How was your sleep
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how was your day?»
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«so, how are you going to punish him for the act from last week?» riza asked.
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How was your sleep
よく眠れましたか？
(=Did you sleep well?)が自然な言い方だと思います
Символ показывает уровень знания интересующего вас языка и вашу подготовку. Выбирая ваш уровень знания языка, вы говорите пользователям как им нужно писать, чтобы вы могли их понять.
Мне трудно понимать даже короткие ответы на данном языке.
Могу задавать простые вопросы и понимаю простые ответы.
Могу формулировать все виды общих вопросов. Понимаю ответы средней длины и сложности.
Понимаю ответы любой длины и сложности.
Решайте свои проблемы проще в приложении!
( 30 698 )
Idioms #5 Идиомы о сне
В английском языке очень много устойчивых выражений (фразеологизмов). Если сравнить фразеологизмы с овощами, то темы для разговора превращаются в грядки. Сегодня мы с вами будем «пропалывать» грядку по теме «сон». Ну, кто же из нас не любит «дать храпуна» или «подрыхнуть»?
И если вы думали, что любовь ко сну — это только лишь национальная забава Иванов, то сильно ошибались, потому что Джоны от них ничуть не отстают в этом вопросе.
В этом уроке мы разберем 15 английских устойчивых выражений (идиом) о сне.
1 Sleep on it
Это выражения вы уже видели, если купили книгу «150 английских фраз для разговора». Перевести его на русский можно почти буквально: «переспи с этой мыслью».
You don’t have to make the decision right away, just sleep on it. – Не нужно решать сейчас, «переспи» с этой мыслью.
2 Get up on the wrong side of the bed
Дословно «Вставать не с той стороны кровати». Но любой носитель русского языка понимает это выражение, как «встать не с той ноги».
What the hell is wrong with you? Did you get up on the wrong side of the bed today? – Что, черт возьми, с тобой такое? Ты что, не с той ноги встал?
3 Sleep like a log / a baby
«Спать как бревно / как младенец.» Словом, хорошо спать.
На русском еще еще говорят «спать как убитый».
It’s no use waking him up right away. He’s always sleeping like a log after work. – Бесполезно его будить. Он всегда спит, как убитый, после работы.
4 Be fast asleep
«Быстро и крепко заснуть»
Чтобы лучше понять о чем идет речь, представьте себе ситуацию: весь день вы крутились, как белка в колесе, и вот наконец прилегли отдохнуть. Что может случиться в таком случае? — Правильно! Скорее всего, вас «одолеет» сон. Вы заснете быстро и крепко. Для таких случаев используйте выражение: be fast asleep.
After he went upstairs, she was fast asleep. – После того, как он пошел наверх, его сморил сон.
5 Be sound asleep
Обычно это выражение приводится как синоним предыдущего, однако, это не совсем так. Значение ближе к «провалиться в глубокий сон».
The children went to bed an hour ago and are now sound asleep. — Дети уже час как видят десятый сон.
В первом случае, человек заснул именно быстро. Быстрота — обязательное условие для использования be fast asleep. Во втором случае нам не важно, как быстро заснул человек, важно только, что он спит уже давно и крепко.
6 Be out like a light
Если после работы вы прямо-таки отрубаетесь и дрыхните без задних ног, то можете с полным правом сказать о себе: I’m out like a light after work.
7 Take a catnap
Catnap — это такой себе «тихий час». Короткий дневной сон. Он же может быть «cat-sleep» и «dog-sleep».
I try to take a catnap every day. – Каждый день я стараюсь вздремнуть днем.
8 Doze / nod off
«Прикорнуть», «покемарить», «клевать носом», и наконец, просто, «вздремнуть» — все это на английский можно перевести как doze off или nod off.
Однако следует обратить внимание, что nod off — о сне в сидячем положении, то есть когда сон, что называется застал вас врасплох.
John nodded off while being on a stakeout. — Джон заснул во время слежки за преступником.
