуски в тексте лексически и грамматически согласующимися с контекстом словами, преобразуя с помощью словообразовательных элементов слова, представленные на полях справа от пропусков. После выполнения данного задания необходимо внести слова, вписанные в пропуски в тексте, в бланки ответов строго под соответствующими номерами (то же самое необходимо сделать по выполнении первого задания).

Прочитайте приведённый ниже текст. Преобразуйте слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами после номеров B11 – B16 так, чтобы они грамматически и лексически соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы B11 – B16.

Tourism in Britain

B11

Every year more than eleven million tourists visit Britain. In fact, tourism is an __________________ industry, employing thousands of people.

IMPORTANCE

B12

Most ________________ come in the summer months when they can expect good weather.

VISIT

B13

Tourists __________________ spend a few days in London, then go on to other well-known cities.

USUAL

B14

Perhaps the least visited places in England are old ______________________ towns.

INDUSTRY

B15

But many people think that nineteenth-century cities show the _________________of Britain.

REAL

Приведённый пример (демонстрационный вариант 2007 г.) показывает, что в данном задании учащиеся должны образовать слово, а не форму слова (как это требуется в первой части раздела «Грамматика и лексика»): importance – important, usual – usually, industry – industrial и т.д. Как правило, здесь учащиеся оперируют только словообразовательными аффиксами, однако следует обратить внимание на то, что в некоторых (редких) случаях контекст может требовать использования и соответствующих формообразующих аффиксов: visit – visitors.
Данному типу тестового задания соответствует следующий алгоритм его выполнения:
1. Ознакомительное чтение целого текста для понимания его основного содержания (как и в первом задании, чтение выступает здесь как средство для дальнейшего восстановления пропущенных единиц).
2. Внимательное прочтение каждого предложения, восстановление по его смыслу значения пропущенной единицы, определение грамматической категории, к которой она принадлежит (какая часть речи пропущена?).
3. Использование соответствующего аффикса (или аффиксов) для образования нужной лексической единицы.
4. Прочтение текста после заполнения всех пропусков для проверки правильности его восстановления.

Знание словообразовательных аффиксов английского языка и навык их использования необходимы как в рецептивных, так и в продуктивных видах речевой деятельности. Развитию этой части лингвистического компонента коммуникативной компетенции учащихся следует уделять должное внимание на старшем этапе обучения в средней школе.
«Сборник тестов для подготовки к ЕГЭ» (изд-во Oxford: Macmillan Education) в каждом из включённых в его состав 20 тестов содержит задания, аналогичные приведённому нами примеру из демонстрационного варианта ЕГЭ 2007 г. Эти задания (а также сопровождающие их подготовительные упражнения) помогают учащимся вспомнить широкий спектр словообразовательных аффиксов, потренироваться в их использовании в коммуникативно-ориентированных контекстах, а также на практике освоить алгоритм выполнения задания в формате ЕГЭ.
Приведём пример одного из подобных заданий и подготовительных упражнений из упомянутого сборника.

TEST 2
Задание из теста:
Раздел 3. Грамматика и лексика

Задание 2
Прочитайте приведенный ниже текст. Преобразуйте слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами после номеров B12 – B18 так, чтобы они грамматически и лексически соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы B12 – B18.

Before the ____________ of the hot air balloon, no human had ever successfully flown above the ground.

Two ____________ brothers, Josef and Etienne Montgolfier, were responsible for designing the world’s first hot air balloon.

The first successful ____________ was in 1783, and the Montgolfier brothers immediately

became ______________ throughout the world.

The design of hot air balloons is based on the _____________ law that hot air rises. A burner at the bottom of the balloon provides the

____________________. As the air inside the balloon gets hotter, the balloon takes off. Its height above the ground is determined by how

hot the air inside is and its
______________ of travel depends on the wind.

Подготовительные упражнения:
Read the text with questions B12 – B18 in Section 3. Grammar and vocabulary. For each gap, decide what kind of word (noun, adjective, etc.) fills each gap.

B12 _____________
B13 _____________
B14 _____________
B15 _____________
B16 _____________
B17 _____________
B18 _____________

[Key: B12. noun; B13. adjective; B14. noun; B15. adjective; B16. adjective; B17. noun; B18. noun]

Complete the table:

[Key:]

fly
flight
flyer

Задание № 3 раздела
«Грамматика и лексика» ЕГЭ

Объектом контроля в данном задании служат лексико-грамматические навыки. Тип задания – выбор ответа из четырёх предложенных. В задании требуется заполнить пропуски в тексте лексическими единицами, соответствующими контексту. После выполнения задания необходимо отметить выбранный вариант в части А бланка ответов (верхняя часть бланка) под соответствующим номером.

Прочитайте текст с пропусками, обозначенными номерами А22 – А28. Эти номера соответствуют заданиям A22 – A28, в которых представлены возможные варианты ответов. Обведите номер выбранного вами варианта ответа.

