It is difficult to tell exactly how many languages there are in the world today

It is difficult to tell exactly how many languages there are in the world today

Прочитайте текст. Заполните пропуски в предложениях под номерами В11-В16 соответствующими формами слов, напечатанных заглавными буквами справа от каждого предложения. TEST 05 ( part 2)

B11

It is difficult to tell exactly how many languages there are in the world today. ………………… say there are about 2,700 languages, but no one has ever made a more definite count.

SCIENCE

B12

In most countries there are at least two native languages, and in some cases — as in Cameroon — there are hundreds. The number of languages ………………… changes as tribes die out or linguistic groups are absorbed.

NATURAL

B13

Nowadays, globalization influences the ………………… of languages. New words appear, existing words acquire new meanings, native words give way to international terms.

DEVELOP

B14

Almost all languages change. A rare exception is written Icelandic, which has changed so little that ………………… of modern Icelandic can read sagas written a thousand years ago.

SPEAK

B15

APPEAR

B16

VARY

Лексико_грамматический тест

ЛЕКСИКО_ГРАММАТИЧЕСКИЙ ТЕСТ 10 КЛАСС

I. Four sentences have been removed from the text. (4 marks) Choose from the sentences a–e the one which fits each gap (1–4). There is one extra sentence which you do not need to use.

In 1887 a new language was invented by Dr. Zamenhof, who was born in Poland. (1)_________. This new language was called Esperanto. (2)_________. Dr. Zamenhof believed that lots of people would speak the new language as a second language. (3)___________.

But the language has not been very popular or successful. (4)__________. Today only a small number of people in the world can speak it.

a. It was a mixture of a number of European languages and it had a very simple grammar.
*****ssia is one of the countries where Esperanto is still alive.
c. He lived a great part of his life in Russia.
d. It was very easy to learn and rich enough to express thoughts and feelings.
e. There are other artificial languages invented by people.

II. Make Sentences by putting the words in order. (6 marks)

1. many, there, How, every, are, everyday, lectures, in, time-table, your?
2. Chinese, the, Many, people, is, world’s, language, think, difficult, that, most.
3. Walt, is, known, well, Disney, the, very, all, world, over.
4. neither, like, books, dull, nor, films, I, dull.
5. people, we, international, all, think, Some, should, speak, language, single, a.
6. this, What, in, there, monument, is, street?

III. Put questions to the words in bold. (5marks)

1. Her father was a teacher of science.
2. After many years of waiting she finally left her native city in 1891.
3. She lived in a bare attic in the poorest quarter of Paris.
4. Her meals were poor.
5. The University of Paris refused him a laboratory.

IV. Complete the text with a, an, the where necessary. (5marks)

There is plenty to see and do in and around Moscow, during (1)____ day and at (2)____ night. Visit (3)_____ Kremlin, (4)____ most famous site in Moscow; walk round (5)_____ busy streets and buy (6)_____ traditional Russian souvenirs. Go to (7)_____ Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts or (8)_____ Tretyakov Gallery. Enjoy your stay in Moscow, it’s (9)_____ great place for (10)____ holiday.

V. Read the text below and think of the word which best fits each space. (5marks) Use only one word in each space.

New Year’s day (1)________ celebrated all over the world, but not always at the (2)_________ time. Our New Year starts (3)_______ 1 January but the Chinese New Year (4)_________ place any time between 21 January and 19 February, depending (5)_______ the year.

VI. Correct the mistakes in the following sentences. (5marks)

1. I’ll phone you when I’ll get home from school. ___________________

2. We’ll go out when it’ll stop raining. ________________________

3. If I know his number, I would phone him. ______________________

4. If you were in my position, what will you do? ____________________

5. I’ll go to Hawaii if I will earn enough money. ____________________

VII. Put the verb into the correct form, active or passive. (12 marks)

Eights Week at Oxford

Eights Week at Oxford, usually the fourth week, in May is a fine spectacle and should not (1)__________ (to miss) by anyone interested in old customs. It is the time when the main bumping races of the year (2)__________ (to hold) and the college eights (3)__________ (to compete) on the River Isis. Races (4)________ (to run) on a league principle, with different divisions. The last race on the last day (5)_______ (to decide) which college is Head of the River. Boats (6)_________ (to space) at intervals, and the object is to catch and bump the one in front. A crew succeeding four days in succession, win their oars (the cox his rudder) – and by ancient custom throw their cox into the river.

Eights – гребные состязания между оксфордскими и кембриджскими студентами
the River is the Thames, but it is mysteriously called the Isis where it flows through Oxford

VIII. Translate the sentences by using appropriate verb tenses and modals. (8marks)

1. Полиция искала преступника два года, прежде чем они смогли поймать его.

2. Я думаю, что он не сможет сделать это вовремя.

3. Если у вас нет компьютера и вы не можете послать сообщение по электронной почте, вы можете написать нам.

4. Могу я поговорить с Келли? – Она не может подойти к телефону прямо сейчас. – Могу я оставить сообщение?

5. Почему ты не пришёл вчера вечером на вечеринку? – Я должен был заниматься. – Тебе следовало прийти. Мы хорошо провели время.

6. Джейн смотрит на свою контрольную работу, которую только что вернул преподаватель. Она улыбается. Должно быть, она сдала тест.

7. Кое-что я должен тебе сказать. – Давай. Я слушаю.

8. У меня проблемы с английским. – Я мог бы помочь тебе.