9 Catch some Zs / get some shuteye
Так может звучать на английском языке слово «вздремнуть» во всех его сленговых ипостасях. Наверное, вы видели, как на картинках рисуют спящего человека с многочисленными “Zzzz”, которые он высвистывает или выдыхает во время сна. Отсюда и происходит первое выражение.
You look tired bro, you really need to catch some Zs. – Что-то ты устал, братишка, пойди-ка вздремни.
10 Нit the sack/hay
Очень ходовое выражение со значением «всхрапнуть», «на боковую», «завалиться спать».
Скорее всего, связано оно было с тем, что раньше кроватями людям служили соломенные тюфяки (sack), набитые сеном (hay). Время соломенных тюфяков давно прошло, но выражение осталось:
— Any plans for the weekend?
— I’m going to hit the sack.
— Какие планы на выходные?
— Завалиться спать.
11 Toss and turn all night
12 Didn’t sleep a wink
«Глаз не сомкнуть.»
Так, например, мама может сказать подростку:
Where the hell have you been all the night? I didn’t sleep a wink. – Где тебя, черт возьми, всю ночь носило? Я глаз не сомкнула.
13 Sleep in
Фразовый глагол, означающий «спать дольше обычного», «нежиться в кровати», а иногда и вовсе «проспать».
I always sleep in at the weekends. – Я всегда долго сплю по выходным.
14 A light / a deep sleeper
Смотрели мультик «Добрыня Никитич и змей Горыныч»? Помните, как Добрыню не мог разбудить гонец? Так вот, мы можем сказать про Добрыню: He’s the deepest sleeper in the history of Russia. — Он спал крепче всех за всю историю России.
Вы и про своего друга можете сказать: He’s such a deep sleeper.— Его и пушкой не разбудишь.
Антонимом может служить выражение a light sleeper:
When you come home late at the night, please, be quiet. You know, I’m such a light sleeper.
Когда придешь домой поздно, пожалуйста, заходи как можно тише. Ты знаешь, я просыпаюсь от каждого шороха.
15 A night owl / an early bird
Подобно тому, как мы делимся на «Сов» и «жаворонков», американцы с англичанами имеют склонность к условному делению на «сов» и «ранних пташек». Есть даже такая поговорка: an early bird catches the worm – Кто рано встает, тому Бог подает.
Еще пример: He’s a night owl, but she’s an early bird. How do they manage to live together? – Он сова, а она жаворонок. Как им удается жить вместе?
Пора прощаться, друзья! Надеюсь, было интересно. Желаю вам добрых дней и спокойных ночей!
How was your sleep
We would say “how was your sleep?” or “Did you sleep well?”
Символ показывает уровень знания интересующего вас языка и вашу подготовку. Выбирая ваш уровень знания языка, вы говорите пользователям как им нужно писать, чтобы вы могли их понять.
Мне трудно понимать даже короткие ответы на данном языке.
Могу задавать простые вопросы и понимаю простые ответы.
Могу формулировать все виды общих вопросов. Понимаю ответы средней длины и сложности.
Понимаю ответы любой длины и сложности.
Решайте свои проблемы проще в приложении!
( 30 698 )
How to Get a Better Night’s Sleep
Illustrations by Sam Kalda
Most people know they need to eat right and exercise to be healthy. But what about sleep? We spend about one-third of our lives asleep, and sleep is essential to better health. But many of us are struggling with sleep. Four out of five people say that they suffer from sleep problems at least once a week and wake up feeling exhausted. So how do you become a more successful sleeper? Grab a pillow, curl up and keep reading to find out.
How Much Sleep Do You Really Need?
If you wake up tired, chances are you’re not getting enough sleep. These strategies may help you determine your sleep needs.