“It’s Only Me”

After her husband had gone to work, Mrs. Richards sent her children to school and went upstairs to her bedroom. She was too excited to do any housework A22 ____________ that morning, because in the evening she would be going to a fancy dress party with her husband. She intended to dress up as a ghost and she had made her costume the night before.
Now she was A23 ______________ to try it on. Though the costume consisted only of a sheet, it was very effective. Mrs. Richards put it A24 _________, looked in the mirror, smiled and went downstairs. She wanted to find out whether it would be
A25 ___________ to wear.
Just as Mrs. Richards was entering the dining-room, there was a A26 ____________________ on the front door. She knew that it must be the baker. She had told him to come straight in if ever she failed to open the door and to leave the bread on the kitchen table. Not wanting to A27 ______________________ the poor man,
Mrs. Richards quickly hid in the small store-room under the stairs. She heard the front door open and heavy footsteps in the hall. Suddenly the door of the store-room was opened and a man entered. Mrs. Richards realized that it must be the man from the Electricity Board who had come to read the meter. She tried to A28 _________________________ the situation, saying “It’s only me”, but it was too late. The man let out a cry and jumped back several paces. When Mrs. Richards walked towards him, he ran away, slamming the door behind him.
A22
1) show; 2) performance; 3) party; 4) programme

A23
1) nervous; 2) restless; 3) ill at ease; 4) impatient

A24
1) up; 2) on; 3) over; 4) down

A25
1) attractive; 2) exciting; 3) comfortable; 4) cozy

A26
1) knock; 2) kick; 3) hit; 4) crash

A27
1) fear; 2) worry; 3) disturb; 4) frighten

A28
1) describe; 2) explain; 3) interpret; 4) clear

Из приведённого примера (демоверсия ЕГЭ 2007 г.) видно, что в данном задании оценивается знание и умение пользоваться лексико-грамматической сочетаемостью лексических единиц в контексте. Для успешного выполнения задания необходимо различать нюансы близких по значению лексических единиц и понимать, какое из этих значений востребовано контекстом. Кроме того, важно учитывать, с какими структурными языковыми единицами может сочетаться слово в контексте (предлогами, инфинитивом, герундием и т.д.)
Система тестовых заданий и подготовительных упражнений для совершенствования упомянутых лексико-грамматических навыков и умений, а также для знакомства с алгоритмом выполнения тестового задания представлена в упомянутом нами сборнике тестов для подготовки к ЕГЭ.
Приведём пример одного из заданий и упражнений к нему.

TEST 4
Задание из теста:
Раздел 3. Грамматика и лексика

Задание 3
Прочитайте текст с пропусками, обозначенными номерами А21 – А28. Эти номера соответствуют заданиям А21 – А28, в которых представлены возможные варианты ответов. Обведите номер выбранного вами варианта ответа.

How was Jackson going to A21 ______________ rid of Simon? That was the question that had kept him awake for the previous three nights, and which he pondered as he now walked home from work. It had all started so innocently, as a favour to a friend.
‘Could you put me A22 _______________, Jackson?’ Simon had asked. ‘Just for a couple of nights.’ Jackson of course had said yes, thinking that it would be just for two nights. How wrong he had been.
Now, more than four months on, Simon was still in the flat and there seemed little evidence to suggest he was A23 ______________ to leave. The evidence, in fact, pointed to quite the opposite conclusion. Simon seemed to have A24 ________________ in so comfortably, Jackson wondered sometimes if it was actually Simon’s flat, and he, Jackson, was the one staying there as the guest.
Jackson knew he should A25 ______________ his feelings clear to Simon – that he valued his own privacy, that he didn’t want to live with someone else on a permanent basis, that he felt Simon was abusing his hospitality – but the truth was he was scared. Not scared of how Simon would react physically, but scared that Simon would take offence, and would A26 ___________________ him of being selfish and not caring about a friend who was in trouble. And Simon was in trouble. With no job, no money and nowhere else to stay, where would Simon go if Jackson A27 ________________ him out? ‘Maybe I am being selfish,’ Jackson thought, ‘but the situation just can’t go on like this.’
He made the decision to bring the subject up sometime that evening. ‘I won’t ask him to leave immediately,’ he reasoned. ‘That would be unfair, and would put him in a difficult A28___________.
But I’ll explain that the whole arrangement was meant to be temporary, has gone on for a very
long time now, and that, while it’s been nice having Simon as a flatmate it just can’t go on indefinitely.’
For the rest of the walk home, he rehearsed exactly what he was going to say.

A21
1) have; 2) get; 3) take; 4) set

A22
1) in; 2) out; 3) over; 4) up

A23
1) intending; 2) assuming; 3) devising; 4) conceiving

A24
1) settled; 2) established; 3) launched; 4) relaxed

A25
1) convey; 2) express; 3) make; 4) tell

A26
1) charge; 2) condemn; 3) blame; 4) accuse

A27
1) let; 2) sent; 3) threw; 4) did

A28
1) location; 2) position; 3) point; 4) site

[Key: A21. 2; A22. 4; A23.1; A24. 1; A25. 3; A26.4; A27. 3; A28.2]

Подготовительные упражнения:
1. Read the text with gaps A21 – A28 in Section 3. Grammar and vocabulary and answer the questions.
В рассматриваемом тестовом задании особенно важно внимательно прочесть текст и понять смысл контекста для точного определения значений пропущенных слов. Данное упражнение формирует необходимое для выполнения задания умение прогнозировать содержание пропущенной части по окружающему контексту.

1. How was Jackson going to A21 ____________ rid of Simon?
Jackson wants Simon to:
a. leave.
b. stay.

2. ‘Could you put me A22 _______________, Jackson?’
Simon is asking Jackson for:
a. financial help.
b. somewhere to stay.

3 …there seemed little evidence to suggest he was A23 _______________ to leave.
The word that fits in the gap probably means:
a. creating.
b. planning.

4 Simon seemed to have A24 ________________in so comfortably…
This suggests that Simon was treating the flat as if:
a. it was his home.
b. he was a temporary guest.

5 Jackson knew he should A25 _______________his feelings clear to Simon…
Jackson knew he should:
a. tell Simon exactly how he felt.
b. change how he felt about Simon.