I. 1. c; 2. a; 3. d; 4. b

II. 1. How many lectures are there in your time-table every day?
2. Many people think that Chinese is the world’s most difficult language.
3. Walt Disney is very well known all over the world.
4. I like neither dull books nor dull films.
5 Some people think we should all speak a single international language.
6 What monument is there in this street?

III. 1. Who was the teacher of science?
2. What did she finally do?
3. What kind of quarter of Paris did she live?
4. What was poor?
5. What did the University of Paris do?

IV. 1. the; 2. –; 3. the; 4. the; 5. the; 6. –; 7. the; 8. the; 9. a; 10. a

V. 1. is; 2. same; 3. on; 4. takes; 5. on

VI. 1. …when I get home…; 2. …it stops…; 3. If I knew…; 4. …what would you do; 5. …if I earn…

VII. 1. be missed; 2. are held; pete; 4. are run; 5. decides; 6. are spaced

VIII. 1. The police had been searching for the criminal for two years before they could (were able to)

2. I think he won’t be able to do it on time.

3. If you don’t have a computer, and you can’t send a message by e-mail, you may (can) write to us.

4. May/Could/Can I speak to Kelly? – She can’t come to the phone right now. – May/Could I leave a message?

5. Why didn’t you come to the party last night? – I had to study. – You should have come. We had a good time.

6. Jane is looking at her test paper the teacher (has) just returned. She’s smiling. She must have passed the test.

7. There’s something I have to tell you. – Go ahead. I’m listening.

8. I’m having problems in English. – I could try to help you.

Промежуточная аттестация по английскому языку в11 классе

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Контрольная работа по английскому языку. Класс 11.

1. Plan beforehand

2. Carnival roots

3. The best viewpoints

4. Styles of dancing

5. A music group for a street

6. Carnival’s music

7. The time for pleasure

8. The time to attend the Carnival

A. Carnival is the most famous holiday in Brazil and has become a world-famous annual celebration. It is celebrated in towns and villages throughout Brazil for almost a week 40 days before Easter, which is usually in February, the hottest month in the Southern Hemisphere. Officially, it starts on Saturday and finishes on Fat Tuesday with the beginning of Lent on Ash Wednesday, during which some Christians give up something that they enjoy.

B. The most colourful events take place in the Carnival World Capital, Rio de Janeiro. It was the original place where, in 1723, Portuguese immigrants went out onto the streets soaking each other with buckets of water and throwing mud and food, often ending up in street brawls and riots. The concept kept changing throughout the 1800s with more organized parades, where the Emperor with a group of aristocrats joined in masks with luxurious costumes and music.

C. Now the parade varies from state to state. It is a mixture of arts. The music played during Rio Carnival is samba — a unique Brazilian music originating from Rio. It’s also a dance form that was invented by the poor Afro-Brazilians as a type of ritual music. The word «samba» meant to pray to the spirits of the ancestors and the gods of the African Pantheon. As a noun, it could mean a complaint or a cry.

D. Even today, the most involved groups in Rio Carnival are the poorest, the so-called «favelas», where houses are made of cardboard or other metal remains, and there is often no water, electricity or sewage system. However, the favelas’ residents always join in the festivities and actually make the Carnival, which really means a lot to them. Because, for once during the year, they get to go out and have as much fun as they can.

E. Residents of the favelas are often members of local samba schools and are deeply involved with the performance and costumes of their groups. Each neighborhood in Rio has its favorite Carnival street band. There are more than 300 of them in Rio nowadays, and each year this number increases. Each band has its place or street for its parade and the big ones usually close the streets to the traffic.

F. Rio de Janeiro is usually divided into three zones. The so-called Zona Sul is by far the most pleasant place to stay in Rio, as it is by the sea and is the most civilized part of the city. Districts Copacabana and Ipanema together form a big stage offering a carnival happening at every corner. Leblon, being a bit more upscale, is also an excellent location.

G. Except the industries, malls and the carnival-related workers, the country stops completely for almost a week and festivities are intense, day and night. If you plan to go to watch the Carnival, you should organize your trip well in advance. The best hotels, especially in the Zona Sul, are booked up early, so it’s a good idea to make a reservation at least 3 or 4 months in advance.

The legends of ancient Greece tell us about the half man-half bull called the Minotaur. People were afraid of this strange and terrible beast _______ in a deep, dark Labyrinth on the island of Crete. LIVE

The Labyrinth _______by the cunning and ingenious mind of Daedalus. DESIGN

Daedalus was a brilliant architect and inventor – in fact, he was so brilliant that King Minos of Crete _______ to let him go back to his home in Athens. NOT WANT

Instead, he _________ him as a prisoner. KEEP

Daedalus lived with his son Icarus in a tower of the palace, and King Minos made him invent weapons of war that would make his army and navy even ______ than they already were. POWERFUL

Although Daedalus and Icarus had every comfort that they ________ ask for, the father longed to return home to Athens. Icarus hardly remembered his city, but he too wanted to leave, because he longed to run and play in the open, rather than be in a tower all day. CAN

Daedalus looked out over the waves of the sea, and he realised that even if they managed to slip out of the tower and find a little boat, they would not be able to sail far. One of King Minos’s ______ would spot and catch them very soon. SEAMAN

The world’s language

The English language is famous for the richness of its vocabulary. Webster’s New International Dictionary lists 450,000 words, and the new Oxford English Dictionary has 615,000, but that is only part of the total. Technical and ___________ terms would add millions more. SCIENCE

The wealth of existing synonyms means that ____________ of English have two words for something denoted by one word in a different language. The French, for instance, do not distinguish between house and home, between mind and brain. The Spanish cannot differentiate a chairman from a president. SPEAK

In Russia, there are no native words for efficiency, challenge and engagement ring. Of course, every language has areas in which it needs, for __________ purposes, to be more expressive than others. PRACTICE

The Eskimos have fifty words for types of snow, though there is no word for just plain snow. ________, African languages have no native word for snow. NATURAL

Nowadays, globalization influences the __________________ of languages. DEVELOP

Some native words ____________, giving way to international terms. APPEAR

Контрольная работа по английскому языку. Класс 11.