The Magic Number
The best person to determine how much sleep you need is you. If you feel tired, you probably need more sleep. But science does offer some more specific guidance. People who sleep seven hours a night are healthier and live longer. Sleeping less than seven hours is associated with a range of health problems including obesity, heart disease, depression and impaired immune function. But sleep needs vary greatly by individual. Age, genetics, lifestyle and environment all play a role. The National Sleep Foundation recently updated its sleep recommendations based on age.
While these numbers are useful guidelines, they really don’t tell you anything about your individual sleep needs, which are largely determined by genetics — and strongly influenced by your habits.
Ask Yourself: ‘Are You Sleepy?’
This simple question is the best way to determine if you’re getting adequate sleep. If you often feel tired at work, long for a nap or fall asleep on your morning or evening commute, your body is telling you that it’s not getting enough sleep. If you’re getting seven or eight hours of sleep a night but still feeling tired and sleep-deprived, you may be suffering from interrupted sleep or a sleep disorder and may need to talk to a doctor and undergo a sleep study.
Keep a Sleep Diary
Even if you think you’re getting enough sleep, you may be surprised once you see your sleep patterns in black and white. Some of the new activity trackers will monitor your sleep patterns for you, but you can also do it easily yourself. For the next week, keep a sleep diary:
1. Write down the time you go to bed and the hour you wake up.
2. Determine the total number of hours you sleep. Note whether you took naps or woke up in the middle of the night.
3. Note how you felt in the morning. Refreshed and ready to conquer the world? Or groggy and fatigued?
Try it yourself:
Not only will a sleep diary will give you important insights into your sleep habits, but it will be useful to your doctor if you think you are suffering from a sleep disorder.
Take a Vacation From Your Alarm Clock
Want to really identify your individual sleep needs? Try this “sleep vacation” experiment. To do this, you will need two weeks when you don’t have somewhere to be at a specific time in the morning. If you have a flexible job, you can do this any time, or you may have to wait until a vacation.
The experiment requires a little discipline:
1. Pick the same bedtime every night.
2. Turn off your alarm.
3. Record the time you wake up.
Chances are, you will sleep longer during the first few days, because you are catching up on lost sleep, so the first few days of data won’t be useful. But over the course of a few weeks, if you stick to the scheduled bedtime and allow yourself to wake up naturally, you’ll begin to see a pattern emerge of how many hours of sleep your body needs each night.
Once you determine your natural sleep needs, think about the time you need to wake up to get to work or school on time and pick a bedtime that allows you enough sleep to wake up naturally.
More Tips on Sleep
How Sleep Loss Adds to Weight Gain
The School Bully Is Sleepy
Poor Sleep May Spur College Weight Gain
October 26, 2015
Sleep Poorly? You May Eat Too Much the Next Day
November 2, 2016
Morning Lark or Night Owl?
Do you pop out of bed bright and early, ready to take on the world? Or do you find yourself making friends with the snooze button after staying up all night?
Take the Quiz
Do you wake up hungry? What’s your best time of day? Those and other questions are part of a test commonly used by sleep experts to determine whether you are a lark, a night owl or somewhere in between.
You can to find out what type of person you are.
How to Become a Morning Person
Like most creatures on Earth, humans come equipped with a circadian clock, a roughly 24-hour internal timer that keeps our sleep patterns in sync with our planet — at least until genetics, age and our personal habits get in the way. Even though the average adult needs eight hours of sleep per night, there are so-called “shortsleepers,” who need far less, and morning people, who, research shows, often come from families of other morning people. Then there’s the rest of us, who rely on alarm clocks.
For those who fantasize about greeting the dawn with a smile, there is hope. With a little focus, discipline and patience, you have the ability to reset your own internal clock. But be warned, it’s not easy. Changing your sleep pattern requires commitment, and it means changing old habits. No more TV-watching marathons late into the night.
Changing your internal sleep clock requires inducing a sort of jet lag without leaving your time zone, and sticking it out until your body clock resets itself. And, most importantly, not resetting it again.Here’s how to become more of a morning person.