[Key: 1. a; 2. b; 3. b; 4. a; 5. a]

2. Circle the correct word to complete the patterns.
Знание и навык использования фразовых глаголов – один из объектов контроля в тестовом задании № 3 раздела «Грамматика и лексика» ЕГЭ. Именно этот навык необходим для правильного выбора ответа на тестовый вопрос А26 приведённого нами тестового задания из сборника тестов. В подготовительном упражнении внимание учащихся привлекается к тому, что выбор ответа зависит от содержащегося в контексте послелога.

1. charge someone with/for (doing) something
2. condemn someone with/for (doing) something
3. blame someone with/for (doing) something
4. accuse someone for/of (doing) something

[Key: 1. with; 2. for; 3. for; 4. of]

Контрольные вопросы:
1. Из каких заданий состоит раздел ЕГЭ «Грамматика и лексика»?
2. Какие навыки и умения являются объектами контроля в данных заданиях?
3. Каков алгоритм выполнения заданий в разделе?
4. Почему важно начинать каждое из заданий с прочтения текста, предъявляемого в задании?
5. Что необходимо знать и уметь для заполнения пропусков в текстах в первом задании, во втором задании, в третьем задании?

Вестник Педагога

Автор: Петрова Мария Николаевна
Должность: методист (английский язык)
Учебное заведение: ИМЦ Невского района Санкт-Петербурга
Населённый пункт: Санкт-Петербург
Наименование материала: методическая разработка
Тема: Методическая разработка упражнений для подготовки учащихся к ЭГЭ по английскому языку( раздел «Лексика и Грамматика»)
Раздел: среднее образование

Этап 1:
Прочитайте инструкцию и выполните задание к приведенному тексту.
Этап 2:
Определите проверяемый навык и тип задания. Прочитайте текст и напишите соответствующую форму каждого слова, данного под номерами
В4-В11
, в отведенное для этого место.
Тhe History of Man
How long has man been on earth? Let us travel 5,000 years into the past. We are in the days before man __________________ to write. LEARN Recorded history __________________ yet. NOT BEGIN Let us go __________________ into the past to 8,000 years ago. We are in a world without cities or towns, houses or roads. FAR Yet there are people, about five million of them, _ _________________ on all five continents. LIVE They have cows and horses and they __________________ the land. FARM To find the __________________ man we must go many hundreds of thousands of years into the past. ONE
B4

Задание:
Прочитайте инструкцию и текст к заданию и определите, чем отличается подход к контролю грамматических навыков, использованный в нем, от подхода в предыдущем задании.
Leaving for London.
Her face was white with worry. She _____ Ошибка: источник перекрёстной ссылки не найден down to the hotel desk to ask about the plane ticket. John _____Ошибка: источник перекрёстной ссылки не найден putting his things into a bag. She _____Ошибка: источник перекрёстной ссылки не найден up to the room a minute or two later. “There _____Ошибка: источник перекрёстной ссылки не найден a plane leaving from Venice to London in an hour,” she _____Ошибка: источник перекрёстной ссылки не найден to him. “I _____Ошибка: источник перекрёстной ссылки не найден in England by this afternoon.” “I _____Ошибка: источник перекрёстной ссылки не найден your bag down immediately then,” he _____Ошибка: источник перекрёстной ссылки не найден her. She____Ошибка: источник перекрёстной ссылки не найден at the desk when he ______Ошибка: источник перекрёстной ссылки не найден down, looking happier. She ______Ошибка: источник перекрёстной ссылки не найденVenice right now. New people were there, talking to the man at the desk. 1) goes 2) was going 3) went 4) has gone 1) has finished 2) is finishing 3) finishes 4) finished 1) telephoned 2) had telephoned 3) was telephoning 4) has telephoned 1) was 2) is 3) had been 4) has been 1) has said 2) says 3) said 4) had said
B11
Прочитайте текст с пропусками, обозначенными номерами
А13 – А23
. Эти номера соответствуют заданиям
А13 – А23
, в которых представлены возможные варианты ответов. Обведите номер ответа, который вам кажется наиболее верным. А13 А14 А15 А16 А17
1) am 2) will be 3) has been 4) was 1) will bring 2) has brought 3) have brought 4) bring 1) tells 2) was telling 3) was told 4) told 1) has been 2) is 3) was 4) has been 1) comes 2) had come 3) has come 4) came 1) has left 2) was leaving 3) left 4) had left
РМ № 3

Этап 1:
Прочитайте инструкцию и текст задания.
Этап 2:
Определите проверяемый навык и тип задания. Прочитайте приведённый ниже текст. В заданиях
В17-В23
преобразуйте слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами так, чтобы они грамматически и лексически соответствовали контексту. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. The National Maritime Museum is set in the ______________surroundings of Greenwich park. BEAUTY Within the complex of the museum there is a wide __________________ of objects, displays and paintings. VARY The collections relate to the shipping, astronomy and __________________. NAVIGATE
B17

B 20
А21 А20 А19 А18 А23 А22
The museum tells the story of figures of great __________________ to Britain’s history, such as Lord Nelson and captain James Cook. IMPORTANT Galleries and exhibitions are often updated to bring back into view __________________ DIFFER parts of the huge hidden collections of the museum which is __________________ all over the country. FAME This visit will be an __________________ experience. FORGET
М № 4