1. То play any tune

2. A brand new shore museum

3. Still moving along

4. Back from the seas

5. Not a bank but.

6. Magic as attraction

7. A museum of popular drinks

8. One tool museum

A. The Salem Witch Museum brings you back to Salem of 1692 for a dramatic overview of the Witch Trials, including stage sets with life-size figures, lighting and a narration. There is also a possibility to go on a candlelight tour to four selected homes. The museum is open all year round and closed on Thanksgiving, Christmas and New Year’s Day. Salem is also famous for its Haunted Happenings, a 24-day Halloween festival.

B. The Discover Sea Shipwreck Museum opened its doors in 1995, and has one of the largest collections of shipwreck and recovered artifacts in the Mid-Atlantic. It contains about 10,000 artifacts from local and worldwide locations, including an intact blown-glass hourglass from a 200-year-old shipwreck, which is also the world’s deepest wooden wreck at the heart of the Bermuda Triangle.

C. The Seashore Trolley Museum is the oldest and largest electric railway museum in the world. It was founded in 1939 with one open trolley car, No. 31 from the Biddeford & Saco Railroad Company. The Seashore Trolley Museum contains over 250 transit vehicles, mostly trolleys, from the United States, Canada and abroad. Visitors can even take a trip along the Maine countryside aboard a restored early-1900s electric streetcar.

D. American Hop Museum is dedicated to the brewing industry and located in the heart of the Yakima Valley’s hop fields, which gather the best harvest for producing beer. It chronicles the American hop industry from the New England colonies to its expansion into California and the Pacific Northwest, and includes historical equipment, photos and artifacts that pay tribute to hop, the everlasting vine that is still an integral part of the brewing industry.

E. The Money Museum in Colorado Springs is America’s largest museum dedicated to numismatics (the study of collecting coins and metals). The collection contains over 250,000 items from the earliest invention of money to modern day, with items including paper money, coins, tokens, medals, and traditional money from all over the world. Highlights include the 1804 dollar, the 1913 V Nickel, the 1866 no motto series, a comprehensive collection of American gold coins, and experimental pattern coins and paper money.

F. The Kenneth G. Fiske Museum of Musical Instruments in California has one of the most diverse collections of musical instruments in the United States. This museum is home to over 1,400 American, European and ethnic instruments from the 17th-20th centuries. Selections from all parts of the world also include keyboards, brass, woodwind, stringed, percussion, mechanical and electronic instruments. Other highlights are rare pieces from the violin and viola families, reed organs and instruments from the Orient and Tibet.

G. The Hammer Museum in Alaska is the world’s first museum dedicated to hammers. The Museum provides a view of the past through the use of man’s first tool. You will find over 1500 hammers on display, ranging from ancient times to the present. The museum does not have any paid staff, and it is run by volunteers. This quaint and quirky museum is an interesting and informative stop for the whole family.

Among the e-mails waiting for me at work one morning was one from a member of my staff. It was sent from his personal e-mail address and there was only his home phone number. Thinking something was wrong, I immediately called ____. HE

A sleepy female voice answered and told me he was at work and __________________ home late in the evening. COME

The __________________ moment was when I remembered that I had recently asked staff members to give me their home numbers. I went right down to the employee’s office to apologize for my call. BAD

______, however, he thanked me. I had awakened his daughter, who had an exam that morning but had forgotten to set her alarm. Thanks to my call, she hadn’t missed the exam. LATE

New Seven Wonders of the World: Machu Picchu

Machu Picchu, often called «The Lost City of the Incas», is probably the most famous symbol of the Incan Empire. Machu Picchu is situated 7,875 ______ above sea level in Peru. FOOT

Machu Picchu __________________ around the year 1460 by the Inca as a secret ceremonial city, very well hidden and protected. BUILD

The ruins of Machu Picchu were rediscovered in 1911 by an American archaeologist. Since then, Machu Picchu ___________ an important tourist attraction. Thousands of visitors come here every year to admire its wonders. BECOME

It is difficult to tell exactly how many languages there are in the world today. ________ say there are about 2,700 languages, but no one has ever made a more definite count. SCIENCE

In most countries there are at least two native languages, and in some cases — as in Cameroon — there are hundreds. The number of languages _______ changes as tribes die out or linguistic groups are absorbed. NATURAL

Nowadays, globalization influences the ________ of languages. New words appear, existing words acquire new meanings, native words give way to international terms. DEVELOP

Almost all languages change. A rare exception is written Icelandic, which has changed so little that _________ of modern Icelandic can read sagas written a thousand years ago. SPEAK

If you drew a map of Europe based on languages, it would be different from a conventional map. For example, Switzerland would practically _________, becoming part of the surrounding areas of French, Italian, and German. APPEAR

Italy, too, would appear on the map not as one language, but as a whole ________ of broadly related but often mutually incomprehensible dialects. VARY

A−8: The Carnival is the most famous holiday in Brazil and has become a world—famous annual celebration.