Step 1: Set a goal for your wake-up time.
Step 2: Move your current wake-up time by 20 minutes each day. For example, if you regularly rise at 8 a.m., but really want to get moving at 6 a.m., set the alarm for 7:40 a.m. on Monday. On Tuesday, set it for 7:20 a.m. and so on until you are setting your alarm for 6 a.m.
Step 3: Go to bed when you are tired. Avoid extra light exposure from computers or televisions as you near bedtime.
Step 4: When your alarm goes off in the morning, don’t linger in bed. Hit yourself with light — open your shades, turn on the lamp.
Step 5: Go to bed a little earlier the next night. In theory, you should get sleepy about 20 minutes earlier each night.
A word of warning: While this method works for many, it doesn’t work for everyone. Very early risers and longtime night owls have a hard time ever changing.
How to Wake Up
If you are struggling to wake up in the morning, sleep experts suggest a few simple ways to train your body.
Buy a Louder Alarm: It may sound silly, but if you regularly sleep through your alarm, you may need a different alarm. If you use your phone alarm, change up the ring tone and set the volume on high.
Sunlight: One of the most powerful cues to wake up the brain is sunlight. Leaving your blinds open so the sun shines in will help you wake up sooner if you regularly sleep late into the day.
Eat Breakfast: Eating breakfast every day will train your body to expect it and help get you in sync with the morning. If you’ve ever flown across time zones, you’ll notice that airlines often serve scrambled eggs and other breakfast foods to help passengers adjust to the new time zone.
Don’t Blow It on the Weekend: Besides computer screens, the biggest saboteur for an aspiring morning person is the weekend. Staying up later on Friday or sleeping in on Saturday sends the brain an entirely new set of scheduling priorities, so by Monday, a 6 a.m. alarm may feel like 4 a.m. It’s tough, but stick to your good sleep habits, even on the weekends.
Take the Quiz
Do you wake up hungry? What’s your best time of day? Those and other questions are part of a test commonly used by sleep experts to determine whether you are a lark, a night owl or somewhere in between.
You can to find out what type of person you are.
More On Your Sleep Patterns
To Improve Fitness, Try Sleep
Helping Our School-Age Children Sleep Better
Work Bullying Linked With Poor Sleep
September 2, 2009
American Sleep Patterns Vary by Age, Race and Place, Study Finds
February 21, 2016
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Sick and Tired
Tired people are not happy, healthy or safe. Here are some of the things that go wrong when you don’t get enough sleep.
Sleep and Illness
People who get less than seven hours of sleep a night are more likely to have chronic health problems like obesity, heart disease, diabetes, high blood pressure, stroke, depression and premature death.
While the long-term health risks of bad sleep are enough to keep you awake at night, there’s more bad news. You’re also In one surprising study, researchers found 164 men and women who were willing to take nose drops that exposed them to the cold virus. (And that’s not the most surprising part of the story.) You might think that everyone who willingly puts a cold virus in their nose would get sick, but they don’t. A healthy immune system can fight off a cold. But not a sleep-deprived immune system. The people most likely to get sick from the cold-infused nose drops? Those who got six or fewer hours of sleep.
The Tired Brain
Why does this happen? While the body goes into rest mode during sleep, the brain becomes highly active. Think of your brain like a computer or a smartphone that uses the nighttime to back up all your data. One of its big jobs is to consolidate memories, link with old memories and create paths for you to retrieve memories. It also forms connections between disparate thoughts and ideas. That’s why sometimes, when you wake up, a big idea suddenly pops into your head. And it’s why, when you don’t sleep, your thinking and memory are fuzzy. that when you don’t sleep (like when students pull an all-nighter), your ability to learn new information drops by almost half.
Toxins in the Attic
Another important function of sleep is that it allows the brain to do some mental housekeeping. Yes, sleep helps you clean up the cerebellum, polish the parietal and flush the frontal lobe. Sleep cleans out the toxic junk in your brain. In mouse studies, researchers found that during sleep, the space between brain cells gets bigger, allowing the brain to flush out toxins. While more study is needed, the research suggests that not sleeping can allow toxins to accumulate and may be linked with brain diseases like Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s.