Этап 1:
Выполните данное задание в соответствии с инструкцией.
Этап 2:
Определите проверяемый навык и тип задания.
Этап 3
: Проанализируйте, что должен знать учащийся для успешного выполнения данного задания. Прочитайте текст с пропусками выполните задания
А15-А22
, обводя цифру 1, 2,3 или 4, соответствующую ответу, который вы считаете правильным. Mrs. Garstin was a hard, cruel, managing and ambitious woman. Coming to Hong Kong on her marriage, she found it hard to reconcile herself to the fact that her social position was
A15
______ by her husband’s occupation. Of course everyone was very kind, and for two or three months they went out to parties almost every night, but she understood quickly that as the wife of a bacteriologist she was of no particular consequence. “It’s too absurd,” she told her husband. “There’s hardly anyone here that one would bother about for five minutes at home”. “It is rather funny when you think of all the people who used to come to our house at home that here we should be
A16
______ like dirt,” she said, laughing in
A17
______ that what she said might not seem snobbish. She was the daughter of a solicitor in Liverpool, and Bernard Garstin had met her there. He had seemed then a young man of
A18
______ and her father said he would go far, but he hadn’t. He was painstaking, industrious and capable, but he had not the will to advance himself. Mrs Garstin despised him. But she recognized that she could only achieve success through him, and she set herself to drive him on the way she desired to go. She discovered that if she wanted him to do something which his sensitiveness revolved against she had only to give him no peace and eventually, exhausted, he would give
A19
______. Still he made no headway as a leader. But he
A20
______ any disappointment he may have felt, and if he reproached his wife it was in his heart.
B21

His daughters had never looked upon him as anything but a source of income; and now, understanding that through his
A21
______ money was less plentiful, the indifference they had felt for him was tinged with contempt. He was a stranger to them, but because he was their father they ___________ it for granted that he should love and cherish them.
A15
1) decided 2) determined 3) revealed 4) fixed
A16
1) treated 2) dealt 3) taken 4) regarded
A17
1) case 2) fact 3) condition 4) order
A18
1) luck 2) promise 3) hope 4) expectation
A19
1) away 2) over 3) in 4) off
A20
1) held 2) kept 3) experienced 4) concealed
A21
1) guilt 2) fault 3) blame 4) inability
A22
1) got 2) supposed 3) assumed 4) took
ОНР № 1

текстов
Публицистический Информационный Научно-популярный Художественный  газетные и журнальные статьи  рассказы  письма  брошюры  путеводители  объявления  афиши  рекламы  инструкции  радио- и телепрограммы  статьи  брошюры  рассказы  отрывки из литературных произведений  письма
РМ № 5
Задание: Задания Уровень Количество вопросов Проверенные навыки Тип задания Тип текста
A22

В4-В10 Базовый 7 Использование грамматических форм в соответствии с коммуникативным намерением Заполнение пропусков Связный отрывок В11-В16 Повышенный 6 Употребление средств словообразования Заполнение пропусков Связный отрывок А21-А27 Повышенный 7 Использование лексических единиц в соответствии с коммуникативным намерением и сочетаемостью слов Заполнение пропусков с выбором из 4-х предложенных вариантов Связный отрывок Ознакомьтесь с форматом экзаменационного теста.
РМ № 6

Задание:
Ознакомьтесь с перечнем навыков, выносимых на контроль на итоговой аттестации в разные годы. Проверяемые навыки Лексические 1. использование лексических единиц языка в соответствии с коммуникативным намерением 2. употребление лексических единиц в соответствии с их сочетаемостью 3. употребление синонимов и антонимов 4. владение средствами словообразования Грамматические 1. выбор грамматических форм для адекватной передачи коммуникативного намерения 2. использование разных грамматических средств для выражения одной и той же мысли 3. использование языковых средств для связи между компонентами предложения и между предложениями
РМ № 7

Задание:
Подумайте, какие типы заданий целесообразно использовать для обучения и тестового контроля. Заполните таблицу, проставив галочки в соответствующей колонке. Задание Тестовый контроль Обучение Множественный выбор Установление соответствий Краткий ответ Заполнение пропусков Заполнение таблицы Исправление ошибок (редактирование) Трансформация Словообразование

Задание:
Проанализируйте, какая существует зависимость между проверяемым навыком и типом задания. Заполните таблицу, соединив стрелками навыки с подходящими типами заданий.
Проверяемые навыки

Типы заданий
1. Использование разных грамматических средств для выражения одной и той же мысли 2. Использование языковых средств для связи между компонентами предложения 3. Владение видовременными формами глагола и неличными формами глагола 4. Использование языковых средств для связи между компонентами предложения и предложениями в тексте 1. Исправление ошибок 2. Перефразирование 3. Множественный выбор 4. Установление соответствия 5. Заполнение пропусков
РМ № 9

Задание:
Прочитайте фрагменты текстов
а, в
и
с
. Определите степень их соответствия требованиям, предъявляемым к текстам для контроля ЯМ.
a) Fill in the gaps with the appropriate words.
We lost two superstars in 1977. Neither man’s admirers have_______________able to understand the____________of the other one. _______________ this tells us something_____________the difference between the______________that the two singers__________.
b) For questions 1-8 read the story and write down in the box provided below the text which

answer, given in brackets, best fits each space. There is an example (o).
James’s Story James was an ambitious young man. We took (o) … (up, in, out) something new, he always tried to hold the key. When he came (1) …. (in, out, across) a challenge, he never gave (2) …..(up, in, away). Obviously he was a cough man. He disguised himself as a very romantic person, while he was really rather sensible. His girl was gorgeous and she understood him perfectly well at that. Being naughty, she was fed (3) … (out, on up) with ordinary life and dreamt of unusual events. She often spoke about fascinating places all around the world. Although James fell for her, he paid little attention to her chat, revolting round little trifles, which she adored. Then she started to tell him (4)…. (of, off, about).
c) Fill in the gaps in the following text.
There was much conflict in early Vermont. It remained an unbroken wilderness until ______________, when a French officer established Fort ______________ on Isle La Motte. In 1924 Massachusetts _____________ fearing attacks by the French and_______________, built Fort Dummer near the present _________________ of Battleboro. The French forts at _____________ and Crown Point were used as ______________ for attacks.
Навыки использования грамматического материала