B−2: It was the original place where, in 1723, Portuguese immigrants went out onto the streets soaking each other with buckets of water and throwing mud and food, often ending up in street brawls and riots.

C−6: It is a mixture of arts. The music played during Rio Carnival is samba — a unique Brazilian music originating from Rio. It’s also a dance form that was invented by the poor Afro—Brazilians as a type of ritual music.

D−7: Even today, the most involved groups in Rio Carnival are the poorest. Because, for once during the year, they get to go out and have as much fun as they can.

E−5: Each neighborhood in Rio has its favorite Carnival street band.

F−3: The so—called Zona Sul is by far the most pleasant place to stay in Rio, as it is by the sea and is the most civilized part of the city.

G−1: If you plan to go to watch the Carnival, you should organize your trip well in advance. The best hotels, especially in the Zona Sul, are booked up early, so it’s a good idea to make a reservation at least 3 or 4 months in advance.

A−6: There is also a possibility to go on a candlelight tour to four selected homes.

B−4: The Discover Sea Shipwreck Museum opened its doors in 1995, and has one of the largest collections of shipwreck and recovered artifacts in the Mid—Atlantic

C−3: The Seashore Trolley Museum is the oldest and largest electric railway museum in the world. Visitors can even take a trip along the Maine countryside aboard a restored early—1900s electric streetcar.

D−7: American Hop Museum is dedicated to the brewing industry and located in the heart of the Yakima Valley’s hop fields, which gather the best harvest for producing beer.

E−5: The collection contains over 250,000 items from the earliest invention of money to modern day, with items including paper money, coins, tokens, medals, and traditional money from all over the world.

F−1: The Kenneth G. Fiske Museum of Musical Instruments in California has one of the most diverse collections of musical instruments in the United States.

G−8: The Hammer Museum in Alaska is the world’s first museum dedicated to hammers.

Why Are There So Many Languages?

Have You Ever Wondered.

Today’s Wonder of the Day was inspired by Irene. Irene Wonders, “I wonder how language started.” Thanks for WONDERing with us, Irene!

How many languages do you speak? If you’re a student in the United States, the answer might be just one: English. Of course, many U.S. students speak two languages, such as English and Spanish, while other students may speak a few different languages.

All of the people living in a certain area would tend to develop a common set of words for thoughts and ideas they wanted to communicate. People in other areas of the world, though, with different needs and backgrounds, would likely develop other words. In this way, different languages might have developed independently all around the world.

Linguists also cannot tell us exactly how many languages there are in the world today. Part of the reason is that some areas of the world remain unexplored to the point of knowing the exact range of languages spoken in any specific area. It’s also more complicated to count languages than you might guess.

For example, only about 230 languages are spoken in Europe, whereas over 2,000 languages are spoken across Asia. One particularly-diverse area is Papua-New Guinea, where a population of about 4 million people speaks as many as 832 different languages!

Studies of hyperpolyglots around the world reveal people who use up to 14 languages on a daily basis as a translator to those who have a working knowledge of 60 or more languages. How many languages do you think you could learn if you set your mind to it?

Wonder Contributors

We’d like to thank:

Natalie
for contributing questions about today’s Wonder topic!

Вербицкая английский язык подготовка к егэ.

Я успела окончить школу еще до той поры, когда вводили ЕГЭ. Конечно, противников подобной системы экзаменов гораздо больше, чем сторонников, но это уже наша с вами реальность, с которой гораздо легче мириться, чем ей противостоять.

ЕГЭ по английскому языку — непростой экзамен. В 2017 году поступить в хороший ВУЗ с базовым уровнем сдачи экзамена по английскому языку вряд ли получится. Чтобы получить высокий балл, нужно начинать подготовку к экзамену как можно раньше.

Как мы знаем, письменная часть состоит из 40 заданий, на которые ученикам выделяется 3 часа, и включает в себя:

Стоит сказать, что за первую часть экзамена по английскому языку максимально дают 80 баллов, если ученику необходимо повысить балл, то он обязан прийти на второй день для сдачи устной части.

Если письменную часть можно понатаскать, занимаясь самостоятельно по всевозможным пособиям, то вот для устной части нужен педагог.

Данный пост будет посвящен наиболее удачным учебным пособиям для подготовки к ЕГЭ по английскому языку самостоятельно.

1. Macmillan Exam Skills for Russia

2. А.И. Немыкина, А.В. Почепаева — ЕГЭ. Устная часть

Пособие представляет собой сборник тестов для проверки навыков устной речи, а также тренажер для отработки навыков сдачи устной части ЕГЭ по английскому языку на компьютере. Именно с этого учебника стоит начинать подготовку к устной части, если вы занимаетесь самостоятельно. В начале дается полный разбор заданий устной части, а потом 20 тестов с пояснительными материалами.

3. Афанасьева О., Эванс В., Копылова В. — Practice Exam Papers for the Russian National Exam

Данное учебное пособие с аудиоприложением содержит 20 вариантов тестов по английскому языку в формате ЕГЭ.
Отличительными чертами учебника являются вариативные задания, соответствующие повышенному и высокому уровням подготовки к ЕГЭ, а также разнообразные по жанрам тексты для аудирования и чтения. Следует отметить и замечательные образцы выполнения заданий по всем видам речевой деятельности.