Driving While Tired
You are at risk for drowsy driving if you get less than six hours of sleep at night. Another risk factor is snoring. Snorers also are at risk for drowsy driving because snoring is a sign of sleep apnea and interrupted sleep. (See our section below, “Call a Doctor,” for more on sleep apnea.)
In 2009, an estimated 730 deadly motor vehicle accidents involved a driver who was either sleepy or dozing off, and an additional 30,000 crashes that were nonfatal involved a drowsy driver. Accidents involving sleepy drivers are more likely to be deadly or cause injuries, in part because people who fall asleep at the wheel either fail to hit their brakes or veer off the road before crashing.
Groggy drivers often blast the radio or roll down the window to stay awake, but those measures don’t really work, say experts. Coffee or a caffeinated drink may help, but some individuals don’t get much of an effect. The best advice if you find yourself sleepy at the wheel: Pull over for a quick cat nap.
Sleep and Weight Gain
Part of the reason may be that sleep-deprived people eat more. Staying up late and skimping on sleep leads to more eating in general, and a hankering for carbohydrates.In one study, sleep-deprived eaters ended up eating more calories during after-dinner snacking than in any other meal during the day. By the end of the first week the sleep-deprived subjects had gained an average of about two pounds. Over all, people consumed 6 percent more calories when they got too little sleep. Once they started sleeping more, they began eating more healthfully, consuming fewer carbohydrates and fats.
More On Sleep and Your Health
Attention Problems May Be Sleep-Related
From Sleep Study, Clues to Happiness
Sleeping Less May Dampen Vaccine Response
For Sleepy Drivers, Coffee vs. Napping
December 4, 2007
Sleep Habits
The first step toward better sleep is better “sleep hygiene” – daily habits that train your body for sleep.
Manage Your Clock
Like most creatures on earth, humans come equipped with a circadian clock, a roughly 24-hour internal timer that keeps our sleep patterns in sync with our planet. At least until our personal habits get in the way.Here are the key factors that matter for your “sleep hygiene”:
Bedtime: Go to bed at about the same time every night, including weekends.
Don’t Sleep In: Keep your wake-up time consistent. Don’t sleep in on the weekends.
Naps: Avoid naps. If you must take a nap, set the alarm so you don’t sleep for more than an hour. Don’t take a nap after 3 p.m.
Keep to a Schedule: Schedules aren’t just about bedtime and wake-up time. It also means eating your meals, taking medications, exercise and even watching television should occur about the same time every day to keep your body clock in sync.
Avoid Screens: Turn off the tablet, the television and the phone. The blue light in your screen has the same effect on your brain as sunlight, which means it wakes you up just when you want to be drifting off.
Think Spa Bedroom: Make your bedroom a pleasant, peaceful and relaxing getaway. Get rid of exercise equipment, televisions, small children, etc.
Beds Are for Sleep and Romance: Don’t use the bed for watching television, talking on the phone, doing homework or eating and drinking.
Work Out Early: Strenuous exercise is not a good idea right before bedtime. Try yoga.
No Night Eating: Don’t eat meals close to bedtime and avoid evening and late night snacking. If your body is churning through a big meal, it’s certainly not going to get the rest it needs. And if you’re overweight or prone to digestion problems, you’re likely to experience painful heartburn and reflux if you binge too close to bedtime.
Catch Some Morning Rays: Sunlight keeps your internal clock ticking. Go outside as soon as you wake up and spend at least 15 minutes in the morning sun. (And if it’s a hot sun, use sunscreen.)
Keep It Cool: Cool bodies sleep better, but most people keep their bedrooms too warm at night, which can interfere with sleep. Taking a hot bath before bedtime is a good idea, because once you get out of the bath, your body cools down more quickly, which will help you drift off to sleep.