Этап 1:
Прочитайте инструкцию и выполните задание.
Этап 2:
Исходя из опыта преподавания, определите, что являлось бы типичными. ошибками при его выполнении учащимися. Назовите причины допускаемых ошибок. Прочитайте приведенный ниже текст. Преобразуйте слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами после номеров
В4-В10
так, чтобы они грамматически соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы
В4-В10
.
Waking Up

B5
But it was really dangerous ______________ an artist like that! It made him feel bad for hours – simply hours.
WAKE

B6
She came into the room in her working clothes, with a handkerchief over her head, just to show him that she _______________ up much earlier GET
B7
and now she _______________ about the house. WORK
B8
She called in her low warning voice: ‘Jerry!’ ‘What! What’s the matter?’ ‘It’s time to get up. It’s half-past eight.’ And then she left the room, _______________ the door quietly behind her. CLOSE
B9
He supposed that she ________________ very pleased with herself. FEEL
B10
What was the matter with her? What did she want? He earned lots of money. She didn’t have any money, but he never said that to her. His heart was heavy. She seemed to enjoy making life _______________ for him than it was already. She made an artist’s life impossible. She wanted to make him like herself. DIFFICULT
РМ № 2

Задание:
Прочитайте фрагменты текстов
А-G
и определите, с какими сложностями могут столкнуться учащиеся при заполнении пропусков. Назовите причины возможных ошибок. A. I’m afraid he hasn’t been very polite to you, but I really do care about him. And if anything _____________ to me, I want you to promise that he will get the money. HAPPEN B. “You don’t understand,’ said Tom. “I’m in a very painful situation.’ ‘Tell me everything,’ said Henry, ‘and I _________________ my best to help you.’ DO C. You must understand, however, that I take a great interest in him. I know you recently _________________ him. He spoke about it an hour ago. SEE
D. It seemed that the stranger hated boys even _________________ than they hated him. MUCH E. I always thought that you and he ____________ interested in the same things. BE F. He put on his coat and went ___________ his old friend. SEE G. Doctor Lanyon ____________ his after-dinner coffee. «Come in, old friend! » he cried. ENJOY
РМ № 3

Задание:
Просмотрите задания
А-С
и назовите, какие методы систематизации грамматического материала в них представлены. Grammar Presentation When we use the present perfect
A. Past simple or present perfect?
In pairs, discuss why we can say: He has been a photographer. but not He has been a photographer five years ago. What did he do when he was in Berlin? but not What has he done when he was in Berlin? Try and work out a rule. We use the present perfect to…
B.

Different uses of the present perfect
The present perfect can be used in very different ways:

A
She has known him for seven years.
B
She’s been to India.
C
Oh! You’ve had a haircut.
D
I’ve written three letters this morning. Which of the four sentences A, B, C, D describes something:
1
that happened in the past where you can still see the result now?
2
that started in the past but which is still going on now?
3
that has happened over a period not yet finished?
4
that happened in the past but we do not know when?
C. Present perfect simple or continuous?
We use the present perfect simple when an action is finished and we want to talk about the result of the action: Len Deighton has written more than 25 books. We use the present perfect continuous when we are talking about an activity which started in the past and is still going on. We are more interested in the activity than the result. For example: He has been writing for 30 years.
РМ № 4

Задание:
Просмотрите задания
А-С
и определите, на каком этапе работы с грамматическим материалом их лучше использовать.
A.
Complete using the words in the box
already before ever for just rarely since so still yet
1 Have you ………………………… dreamt of winning the lottery? 2 I haven’t worked out how to set the timer on the video ………….. 3 My dad’s lived in the same house …………….. he was born. 4 The film’s only been on ………………. a couple of minutes. 5 Bruce has knocked three men out of the competition ………. far. 6 I ………….. get the chance to get any exercise – I’m just too busy.
B.
Circle the correct word or phrase 1 Elizabeth
usually goes / is usually going
to bed at around eleven o’clock. 2 Dan
talks / is talking
on the other phone right now. 3 We
don’t eat / aren’t eating
any meat at the moment as we’re both on a diet. 4
Does air travel get / Is air travel getting
increasingly safe? 5 My mum
calls / is calling
me every weekend without fail. 6 How much
do babysitters generally earn / are babysitters generally earning
?
C.
Match to make sentences 1 I think ………….. A darker hair than her sister. 2 I’m thinking ……. B I’m going to buy the new Racetrack CD. 3 Phil’s looking …… C a haircut at the moment. 4 Phil looks ……….. D for his glasses. Have you seen them? 5 Claire has ……….. E not old enough to drive a car.
6 Claire is having ….. F of getting Dad a CD for his birthday.
РМ № 5