4. Музланова Е.С. — Английский язык. ЕГЭ-учебник

Пособие составлено по тематическому принципу и состоит из 16 тематических блоков, которые охватывают весь спектр тем, предусмотренных кодификатором ЕГЭ по английскому языку. Блоки состоят из 5 разделов: чтение, аудирование, говорение, грамматика и лексика, письмо. В каждый раздел включены задания экзаменационного типа, а также полезные советы по их выполнению, что позволит учащимся успешно подготовиться к экзамену. После выполнения всех заданий учащиеся смогут сверить ответы с ключами.

5. Вербицкая М.В. — ЕГЭ. Английский язык. Типовые экзаменационные варианты. 10 (30) вариантов

Данный учебник входит в известную всем выпускникам серию «ЕГЭ. ФИПИ — школе», которая подготовлена разработчиками контрольных измерительных материалов единого госэкзамена. Выпускается в 2 видах: 10 вариантов тестов и 30 вариантов. Разница, как вы понимаете, только в количестве тестов. В сборнике из 30 тестов представлены 15 тематических вариантов по всем разделам ЕГЭ, 15 типовых экзаменационных вариантов, задания устной части, инструкции по выполнению, ответы ко всем заданиям и др.

6. Юнёва С.А. — Открывая мир с английским языком. 150 эссе для ЕГЭ. Готовимся к ЕГЭ

Пособие адресовано учащимся, самостоятельно готовящимся к ЕГЭ по английскому языку, а так же учителям, которые могут использовать его на занятиях в классе и при подготовке учащихся к зачету, экзамену или олимпиаде. Оно включает в себя 150 эссе, составленных в соответствии со всеми требованиями, предъявляемыми к письменному высказыванию с элементами рассуждения. Основная цель данного пособия состоит в том, чтобы помочь учащимся блестяще справиться с написанием эссе.

Учебный курс «Я сдам ЕГЭ!» создан авторским коллективом из числа членов Федеральной комиссии по разработке контрольных измерительных материалов и экспертов ЕГЭ. Он включает два учебных, пособия «Аудирование. Чтение. Грамматика и лексика» и «Письмо. Говорение». Учебные пособия предназначены для подготовки обучающихся 10-11 классов к государственной итоговой аттестации. Последовательность уроков предъявлена в логике экзаменационной работы по английскому языку на основе модульного принципа. Каждое занятие нацелено на конкретный результат и содержит отработку основных теоретических сведений и практических навыков для выполнения конкретного задания экзаменационной работы. В пособиях представлены тематические модули, составленные в соответствии с предъявлением заданий в экзаменационной работе. Аудиозаписи предназначены для отработки заданий раздела «Аудирование» и позволяют обучающимся познакомиться с их форматом и отработать стратегию выполнения всех заданий раздела «Аудирование». Курс адресован педагогам, школьникам и их родителям для проверки/самопроверки достижения требований образовательного стандарта к уровню подготовки выпускников.

Часть 1. Аудирование. Чтение. Грамматика и лексика.

Смотреть, с качать: drive.google

Часть 2. Письмо. Говорение.

Смотреть, с качать: drive.google

Формат: mp3 / zip

ЧАСТЬ 1.
Дорогие друзья! 3

ВВЕДЕНИЕ 6
ВХОДНОЕ ТЕСТИРОВАНИЕ 26
РАЗДЕЛ 1. АУДИРОВАНИЕ 39
Золотые правила 40
Знакомимся с заданием 1 40
Учимся выполнять задание 1 41
Подготовительные упражнения к заданию 1 45
Тренируемся в выполнении задания 1 47
Знакомимся с заданием 2 48
Учимся выполнять задание 2 49
Подготовительные упражнения к заданию 2 52
Тренируемся в выполнении задания 2 54
Знакомимся с заданиями 3-9 55
Учимся выполнять задания 3-9 56
Подготовительные упражнения к заданиям 3-9 61
Тренируемся в выполнении заданий 3-9 64
РАЗДЕЛ 2. ЧТЕНИЕ 67
Золотые правила 68
Знакомимся с заданием 10 68
Учимся выполнять задание 10 69
Подготовительные упражнения к заданию 10 73
Тренируемся в выполнении задания 10 77
Знакомимся с заданием 11 80
Учимся выполнять задание 11 80
Подготовительные упражнения к заданию 11 83
Тренируемся в выполнении задания 11 87
Знакомимся с заданиями 12-18 i 89
Учимся выполнять задания 12-18 90
Подготовительные упражнения к заданиям 12-18 97
Тренируемся в выполнении заданий 12-18 103
РАЗДЕЛ 3. ГРАММАТИКА И ЛЕКСИКА 109
Золотые правила 110
Знакомимся с заданиями 19-25 110
Учимся выполнять задания 19-25 113
Подготовительные упражнения к заданиям 19-25 116
Тренируемся в выполнении заданий 19-25 122
Знакомимся с заданиями 26-31 124
Учимся выполнять задания 26-31 125
Подготовительные упражнения к заданиям 26-31 127
Тренируемся в выполнении заданий 26-31 131
Знакомимся с заданиями 32-38 133
Учимся выполнять задания 32-38 135
Подготовительные упражнения к заданиям 32-38 140
Тренируемся в выполнении заданий 32-38 150
Ключи к заданиям и аудотексты 154