More On Your Sleep Habits
What Keeps Kids Up at Night? Cellphones and Tablets
October 31, 2016
Let’s Cool It in the Bedroom
When Kids Are in the Bed: The Ups and Downs of Co-Sleeping
Which Came First? The Behavior Problems, or the Poor Sleep?
October 17, 2016
How Are We Doing?
Tell us what you think about this guide from The New York Times.
Call a Doctor
If you have adopted better sleeping habits and you are still suffering from chronic sleepiness, you may need to see a doctor.
More than 40 million Americans suffer from chronic, long-term sleep disorders, and an additional 20 million report sleeping problems occasionally, according to the National Institutes of Health. Here are some of the medical reasons people are losing sleep at night.
Insomnia: If you regularly have trouble with falling asleep, staying asleep or waking too early, you suffer from insomnia. Treatment includes behavioral therapy, strict sleep hygiene and medication.
Sleep Apnea: If you suffer from excessive daytime sleepiness, the cause may be sleep apnea. A person typically doesn’t know he or she has sleep apnea, and is usually alerted to the problem by a bed partner who must cope with the loud snoring, snorts and gasps that are often associated with the disorder. A person with sleep apnea experiences pauses in breathing while sleeping. These pauses can last for seconds to minutes and occur dozens of times in an hour. Breathing restarts with a gasp, a choking sound or a snort. When this occurs, a person may not wake up, but he or she moves from deep sleep to light sleep, and wakes feeling tired and fatigued.Sleep apnea is unpleasant for a bed partner, and it’s risky to your health. If you think you have it, see a doctor.
Restless Legs Syndrome: An estimated 8 percent of the population has restless legs syndrome, a neurological condition. There are four basic symptoms that occur with R.L.S.:
1. A strong urge to move your legs, sometimes accompanied by a burning sensation.
2. Your symptoms are worse when you body is at rest.
3. Symptoms improve when you move.
4. Symptoms are worse at night.
Anxiety: Anxiety can interfere with sleep. And feeling sleep-deprived can cause anxiety. Most psychiatric disorders are linked with some type of sleep problem. And people with chronic insomnia are at risk for anxiety disorders.
Hot Flashes: Hot flashes aren’t limited to the daytime, and at night they can disrupt sleep and leave a menopausal woman soaked in her own sweat, causing her discomfort or waking her up enough to prompt her to change clothes and try to go back to bed. Hormone treatments and antidepressants may help, or a woman can just gut it out and
Get Studied
If you suffer from a chronic sleep problem or suspect you have sleep apnea, your doctor may order a sleep study. There are three types of sleep studies.
Polysomnogram: This study, called a PSG, is requires an overnight stay at the sleep lab. Patients are fitted with sensors and then allowed to sleep. During the night the study will record brain activity, heart rate, blood pressure, oxygen levels, body movements and more.
Multiple Sleep Latency Test: An M.S.L.T. sleep study is performed during the day and measures daytime sleepiness. Patients are given opportunities to nap for 20 minutes every few hours while your brain and eye movements are monitored.
Maintenance of Wakefulness Test: The M.W.T. is a daytime sleep study that measures alertness and your ability to stay awake. It’s used to assess sleep issues in a person where sleepiness is a safety issue, like a bus driver or train operator.
What Happens During a Sleep Study
Sleep studies are a strange experience. Wires and electrodes are placed on your scalp and face, near the eyes and chin to detect eye movements and chin movements caused by teeth grinding. Elastic belts may be placed around your chest and stomach to measure breathing. A tube may be placed in the nose to measure breathing, and electrodes placed on the legs to measure leg movement. EKG monitors are used to measure heart rate and a small microphone is placed on the throat to detect snoring. While it sounds impossible to sleep under these conditions, most of the people who need a sleep study eventually fall asleep – at least long enough for the technicians to gather the data they need.