Задание:
Просмотрите задания
А-D
и подумайте, насколько целесообразно их использование.
A.
Rewrite correctly. Change the words or phrases in bold. 1 My dad
is often getting up
late on Saturday mornings. 2
Are you speaking
any other languages apart from English? 3
I already buy
all my Christmas presents and it’s only October! 4 It’s the first time
I’m ever having
a party at home. 5 Actually, I think Darren
does works
quite hard sometimes. 6 Carlo
is never eating
Chinese food before.
B.
Прочитайте текст и решите, который из предложенных 4х вариантов для каждого пропуска соответствует правильному ответу. Выполнив задание, занесите свои ответы в таблицу, как показано в примере. Charly 0 _____ a small boy. He 1 ____ in a great town. There 2 ____ six people in his family, but only Charlie’s father, Mr. Bucket 3 _______ a job. He 4 not _____ enough money 5 _________ food for the whole family. So, they 6 ________hungry from morning till night and Charly 7 _______ it worst of all. But there is one thing which he 8 ______ more than anything else in the world. It is chocolate. 0 a. is b. are c. were d. am 1 a. live b. lives c. is lived d. has lived 2 a. are b. is having c. was d. have been 3 a. have b. is c. was d. has 4 a. don’t have b. doesn’t have c. didn’t have d. haven’t got 5 a. to buy b. buy c. buys d. buying 6 a. was b. be c. are d. is 7 a. feel b. feels c. felt d. was feeling 8 a. wants b. want c. is wanted d.have wanted
C.
1. It’s only her second time in a recording studio.
been
She …………………. in a recording studio once before. 2. We got here three hours ago.
have
We …………………………………… three hours. 3. I started writing this hours ago and it’s still not right.
writing
I …………………………….. hours and it’s still not right. 4. This is my first experience of flying alone.
time
It is the first ………………………………… alone. 5. Sharon’s in the bath at the moment.
a
Sharon …………………………………….. at the moment. 6. Paul enjoys surprises apart from on his birthday.
does
Paul ……………………………………….. surprises, just not on his birthday!
D.
Complete using correct form of the words in the box.
be disagree do include know look see seem understand

The City of Omsk
Everyone (1) …………….. about the stunning sights to see in Moscow and St. Petersburg. The beautiful city of Omsk, one of the oldest cities in western Siberia, (2) …………. not so wellknown.Unfortunately, the 2700 km journey from Moscow just (3) ………….. too far for many travellers to Russia. For those who (4) ……………. travel there, however, there are a number of interesting things to see and do. These (5) ……………… visiting the Tobolskie and Tarskie Gates, which were the first stone buildings in Omsk, the Museum of Local Lore and the modern shops on Lyubinsky Avenue.

Неличные формы глагола

Этап 2
: Complete using the correct form (- ing form, bare infinitive or full infinitive) of the verb in the box. Use each verb only once.
achieve be behave come do hope improve learn listen

make play sit down take tell try use work

Report: William Watson William Watson sometimes seems to be afraid of (1) …………………….. hard. He can’t help (2) …………………………..to avoid (3) ……………………….. anything that involves (4) ……………………… his brain, particularly on Friday afternoons. He seems to detest (5) …………………….. life seriously, and pretends he isn’t capable of (6) ……………… anything of worth.
РМ № 7

Степени сравнения прилагательных

Задание:
Просмотрите задания
A-D
и проставьте в боксиках номера, соответствующие правильной последовательности выполнения этих заданий.
A.

Complete using the superlative forms of the words in capitals. 1. Don’t you think this would be the ……………………. (
lovely
) spot for a picnic? 2. But that’s the …………………………. (
crazy
) idea I’ve ever heard! 3. I asked the assistant to show me the ………………… (
modern
) phone they had. 4. I told the manager that it was the ……………………… (
bad
) hotel I had ever stayed in. 5. Who do you think is the ……………………….. (
littl
e) talented actor to win an Oscar?
B.
Complete using the comparative forms of the words in capitals. 1. If you work ……………….. (
quickl
y), you’ll finish sooner and then you can go home earlier. 2. Ben says he’s feeling much ………………….. (
well
) after his illness. 3. I have even ………………………. (
little
) free time this year than I did last year. 4. The news was much ……………………….. (
bad
) that anyone had feared. 5. You’ll need to be able to run ………………… (
far
) than this if you’re going to do the marathon.
C.
Complete each second sentence using the word given, so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence. Write between two and five words in each gap. 1. I have never read a better book than this one.
ever
This is the …………………………… read. 2. Nobody has ever been this far into the jungle.
the
This is …………………………………….. has ever been into the jungle. 3. I have never worked so hard in my whole life.
ever
It was the ………………………………..in my whole life. 4. Liam is the tallest boy in the class.
than
Every other boy in the class ………………………………. Liam.
D.
Circle the correct word.
Film review
Crime Does Pay, the
(1) later / latest
comedy from director Sam Martin, has to be one of the
(2) little /

least
interesting films I have ever seen. The acting is terrible and the story is much
(3) worse / worst
than Martin’s other flop, Escape. Crime Does Pay was apparently
(4) more / most
expensive than any other film this year, but it’s hard to see where the money went. The plot concerns a gang of burglars who decide to steal the
(5) more / most
valuable painting in the world.
РМ № 8

Задания, проверяющие навыки употребления разных грамматических явлений

Задание:
Просмотрите текст задания и предваряющие его вопросы. Насколько ответ на вопросы упрощает выполнение задания?
Этап 1
Quickly read the text and answer these questions
1. In which country is cricket sometimes called the national sport? 2. How many people are there in a cricket team? 3. Which other sport is a little like cricket? 4. What are Lord’s and Old Trafford?
Этап 2
Прочитайте текст. Заполните пропуски в предложениях под номерами
В4-В9
соответствующими формами слов, напечатанных заглавными буквами справа от каждого предложения.
Cricket

B4
One of the most popular sports in England is cricket. It is sometimes called the national sport and many adults and ____________________________
CHILD
play it in their spare time or at school.
B5
It ______________________ by two teams of eleven and has some similarities
PLAY
to baseball.
B6
To put it simply, the aim is to score runs and the side __________________
SCORE
most runs wins.
B7
The game is quite old, and the __________________ references to it date
EARLY
from the 1500s.
B8
Spectators __________________ cricket matches for hundreds of years
WATCH
in many parts of England.
B9
The list of famous cricket grounds _________________ Lord’s, in London,
INCLUDE
and Old Trafford in Manchester.
РМ № 9