ЧАСТЬ 2.
Дорогие друзья! 3
Мои достижения: выполнение заданий ЕГЭ 4
ВВЕДЕНИЕ 6
ВХОДНОЕ ТЕСТИРОВАНИЕ 26
РАЗДЕЛ 4. ПИСЬМО 39
Золотые правила 40
Знакомимся с заданием 39 42
Учимся выполнять задание 39 44
Подготовительные упражнения к заданию 39 49
Тренируемся в выполнении задания 39 58
Знакомимся с заданием 40 60
Учимся выполнять задание 40 62
Подготовительные упражнения к заданию 40 67
Тренируемся в выполнении задания 40 74
РАЗДЕЛ 5. ГОВОРЕНИЕ 76
Золотые правила 77
Знакомимся с заданием 1 78
Учимся выполнять задание 1 79
Подготовительные упражнения к заданию 1 81
Тренируемся в выполнении заданий 85
Знакомимся с заданием 2 86
Учимся выполнять задание 2 86
Подготовительные упражнения к заданию 2 88
Тренируемся в выполнении заданий 90
Знакомимся с заданием 3 92
Учимся выполнять задание 3 93
Подготовительные упражнения к заданию 3 94
Тренируемся в выполнении задания 3 100
Знакомимся с заданием 4 102
Учимся выполнять задание 4 103
Подготовительные упражнения к заданию 4 104
Тренируемся в выполнении задания 4 109
Ключи к заданиям и аудиотексты 111

Вы услышите интервью. В заданиях 3-9 запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2 или 3 соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа. Вы услышите запись дважды.
Why does Mariela think that the first question is easy?
1) The answer depends on her mood.
2) The choice of films is limited.
3) She has her personal favourite.
Ответ:
Why does Mariela name American Beauty» the best film?
1) Because of acting.
2) Because it»s mainstream.
3) Because of its plain plot.
Ответ:
Why is «Gladiator» not Mariela»s favourite film?
1) It»s too mysterious.
2) For her it»s a usual film.
3) It»s not exciting.
Ответ:

Содержание
Введение.
Инструкция по выполнению работы.
Вариант 1.
Вариант 2.
Вариант 3.
Вариант 4.
Вариант 5.
Вариант 6.
Вариант 7.
Вариант 8.
Вариант 9.
Вариант 10.
Тексты для аудирования.
Ответы.
Критерии и схемы оценивания выполнения заданий раздела «Письмо» (2015 г.).
Порядок определения процента текстуальных совпадений в задании 40.
Порядок подсчёта слов в заданиях раздела «Письмо».
Дополнительные схемы оценивания задания 39 «Личное письмо».
Дополнительная схема оценивания задания 40 «Письменное высказывание
с элементами рассуждения».
Задания устной части.

Следующие учебники и книги:

Тест №01 по ЕГЭ. Английский язык

Christmas is the most important annual festival in both Britain and North America. In its origins, it combines the Christian celebration of the birth of Christ, on 25 December, with the ancient tradition of a winter feast during the darkest period of the year.

At this time, too, many carol singers make door-to-door visits to people at home, collecting money for this or that charity.

Many weeks before Christmas, shops start selling various Christmas cards and Christmas gifts.

Shop owners decorate their shops with holly, mistletoe, candles and colourful paper chains and lanterns.

All kinds of traditional Christmas food are also widely available.

Тест №02 по ЕГЭ. Английский язык

Arbor Day and Earth Day

The first Arbor Day took place in April, 1872 in Nebraska. It was the brainchild of Julius Sterling Morton (1832-1902), a Nebraska journalist and politician originally from Michigan.

When he became a member of Nebraska»s state board of agriculture, he proposed that a special day be set aside dedicated to tree planting and increasing awareness of the importance of trees. Nebraska»s first Arbor Day was an amazing success. More than one million trees were planted.

On April 22, 1970, Arbor Day activities were modified to emphasize the critical importance of the environment.

It was a time when cities were buried under their own smog and polluted rivers caught fire. Earth Day was created to remind people of their responsibility to protect the planet.

Now Earth Day is celebrated annually around the globe.

What started as a day of national environmental recognition has evolved into a worldwide campaign to protect our global environment.

Тест №03 по ЕГЭ. Английский язык

Tourism in Britain

Every year more than eleven million tourists visit Britain. Most visitors come in the summer months when they can expect good weather.

Tourists usually spend a few days in London, then go on to other well-known cities.

Perhaps the least visited places in England are old industrial towns.

But many people think that nineteenth-century cities show the reality of Britain.

The greatness of the past is to be still seen in their old streets.

The cheap, concrete buildings of the 1960s look old and dirty, but for the adventurous tourists these cities are full of life and colour.

Тест №04 по ЕГЭ. Английский язык

Australia is an island continent and the world»s sixth largest country. The continent and the island of Tasmania, off its south-eastern coast, make up the Commonwealth of Australia.

Australia is a federation of six states and two territories. The largest State, Western Australia, is about the same size as Western Europe. The country has a parliamentary system of administration modelled on the British one, and the state and federal structures are broadly similar.

Australia»s system of administration is based on the democratic tradition.

Australia is still a member of the Commonwealth of Nations, but although Britain»s king or queen is the Australian Head of State, Australia is fully autonomous.

The British sovereign is represented by the governor-general and state governors, whose nomination for the post is ratified by the monarch of the day.

Ministers of the government are elected for a maximum of three years. Voting is by secret ballot and is compulsory for persons 18 years of age and over.

Тест №05 по ЕГЭ. Английский язык

It is difficult to tell exactly how many languages there are in the world today. Scientists say there are about 2,700 languages, but no one has ever made a more definite count.

development of languages. New words appear, existing words acquire new meanings, native words give way to international terms.

Almost all languages change. A rare exception is written Icelandic, which has changed so little that speakers of modern Icelandic can read sagas written a thousand years ago.

Italy, too, would appear on the map not as one language, but as a whole variety of broadly related but often mutually incomprehensible dialects.

Тест №06 по ЕГЭ. Английский язык

The Power of the Great Pyramid

In the 18th century a large number of foreigners came to the Great Pyramid of Cheops in Egypt. One of the most powerful people of that time, Napoleon Bonaparte, also visited the Pyramid.

His expedition to Egypt in 1798 was not only military but archeological as well. He took with him specialists in different spheres of science. The scientist measured, explored and made many drawings of Egyptian pyramids.

One day Napoleon with several servants came to the Great Pyramid of Cheops. There he wanted to be left alone.

He ordered everyone to leave him and went into the darkness alone.

Тест №07 по ЕГЭ. Английский язык

Russia in space

Some of the greatest and most prominent inventions in the quest to explore space have a Russian connection. The father of theoretical astronautics, Konstantin Tsiolkovsky, was a Soviet. His works have been an inspiration to leading Russian rocket engineers Valentin Glushko and Sergev Korolyov.

Soviet scientists paved the way to the well-known success of the Russian space program. Sputnik I, the first artificial satellite orbiting the Earth, was launched in 1957.

On April 12, 1961, Yury Gagarin successfully made the first human trip to space.

Since then, many other Russian and Soviet records in space exploration followed.

Even now, Russia continues to be the leader in satellite launching.

Тест №08 по ЕГЭ. Английский язык

Do you know how the refrigerator was invented? It is one of the most important contributions of the Scots to the world.

If James Harrison (1816-1893), a Scottish immigrant to Australia, didn’t accidentally push ether gas into a metal tube, people might still be using boxes filled with blocks of ice to cool their food.

The main problem was how to overcome the need for ice in the refrigeration process.

Australians had difficulty gaining access to natural ice since Australia does not enjoy that many lakes.

Harrison’s discovery was beneficial the world over, but especially important for Australia because now it could export frozen meat to Europe. He even tried one such journey to Europe, but the ether had leaked during the voyage and ruined the entire cargo. Harrison went bankrupt but his legacy meant a huge difference to the Australian economy.

Тест №09 по ЕГЭ. Английский язык

The heart of Bangkok

Don’t let that mislead you.

It is one of Asia’s most cosmopolitan cities with impressive temples and palaces, authentic canals, busy markets and a vibrant nightlife that has something for everyone.

The heart of Bangkok is probably its magnificent Grand Palace, which is one of the architectural wonders of the world.

It is a collection of highly decorated holy temples and monuments.

Тест №10 по ЕГЭ. Английский язык

The most important liquid on Earth

Water is a vital element in each of our lives. Not only is it essential to our health, but we also use it for various household tasks. Every day we use water for cooking, bathing, and cleaning, and drinking; but how often do we think about its source?

Consumers receive their water from one of two sources: a private well, or a community water system.

Approximately 15 percent of the U.S. population relies on individually owned and operated sources of drinking water, such as wells, cisterns, and springs. The majority of household wells are found in rural areas.

Those who receive their water from a private well are solely responsible for the safety of the water.

Private wells are not subject to different federal regulations and are generally regulated on a very limited basis by states.

Local health departments may assist well owners with periodic / periodical testing for bacteria or nitrates, but the bulk of the responsibility for caring for the well falls on the well owner.

Тест №11 по ЕГЭ. Английский язык

Can animals think?

In his quarters at the University of Arizona, Alex is commenting on all that he sees. “Hot!” he warns as a visitor picks up a mug of tea. Alex spots a plateful of fruit and announces his choice: “Grape.” Alex is an African grey parrot.

For the last 16 years, biologist Irene Pepperberg has been exploring the degree to which the bird understands what he is saying.

Alex also communicates what appear to be various feelings.

Are the parrot’s words merely a collection of sounds he emits when frustrated, or does this one-pound bird know what he is saying?

For centuries, philosophers argued that thinking and language separate humans from other species. Later, scientists had reason to be critical of claims concerning animal intelligence.

Тест №12 по ЕГЭ. Английский язык

UK: Conservation and Environmen

Going for a walk is the most popular leisure activity in Britain. Despite its high population density, the UK has many unspoilt rural and coastal areas.

Twelve National Parks are freely accessible to the public and were created to conserve the natural beauty, wildlife and cultural heritage they contain.

Most of the land in National Parks is privately owned, but administered by an independent National Park Authority which works to balance the expectations of visitors with the need to conserve these open spaces for future generations.

The UK also works to improve the global environment and has taken global warming seriously ever since specialists discovered the hole in the ozone layer.

Nowadays British scientists are taking part in one of the largest international projects that is undertaken to protect endangered species.

Тест №13 по ЕГЭ. Английский язык

Chicago from above

Following a recent renovation, the new Hancock Observatory invites you to enjoy Chicago’s best views from the city’s highest open-air Skywalk. It has quickly gained popularity with both Chicagoans and visitors of the city.

Skywalk is Chicago’s highest open-air viewing area. It is 1,000 feet in the air! Everyone here can feel the strong wind and hear the dynamic buzz of the city below. The friendly staff will certainly tell the real story behind Chicago’s “Windy City” nickname.

For those who feel uncomfortable about such a great height there are more relaxing indoor audio Sky Tours.

These 30-minute personal audio tours give a unique “overview” of Chicago’s wonderful sights and remarkable history! Sky Tours are available in English, Spanish and German.

As a tour guide I have been to the Skywalk countless times and still I can’t help admiring it.