Задание:
Просмотрите текст и два предваряющие его задания. Способствует ли задание успешному выполнению теста?
A.
Quickly read the text. Decide if these statements are True (T) or False (F). 1. Charlie’s mum believes him when he says there are aliens outside.
T / F
2. She says that she wants to see his homework.
T / F
3. Charlie’s father thinks Charlie is lying about the aliens.
T / F
4. Charlie and his father go outside and see aliens in the garden.
T / F

B
. Complete the table
present

fly
am/is/are flying was/were ________ has/have _________ flying
hear

C. Прочитайте текст. Заполните пропуски в предложениях под номерами
В4-В11
соответствующими формами слов, напечатанных заглавными буквами справа от каждого предложения.
Visitors from outer space
B4 Charlie ran downstairs and burst into the living room. ‘Aliens!’ he shouted.
FLY
‘Aliens ___________ over our back garden, right now!’ B5 His mother laughed. She ________________ anything so silly.
NEVER HEAR
‘Really, Charlie,’ she said. ‘You know there are no aliens. Now, have you finished your homework? I want to see it.’ B6 ‘It’s true!’ Charlie cried. ‘There are aliens outside, ____________
LOOK
for a place to land their spaceship!’ Charlie’s father looked up from his newspaper. B7 ‘Now, Charlie. What’s all this? I _____________ you so many times before
TELL
not to tell lies. There are no aliens and they certainly don’t fly down Acacia Avenue.’ B8 ‘Okay,’ __________ Charlie. ‘Come and look. If there’s nothing there,
SAY
I promise I’ll just do my homework.’ B9 Charlie’s father sighed and put his newspaper down. ‘Okay, Charlie. I’ll come
WE
outside with you and see if there are any aliens in __________ garden.’ B10 They went into the garden, but there was nothing there. ‘But…but…
BEGIN
they were…’Charlie ____________ to say. His father took his arm and led him back inside.
РМ № 10

Задание:
Просмотрите задания
А
и
В
и подумайте, как они нацеливают учащихся на выполнение последующего теста.
A.
Read the text. For each gap in the text B4-B11, decide if these statements are True (T) or False (F). 1. (B4) We need the passive voice. T / F 2. (B5) We need the past progressive to express a fact about the past. T / F 3. (B6) We need the simple past because this is an action in the past. T / F 4. (B7) We need a comparative form using –er. T / F 5. (B8) This is the future in the past, so we need to use would. T / F
B.
Choose the correct word or phrase to complete each sentence. Use the words in bold to help you. 1.
Since
the start of the 20 th century, cars ___________ very popular.
A.
became
B.
have become
C.
were becoming 2. Cars now are much ______________
than
they used to be.
A
. quick
B.
quicker
C.
quickest 3. In 1900, Mr. Daimler
said
that in the
future
everyone ______________ a car.
A.
drove
B.
will drive
C.
would drive
Прочитайте текст. Заполните пропуски в предложениях под номерами В4-В11 соответствующими формами слов, напечатанных заглавными буквами справа от каждого предложения.
The Automobile
B4 Cars are a common sight on roads today, but that wasn’t always true.
INVENT
Back in the days before the car ____________, the only personal means of transport were the horse and the bicycle. B5 The first cars ______________ their power from steam and gas, and had
GET
a maximum speed of around nine miles an hour. B6 In Britain, there was a law ____________ cars from going over two
STOP
miles an hour in towns. B7 At the end of the 19 th century, cars started to use petrol and
FAST
became much ______________ than they had been. B8 Very few people at that time said that cars ___________ the world
CHANGE
in the future.
РМ № 11

Навык использования средств словообразования

Задание:
Проанализируйте тестовый вопрос В21 в тексте «The National Maritime Museum» из РМ № 3. Какова, по вашему мнению, типичная ошибка, допускаемая в этом вопросе?
РМ № 12

Задание:
Подумайте, какая ошибка чаще всего допускается в следующем вопросе. Каковы причины ее возникновения? The fine collection of French Impressionist art and special exhibitions of worldwide interest also contribute to the museum’s high _________________. POPULAR
РМ №13

Задание:
Что, по Вашему мнению, может представлять трудность при выполнении следующего тестового вопроса? After dinner that evening the lawyer went into his office and _________________ a cupboard. He took out an envelope. LOCKED
РМ № 14

Задание:
Подумайте, в равной ли степени способствуют выполнению последующего теста задания
А
и
В
.
A.
Quickly read the text and answer these questions. 1. Where is Chessington World of Adventures? ____________________ 2. What animals can you see there? ______________________________ 3. Which area will very young visitors enjoy? ______________________ 4. Which ride sounds like the most frightening? ____________________
B
. Complete the table. Remember to include negative forms where appropriate.
verb

adjective
+ adventure _____________ _____________ attract __________ _____________ _____________ enjoy ___________ _____________ _____________ Прочитайте приведенный ниже текст. Преобразуйте слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами после номеров в
В12-В15
так, чтобы они грамматически и лексически соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы
В12-В15
.
B12
Chessington World of Adventures is an ____________ theme park, just
EXCITE
12 miles from London.
B13
There’s something for everyone at the park. Animal ___________ will
LOVE
enjoy the ‘Trail of Kings’, where you can see gorillas, tigers and lions.
B14
One of the most popular ________________ is the ‘Land of the Dragons’,
ATTRACT
a fast, fun roller coaster. Very young children will love ‘Toytown’, where you can go for an
ENJOY

B15 _
______________ flight on the back of a Flying Jumbo, or drive one of the Crazy Cars.
РМ № 15

Задание:
Развитию каких навыков, необходимых для правильного выполнения теста, способствуют задания
А
и
В
.
A.
Read the text with questions B12-B13. Look at the words on the right which you have to change and decide what part of speech is needed to fill each gap. 1. (B12) positive adjective / negative adjective / positive adverb / negative adverb 2. (B13) positive adjective / negative adjective / positive adverb / negative adverb
B.
Complete the table. noun verb positive adjective negative adjective positive adverb negative adverb __________ solve __________ _________ + + origin __________ __________ __________ __________ _________
РМ № 16