Тест №14 по ЕГЭ. Английский язык

Ray Douglas Bradbury is a US writer of fantasy, horror, science fiction and mystery. He is widely considered to be one of the 20 th century’s greatest and most popular writers of science fiction.

His works have been translated into more than 40 languages and have sold tens of millions of copies in different countries. His popularity continues in the 21st century.

During his long writing career, Bradbury has written almost 600 short stories, eleven novels, as well as various poems and plays.

He first became famous for his Martian Chronicles, a collection of short stories concerning colonization of the planet Mars. In it, Bradbury portrayed the strengths and weaknesses of human beings as they encountered a new world.

Bradbury won countless literary awards, the most important of them coming from the National Institute of Arts and Letters.

Millions of science fiction readers all over the world are grateful to Ray Bradbury for his outstanding achievement / achievements in the field of fantasy and science fiction.

Тест №15 по ЕГЭ. Английский язык

The importance of animals in British life is reflected in many ways. In the past, landowners liked to be portrayed with their dogs and horses. Countless pictures of this kind can be seen in art galleries and private residences.

Animals are widely used in advertising in magazines and on television.

The Royal Society for the prevention of Cruelty to Animals (RSPCA) is one of the largest charities in Britain.

RSPCA is a part of a more general movement in support of animal rights that has emerged recently in Britain and the USA.

Animal rights organizations use various tactics: picketing stores that sell furs, harassing hunters in the wild, or breaking into laboratories to free animals.

Their main aim is to ban the cruel treatment and killing of animals both in laboratory experiments and in factory farming. The irresponsible and neglectful treatment of animals by some zoo and pet owners is also their concern.

Тест №16 по ЕГЭ. Английский язык

Why do we sleep?

Scientists from the University of California, Los Angeles, conducted a study of the sleep times of a broad range of animals. They discovered much variation.

You may think it impossible but some migrating birds canfly non-stop for up to 90 hours.

Pythons and bats are among the longest sleepers at over 18 hours a day.

Human babies need 16 hours and their health and intellectual development depend on sleeping properly.

Most of us probably feel we need around eight hours sleep to function well. Some people have difficulty / difficulties in getting enough sleep and this may lead to serious health problems.

Тест №17 по ЕГЭ. Английский язык

The United Nations (UN) has published its prediction about the size and age of the world’s population three hundred years from now. This report can help environmental scientists and policy-makers to understand dramatic changes in the world’s population in the future.

The report suggests that if the birth rates stay the same, there’ll be a huge expansion of the global population.

You may think it is impossible but three centuries from now there may be over one hundred and thirty trillion people.

The report says that the world’s population is likely to be significantly older. The average age will be fifty while today it is twenty six.

Almost a quarter of all the inhabitants of the planet will live in Africa.

Researchers think that India, China and the United States will continue to be countries with the biggest population.

Тест №18 по ЕГЭ. Английский язык

Invention of Potato Chips

Crum made thinner slices, but the nervous customer was still dissatisfied.

Crum finally made fries that were too thin to eat with a fork, hoping to annoy the extremely difficult customer.

Industrial manufacturing of potato chips began in Cleveland, Ohio, in 1895.

The chips gained even more popularity in 1926 when a wax paper potato chip bag was invented that helped to keep them fresh and crisp.

Тест №19 по ЕГЭ. Английский язык

Tourism in Australia

The growth of tourism infrastructure related to the base of Ayers Rock, or Uluru began in the 1950s. Soon it started to produce adverse environmental impacts.

It was decided in the early 1970s to remove all accommodation-related tourist facilities and re-establish them outside the park. In 1975, a reservation of 104 square kilometres of land beyond the park’s northern boundary was chosen as the site for a new resort.

A year or two later, the development of a tourist facility and an associated airport, to be known as Yulara started.

The camp ground within the park was closed in 1983 and the motels closed in late 1984, coinciding with the opening of the luxurious resort. In 1992, the majority interest in the Yulara resort held by the Northern Territory government / governor was sold and the resort was renamed Ayers Rock Resort.

Since listing the park as a World Heritage Site, the annual number of visitors rose to over 400,000 people by the year 2000.

Increased tourism provides regional and national economic benefits. It also presents an ongoing challenge to balance conservation of cultural values and tourists’ needs.

Тест №20 по ЕГЭ. Английский язык

The World’s Language

The English language is famous for the richness of its vocabulary. Webster’s New International Dictionary lists 450,000 words, and the new Oxford English Dictionary has 615,000, but that is only part of the total. Technical and scientists terms would add millions more.

The wealth of existing synonyms means that speakers of English have two words for something denoted by one word in a different language. The French, for instance, do not distinguish between house and home, between mind and brain. The Spanish cannot differentiate a chairman from a president.

In Russia, there are no native words for efficiency, challenge and engagement ring. Of course, every language has areas in which it needs, for practical purposes, to be more expressive than others.

Nowadays, globalization influences the development of languages.

Тест №21 по ЕГЭ. Английский язык

The most usual way to entertain friends at home is to invite them for a meal, either in the evening or at lunch-time on a Sunday. When guests are invited for a meal, they often sit and chat while they have a drink before the meal, and coffee is usually served afterwards.

Formal occasions, official receptions for foreign visitors, when written invitations are sent, rarely take place in people’s homes, although they did in the past.

The host often provides various kinds of entertainment, or at least entertains guests with interesting stories and merry jokes.

The tasty meal is often followed by party games or dances which are intended to amuse or interest people in a way that gives them pleasure and make them enjoy the party.