Задание:
Подумайте, чем усложняется следующее задание по сравнению с заданием в РМ № 15. Read the text with questions B12-B18. For each gap, decide what kind of word (noun, adjective, etc) fills each gap. B12 _______________________ B13 _______________________ B14_______________________ B15 _______________________ B16 _______________________ B17 _______________________ B18 ______________________
РМ № 17

Технология выполнения задания-заполнения пропусков грамматической формой,

образованной от опорных слов
1. Прочитайте заголовок и весь текст, чтобы понять его общее содержание, т.к. это поможет правильно употребить пропущенные формы. 2. Прочитайте текст по предложениям, стараясь вписать в пропуски подходящее слово. При этом нужно определить, какая именно требуется грамматическая форма от опорного слова в соответствии со смыслом текста. Заполните сначала пропуски, где Вы уверены в ответе. 3. Заполните оставшиеся пропуски. Если Вы не уверены, все равно впишите слова, которые кажутся Вам наиболее приемлемыми. Перечитайте текст со вставленными словами и убедитесь, что они соответствуют тексту грамматически и правильно написаны
Навык употребления лексических единиц

в соответствии с сочетаемостью слов

Задание:
Предложите, какие ошибки допускались учащимися в следующих тестовых вопросах, и каковы причины их возникновения. А) When the amount of energy we spend is greater than the amount we build, there is a lowering of the energy supply in our bodies. This produces a state that we need to understand and ________________. 1) omit 2) reject 3) neglect 4) avoid B) … We become diseased! It means that you should be ___________ of how you spend your precious energy. 1) aware 2) acquainted 3) familiar 4) accustomed C) Many of the habits of daily living that we _____________________ for granted drain far more energy that we realize. 1) get 2) receive 3) have 4) take D) If you run _________________ of energy, you feel lethargic and you may get sick. Hence, try not to spend energy excessively. 1) back 2) out 3) through 4) behind

Задание:
Назовите, какие методические принципы использованы для повторения лексики в следующих заданиях.
Travel and transport
Topic vocabulary in contrast  voyage / journey / trip / travel / excursion  view / sight  world / earth  area / territory  season / period  border / edge / line
A
. Choose the correct answer. 1. You need a passport to cross the _________ between Mexico and the United States. a. edge b. line c. border d. rim 2. The brochure says that the hotel has a great ____________ of the sea. a. appearance b. look c. sight d. view
B
. Circle the correct word. I get the train to work every day and the
fare / free
is quite expensive. Captain Cook discovered Australia on a
voyage / travel
to the Pacific. Most tourist attractions in London charge an admission
fee / ticket
. The sunset over Niagara Falls really is a magnificent
look / sight.

Задание:
Какой навык, необходимый для правильного употребления ЛЕ требуется в следующем задании? Phrases and collocations  accident: have an accident; be (involved) in an accident; do smth by accident  advance: in advance; advance to/towards a place  route: plan your/a route; take a route  speed: at (high/full/etc) speed; a burst of speed; speed limit Write one word in each gap. 1. The speed ………………. in towns is 30 km/h and you shouldn’t go faster than that. 2. Why don’t we ……………….. the scenic route along the coast? 3. If you buy your plane ticket ………………. advance, it’s often cheaper than if you wait.
РМ № 20

Задание:
Какие методические принципы использованы для повторения фразовых глаголов в заданиях
А-С
?
Phrasal verbs


catch up with
– reach the same point/level as 
check in
– register at a hotel or in airport 
check out
– leave a hotel; investigate 
drop off
– let someone get out of a vehicle
A
. Complete using the correct form of the words in the box.
catch check get go make pick pull see
1. Every Saturday night my dad ……………………. us up outside the cinema. 2. I think the neighbours have …………… away for the weekend. 3. John’s up ahead so Greg is pedaling fast to …………………. up with him. 4. We’re going on holiday tomorrow, but we’ll call you when we ………… back.
B.
Write a phrasal verb in the correct form to replace the words in italics. Add any other words you need. 1. We can start our journey …………………….. towards the mountains at dawn. 2. Dad fetched the luggage while Mum registered …………………… at the hotel. 3. I asked the taxi driver to let me get out …………………… outside the train station.
C.
Complete each second sentence using the word given so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence. Write between two and five words in each gap. 1. I don’t know how you can stand getting up so early to go to the pool.
put
I don’t know how you can ………………………………… up so early to go to the pool. 2. I’ve finally started sorting out my postcard collection.
round
I’ve finally ……………………………………………… sorting out my postcard collection.
РМ № 21

Технология выполнения задания – заполнения пропусков (словообразование)
Данная технология совпадает с последовательностью этапов выполнения задания – заполнения пропусков грамматическими формами. Однако, выполняя пункт 2 этой технологии, нужно определить, какая часть речи необходима для заполнения пропуска, какой суффикс добавляется к корню опорного слова для образования нужной части речи, и какая приставка или суффикс придают образованному слову необходимое по смыслу значение.
Технология выполнения задания – выбора ответов из 4-х предоставленных вариантов

ответов
Данная технология отличается от технологии выполнения задания – заполнения пропусков грамматическими формами тем, что читая текст по предложениям, учащийся должен выбрать вариант ответа, соответствующий пропуску в тексте. Для этого нужно мысленно подставить каждый вариант ответа в пропуск и выбрать слово, подходящее по смыслу текста и предложения и сочетающееся со словами, стоящими до и после пропуска.

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